Formation and centromere inactivation of fusion chromosomes in two allotetraploid species from the Saccharum complex.

Chromosome fusion can cause a change in the basic chromosome number of a species, thus imposing a major impact on speciation. However, there are few studies on the structure and evolution of fusion chromosomes in plants. Erianthus rockii and Narenga porphyrocoma are allotetraploid species within the Saccharum complex.

Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced activation of SREBP2 promotes cholesterol biosynthesis in cholestasis.

Background And Aims: Cholestasis is frequently associated with lipid metabolism disorders, elevated cholesterol levels and disruptions in bile acid homeostasis. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying cholesterol elevation in cholestasis remain inadequately understood. This study aims to investigate alterations in cholesterol levels and potential mechanisms in mouse models of cholestasis.

Isovaleric acid ameliorates chronic restraint stress and resists inflammation by inhibiting NF-κB activation in mice.

In actual production, the restraint stress caused by crowded and narrow spaces, as well as operations such as capture and transportation, can lead to intestinal inflammation and affect animal growth performance, damaging the economic benefits of livestock farms. Isovaleric acid, a type of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA), has been found to be useful in enhancing calf digestion and inhibiting the expression of inflammatory factors. In this study, we first constructed a mouse model of chronic restraint stress (CRS) and fed a diet supplemented with sodium isovalerate to mice with CRS to investigate the mitigating effect of exogenously added isovalerate on mice with CRS.

Direct extraction of respiratory information from pulse waves using a finger-inspired flexible pressure sensor system.

The long-term monitoring of respiratory status is crucial for the prevention and diagnosis of respiratory diseases. However, existing continuous respiratory monitoring devices are typically bulky and require either chest strapping or proximity to the nasal area, which compromises user comfort and may disrupt the monitoring process. To overcome these challenges, we have developed a flexible, attachable, lightweight, and miniaturized system designed for extended wear on the wrist.

Disruption of Hepatic Sinusoidal Homeostasis Leads to Hepatopulmonary Syndrome.

Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a pulmonary vascular complication of liver disease and/or portal hypertension. HPS manifests as impaired gas exchange and hypoxemia due to intrapulmonary vascular dilatations and shunts. In response to primary liver disease, the abnormal adaptation of respiratory epithelial cells, pulmonary endothelial cells and immune cells leads to pulmonary microenvironment disequilibrium and HPS.

Dual Functions of Fluorescence and Peroxidase Mimics for Hemin@NH-UiO-66 and Ratiometric Fluorescence Sensing to l-Cysteine.

The bifunctions of fluorescence activity and peroxidase mimics were well-integrated by a hemin chloride-modified Zr-based metal-organic framework (Hemin@NH-UiO-66), which can catalyze the oxidation of -phenylenediamine (OPD) to generate 2,3-diaminophenazine (DAP), presenting typical peroxidase mimic properties. The influence of the introduction of hemin chloride upon the enhanced peroxidase mimic activity was clarified, and the nanozyme catalytic parameters were optimized. Interestingly, the oxidized product of DAP presents strong fluorescence emission at 564 nm; combining it with the intrinsic fluorescence emission of NH-UiO-66 at 452 nm, a dual-emission system could be built up by the resulting Hemin@NH-UiO-66 in the presence of definite OPD and HO.

Structure and mechanism of human vesicular polyamine transporter.

Polyamines play essential roles in gene expression and modulate neuronal transmission in mammals. Vesicular polyamine transporters (VPAT) from the SLC18 family exploit the transmembrane H gradient to translocate polyamines into secretory vesicles, enabling the quantal release of polyamine neuromodulators and underpinning learning and memory formation. Here, we report the cryo-electron microscopy structures of human VPAT in complex with spermine, spermidine, H, or tetrabenazine, elucidating discrete lumen-facing states of the antiporter and pivotal interactions between VPAT and its substrate or inhibitor.

Design, Fabrication, and Application of Large-Area Flexible Pressure and Strain Sensor Arrays: A Review.

The rapid development of flexible sensor technology has made flexible sensor arrays a key research area in various applications due to their exceptional flexibility, wearability, and large-area-sensing capabilities. These arrays can precisely monitor physical parameters like pressure and strain in complex environments, making them highly beneficial for sectors such as smart wearables, robotic tactile sensing, health monitoring, and flexible electronics. This paper reviews the fabrication processes, operational principles, and common materials used in flexible sensors, explores the application of different materials, and outlines two conventional preparation methods.

Global Burden of Major Chronic Liver Diseases in 2021.

Background: This study utilised the Global Burden of Disease data (2010-2021) to analyse the rates and trends in point prevalence, annual incidence and years lived with disability (YLDs) for major chronic liver diseases, such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C, metabolic dysfunction-associated liver disease, cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases.

Methods: Age-standardised rates per 100,000 population for prevalence, annual incidence and YLDs were compared across regions and countries, as well as the socio-demographic index (SDI). Trends were expressed as percentage changes (PC) and estimates were reported with uncertainty intervals (UI).

Chenodeoxycholic acid modulates cholestatic niche through FXR/Myc/P-selectin axis in liver endothelial cells.

Cholestatic liver diseases are characterized by excessive bile acid accumulation in the liver. Endothelial cells (ECs) shape the local microenvironment in both normal conditions and liver injury, yet their role in cholestasis is unclear. Through a comparative analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data from various murine models of liver injury, we identify distinctive Myc activation within ECs during obstructive cholestasis resulting from bile duct ligation (BDL).

Interaction between polygenic risk score and reproductive factors in relation to lung cancer risk among Singaporean Chinese women.

