Risk Factors for Neurological Complications in Severe Spinal Deformity Surgery.

Objective: Severe spinal deformities, including scoliosis and kyphosis, present significant challenges in corrective surgery due to the elevated risk of neurological complications. The identification of preoperative risk factors is of paramount importance for the optimization of outcomes and the prevention of complications.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study analyzed 130 patients with severe spinal deformities who underwent surgical treatments from January 2002 to May 2022.

An improved YOLOv8s-based UAV target detection algorithm.

At present, the low-altitude economy is booming, and the application of drones has shown explosive growth, injecting new vitality into economic development. UAVs will face complex environmental perception and security risks when operating in low airspace. Accurate target detection technology has become a key support to ensure the orderly operation of UAVs.

Physiological changes and gene expression in the mixotrophic haptophyte, Prymnesium parvum, respond to mixed nitrogen sources.

Prymnesium parvum is a toxin-producing haptophyte that adapts to various conditions in aquaculture wastewater, using strategies like allelopathy, toxicity, and predation to survive. However, knowledge about physiological and genetic responses of P. parvum to mixed nitrogen sources in aquaculture wastewater is still limited.

The efficacy and safety of efgartigimod for refractory myasthenia gravis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a chronic autoimmune disorder affecting the neuromuscular junction, where autoreactive immunoglobulin G (IgG) plays a key role in disease pathogenesis. The novel biologic Efgartigimod is a neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) antagonist, promotes the lysosomal degradation of IgG, and may offer a targeted approach for managing MG. Despite the growing interest in efgartigimod, there remains a lack of comprehensive evaluation of its efficacy and safety in different MG subtypes.

Metabolomic comparative study in patients with liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma related to hepatitis B virus infection.

Introduction: Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection can increase the risk of developing liver cirrhosis (LC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Timely detection of precancerous lesions for patients with chronic HBV infection is critical in preventing worse consequences. The purpose of this study is to reveal the key serum metabolic biomarkers that can be applied to the early recognition of HCC in patients with HBV-associated cirrhosis.

Ultra-small spectral confocal displacement sensors based on GRIN lenses.

Spectral confocal displacement sensors have been widely used in various precision measurement fields such as aerospace, biology, and medicine due to their advantages of high accuracy, non-contact, fast response, and high resolution. In this paper, a new method of spectral confocal measurement of a ultra-compact probe based on a GRIN lens, to our knowledge, is proposed. Through ray tracing analysis, it is found that the axial dispersion is close to linear in a specific wavelength range, and a theoretical model of spectral confocal measurement with the GRIN lens is deduced.

Identification of Biomarkers and Immune-Metabolic Regulators in Acute Pancreatitis and Sarcopenia: A Multi-Modal Transcriptomics Study.

Studies suggest a clinically significant association between acute pancreatitis and sarcopenia. However, the molecular mechanisms behind this association have not been fully elucidated. Here, we systematically investigated gene expression profiles by differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and functional enrichment analysis, and identified a total of 36 genes as shared genes between acute pancreatitis and sarcopenia.

Inter-role reciprocity in evolutionary trust game on square lattices.

Simulating bipartite games, such as the trust game, is not straightforward due to the lack of a natural way to distinguish roles in a single population. The square lattice topology can provide a simple yet elegant solution by alternating trustors and trustees. For even lattice sizes, it creates two disjoint diagonal sub-lattices for strategy learning, while game interactions can take place on the original lattice.

The Stress Hyperglycemia Ratio as a Predictor of Clinical Outcomes in Acute Pancreatitis: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

: The stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) has emerged as a promising biomarker for assessing stress-induced hyperglycemia (SH) but has not been evaluated in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP). This study investigates the role of the SHR in predicting adverse clinical outcomes in patients with AP. : Adult patients with AP who were admitted within 72 h of the onset of abdominal pain were screened in the database.

Reprogramming tumor-associated macrophages and blocking PD-L1 via engineered outer membrane vesicles to enhance T cell infiltration and cytotoxic functions.

The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) critically undermines the efficacy of T cell-based tumor immunotherapy by impeding CD8 T cell infiltration and cytotoxic function, primarily through tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and immune checkpoint molecules such as programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1). Here, we present a multifunctional nanoplatform, IN@OMV-PDL1nb, designed to simultaneously inhibit TAM-derived immunosuppressive metabolite itaconic acid (ITA) by targeting immune-responsive gene 1 (IRG1) and block PD-L1 within the TME. Engineered outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) serve as precision delivery vehicles for the IRG1 inhibitor IRG1-IN-1 (IN) and as carriers for PD-L1 nanobody release, activated by matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2).

Direct Observation of Suppressed Optical-Acoustic Phonon Energy Coupling in Supported SWCNT at Cryogenic Temperatures.

Nonequilibrium among phonon branches critically influences nanoscale heat transport yet remains largely unexplored in one-dimensional (1D) systems, particularly at cryogenic temperatures. This work reports the first experimental quantification of optical-acoustic phonon coupling factor (G) in single-walled carbon nanotubes using the frequency-domain energy transport state-resolved Raman technique at cryogenic and room temperatures. Remarkably, a strong suppression of G is observed at low temperatures that exceeds the suppression of the coupling of interfacial phonon modes.

Exploratory development of human-machine interaction strategies for post-stroke upper-limb rehabilitation.