Objectives: Studies have shown that reproductive factors can influence hormone levels in females, potentially affecting the risk of developing lung cancer. However, it remains unclear whether this association is modified by genetic variants.

Study Design: Age-matched case-control study.

Loneliness and Social Isolation with Risk of Incident Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, UK Biobank 2006 to 2022.

Although loneliness and social isolation are proposed as important risk factors for metabolic diseases, their associations with the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have not been elucidated. The aims of this study were to determine whether loneliness and social isolation are independently associated with the risk of NAFLD and to explore potential mediators for the observed associations. In this large prospective cohort analysis with 405,073 participants of the UK Biobank, the status of loneliness and social isolation was assessed through self-administrated questionnaires at study recruitment.

Global, Regional, and National Burden of Primary Liver Cancer Attributable to Metabolic Risks: An Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990-2021.

Introduction: The global burden of metabolic diseases is increasing, but estimates of their impact on primary liver cancer are uncertain. We aimed to assess the global burden of primary liver cancer attributable to metabolic risk factors, including high body mass index (BMI) and high fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels, between 1990 and 2021.

Methods: The total number and age-standardized rates of deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from primary liver cancer attributable to each metabolic risk factor were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990-2021.

Dynamic changes in the transcriptome and metabolome of pig ovaries across developmental stages and gestation.

Background: The ovary is a central organ in the reproductive system that produces oocytes and synthesizes and secretes steroid hormones. Healthy development and regular cyclical change in the ovary is crucial for regulating reproductive processes. However, the key genes and metabolites that regulate ovarian development and pregnancy have not been fully elucidated.

Succinic Acid Improves the Metabolism of High-Fat Diet-Induced Mice and Promotes White Adipose Browning.

Succinic acid plays a crucial role as an essential intermediate in the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle in mitochondria. In recent years, growing evidence has supported the the important role of succinic acid in fat metabolism. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of succinic acid on adipose tissue metabolism and insulin sensitivity in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice and try to explore its potential mechanism.

Integrative multiomic analysis identifies distinct molecular subtypes of NAFLD in a Chinese population.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a common health care burden worldwide. The high heterogeneity of NAFLD remains elusive and impairs outcomes of clinical diagnosis and pharmacotherapy. Several NAFLD classifications have been proposed on the basis of clinical, genetic, alcoholic, or serum metabolic analyses.

GPX5-Enriched Exosomes Improve Sperm Quality and Fertilization Ability.

Semen preservation quality affects the artificial insemination success rate, and seminal exosomes are rich in various proteins that are transferable to sperm and conducive to sperm-function preservation during storage. However, the specific effects of these proteins remain unclear. In this study, the specific effects of these proteins on semen preservation quality and fertilization capacity were investigated through a proteomic analysis of seminal exosomes from boars with high conception rates (HCRs) and low conception rates (LCRs).

Dronedarone hydrochloride (DH) induces pancreatic cancer cell death by triggering mtDNA-mediated pyroptosis.

Pancreatic cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-associated mortality, with a poor treatment approach. Previous study has shown that inducing pyroptosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) slows the growth of PDACs, implying that pyroptosis inducers are potentially effective for PDAC therapy. Here, we found that Dronedarone hydrochloride (DH), an antiarrhythmic drug, induces pyroptosis in pancreatic cancer cells and inhibits PDAC development in mice.

Fluoroamphiphilic polymers exterminate multidrug-resistant Gram-negative ESKAPE pathogens while attenuating drug resistance.

ESKAPE pathogens are a panel of most recalcitrant bacteria that could "escape" the treatment of antibiotics and exhibit high incidence of drug resistance. The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) ESKAPE pathogens (particularly Gram-negative bacteria) accounts for high risk of mortality and increased resource utilization in health care. Worse still, there has been no new class of antibiotics approved for exterminating the Gram-negative bacteria for more than 50 years.

STING-mediated IL-6 Inhibits OATP1B1 Expression via the TCF4 Signaling Pathway in Cholestasis.

Background And Aims: Organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATPs) play a crucial role in the transport of bile acids and bilirubin. In our previous study, interleukin 6 (IL-6) reduced OATP1B3 levels in cholestatic disease. However, it remains unclear whether IL-6 inhibits OATP1B1 expression in cholestatic diseases.

Hepatic GDP-fucose transporter SLC35C1 attenuates cholestatic liver injury and inflammation by inducing CEACAM1 N153 fucosylation.

Background And Aims: Inflammatory response is crucial for bile acid (BA)-induced cholestatic liver injury, but molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Solute Carrier Family 35 Member C1 (SLC35C1) can transport Guanosine diphosphate-fucose into the Golgi to facilitate protein glycosylation. Its mutation leads to the deficiency of leukocyte adhesion and enhances inflammation in humans.

A global survey on the use of the international classification of diseases codes for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease.

Background: With the implementation of the 11th edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) and the publication of the metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) nomenclature in 2020, it is important to establish consensus for the coding of MAFLD in ICD-11. This will inform subsequent revisions of ICD-11.

Methods: Using the Qualtrics XM and WJX platforms, questionnaires were sent online to MAFLD-ICD-11 coding collaborators, authors of papers, and relevant association members.

Peroxysulfur species-mediated enhanced oxidation of micropollutants by ferrate(VI): Peroxymonosulfate versus peroxydisulfate.

Many studies have shown that Peroxymonosulfate (PMS) works synergistically with ferrate (Fe(VI)) to remove refractory organic compounds in a few minutes. However, little has been reported on the combined effects of peroxydisulfate (PDS) and Fe(VI). Since PDS is stable and cost effective, it is of practical significance to study the reaction mechanism and conditions of the PDS/Fe(VI) system.