Background: Stroke and its related complications, place significant burdens on human society in the twenty-first century, and lead to substantial demands for upper limb rehabilitation. To fulfill the rehabilitation needs, human-machine interaction (HMI) technology strives continuously. Depends on the involvement of subject, HMI strategy can be classified as passive or active.

Relationship between glucagon and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Glucagon (GCG) plays an important role in both diabetes and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).

Aim: To investigate the relationship between GCG and the development of MASLD in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the possible influencing factors.

Methods: A total of 212 T2DM patients were enrolled.

Role of NR1D1 in Bisphenol A-Induced Anxiety-like Behavior and Inflammation in Zebrafish Larvae.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widespread environmental endocrine disruptor with significant neurodevelopmental and behavioral risks. The present study explored the role of the circadian clock protein NR1D1 in mediating BPA-induced anxiety-like behavior and brain inflammation early in life. Zebrafish embryos exposed to BPA exhibited anxiety-like behavior characterized by altered motor activity patterns.

The Incidence and Trends of Yellow Fever from 1990 to 2021 in Major Endemic Regions: A Systematic Analysis Based on the 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study.

As a re-emerging disease, the worldwide burden and trends of yellow fever (YF) remain inadequately quantified. This study aims to assess the incidence of YF both globally and in major endemic regions from 1990 to 2021. Utilizing data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database, we evaluated the burden of YF.

Enhancement mechanism of electron-phonon coupling in B ( = K and Rb) compounds with Kagome lattice.

Kagome superconductors are a recent hot topic in superconductivity, while most studies focus on ternary systems. This study investigated the Kagome lattice and other structure properties of binary B ( = K and Rb) compounds in the pressure range of 0-30 GPa using crystal structure prediction and first-principles calculations. The crystal properties and bonding characteristics of the , 4/, 6/, and 6/ phases were analyzed.

CRISPR-Cas13a coupled with recombinase aided amplification: Development of an ultrasensitive point - of - care detection method for visual diagnosis of egg drop syndrome virus.

Egg Drop Syndrome Virus (EDSV) infection in poultry causes a significant drop in egg - laying rate, harming poultry farms' economic benefits. A sensitive and specific EDSV detection method is urgently needed in clinical practice. The CRISPR-Cas13a system can detect various targets specifically, and recombinase-aided amplification (RAA) can rapidly amplify nucleic acids.

Fabrication of Ag-Alginate/MXene Nanosheet Composite Coatings for Enhanced Antifouling Performance.

Marine biofouling is a common issue that concerns safety, cost, and ecosystem stability. Alginate, a commonly used filler in functional coatings and membranes, is also widely researched for biomedical applications. This study presents a novel approach for developing advanced self-polishing coatings by combining MXene nanosheets with sodium alginate (SA) and silver ions (Ag).

Bacterial extracellular vesicles for gut microbiome-host communication and drug development.

As the intricate interplay between microbiota and the host garners increasing research attention, a significant parallel surge has emerged in the investigation of intestinal bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs). Most intestinal bacteria secrete BEVs, which harbor specific cargo molecules and exhibit diverse functions, encompassing interactions among bacteria themselves and between bacteria and the host. These interactions can either bolster host health or contribute to various pathologies.

CGF1 and CGF2 jointly participate in iron homeostasis in chloroplasts.

Iron (Fe) plays a crucial role in chloroplast function, and its deficiency results in Fe chlorosis, a syndrome characterized by reduced biomass production and plant mortality. In this study, Fe supplementation rescued the dwarfism and chlorotic phenotype of cgf1 cgf2 mutant, suggesting that CGF1 and CGF2 are essential regulators of Fe homeostasis. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that both CGF1 and CGF2 localize to the chloroplast envelope.

Physiological and molecular evidence for phycobilisome degradation in maintaining carbon and nitrogen balance of cyanobacteria.

Unlabelled: Phycobilisomes (PBS), the primary light-harvesting complexes in cyanobacteria, are degraded under nitrogen starvation to provide nitrogen for cell growth. This study reveals that carbon supply is a critical prerequisite for PBS degradation under nitrogen deficiency in sp. PCC 7002.

PRPF19 mediates the proteasomal degradation of VDR to exacerbate ferroptosis in diabetic nephropathy.

Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of programmed cell death, is closely associated with tubular damage in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) is an important anti-oxidant enzyme, and plays a crucial role in protecting against ferroptosis. However, the regulatory mechanism of GPX4 expression levels in renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) remains elusive.

Distinct Role of TP53 Co-mutations in Different EGFR Subtypes Mediating the Response to EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Background: TP53 co-mutations are closely associated with poor outcomes in patients with EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Our study aimed to explore whether TP53 co-mutations affect survival and response to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in patients with different EGFR subtypes.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 240 NSCLC with EGFR mutation (MT) from the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University.

Bimetallic selenides heterostructure embedded in urchin-like core/shell conductive rhombic dodecahedron as sulfur host for high-energy-density lithium-sulfur battery.

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries, characterized by the exceptional theoretical energy density, have emerged as a highly up-and-coming competitor for next-generation power batteries. However, the notorious shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and sluggish redox reaction kinetics, particularly under high S loading and lean electrolyte, significantly impeded the commercialized progress of Li-S batteries. Herein, we rationally designed and synthesized a novel urchin-like core/shell rhombic dodecahedron as a S host for the first time, wherein the nanoparticles of bimetallic selenides (CoSe/SbSe) heterojunction are uniformly encapsulated within nitrogen-doped carbon layer and spiny-like CNTs (NC-CNTs) (denoted as CoSe/SbSe@NC-CNT).