Spin-Active Polarons Induced Nucleophilic Substitution on Fluorographene for In Situ Fabricating Distinctively 2D-Based Bifunctional Nanocomposites.

Nucleophilic substitution reaction (SR) plays a crucial role in traditional organic chemistry, and its extension into two dimensional (2D) materials has recently created a series of functional materials and advanced applications. However, the traditional SR process is usually indiscriminately copied into existing 2D reaction systems, which tremendously restricts the development of special 2D functional materials and sophisticated applications. In this work, a brand-new spin-active polarons-induced SR process in typical 2D fluorographene (FG) is proposed, where nucleophiles preferentially attack particular oxygen groups for functional grafting, simultaneously inducing the generation of spin-active polarons and subsequently rapid defluorination on the FG nanosheet.

Network Pharmacology, Experimental Validation Explored Kakkalide to Ameliorate Endothelial Cell Dysfunction and Inflammatory Response.

Background: Sepsis continues to represent a significant challenge due to its detrimental effects and high mortality rate. The protection of endothelial function and the attenuation of the excessive inflammatory response are pivotal in the reduction of mortality risk. is the flower of var.

Ultralong-Lived Excitons in Metallo-Quinoline-Incorporated Covalent Organic Frameworks Promote Photoreductive Cross-Coupling.

Designing long-lived excitons in photocatalysts is crucial for efficient charge separation. However, most of the current organic photocatalysts are characterized by a relatively short exciton lifetime within the range of picoseconds due to localized excitons with large binding energies. Herein, we report the design of ultralong-lived excitons with a lifetime exceeding 8000 ps by constructing metallo-quinoline-incorporated covalent organic frameworks (COFs).

Strongly enhanced topological quantum phases in dual-surface AlO-encapsulated MnBiTe.

The topological quantum phases in antiferromagnetic topological insulator MnBiTe hold promise for next-generation spintronics, but their experimental realization has been constrained by challenges in preparing high-quality devices. In this work, we report a new wax-assisted exfoliation and transfer method that enables the fabrication of MnBiTe heterostructures with both surfaces encapsulated by AlO. This strategy strongly enhances the transport performances of the topological quantum phases in MnBiTe flakes, which is attributed to the enhancement of magnetism by the AlO layer.

NamiRNA-Enhancer Network: The Changing Era Challenge and Chance of miRNA.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) systematically orchestrate multiple biological processes via gene regulation in various organisms. Conventionally, miRNAs bind to untranslated regions of mRNAs to modulate gene silencing in the cytoplasm. Recent studies have revealed that a subset of miRNAs located in the nucleus can efficiently activate gene transcription by targeting enhancers, named as Nuclear Activating miRNAs (NamiRNAs).

ALKBH5 deficiency suppresses hepatocarcinogenesis in mice via mA-dependent STAT1 restoration.

RNA mA methylation, as the most prevalent modification in mRNA, is a dynamic and reversible process primarily regulated by mA methyltransferases ("writers"), mA demethylases ("erasers"), and mA recognition proteins ("readers"). It has been shown that N6-methyladenosine (mA) plays a pivotal role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study we investigated the contribution of the mA eraser AlkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5) to hepatocarcinogenesis, particularly during the early stages of liver cancer development.

The genetic diversity and populational specificity of the human gut virome at single-nucleotide resolution.

Background: Large-scale characterization of gut viral genomes provides strain-resolved insights into host-microbe interactions. However, existing viral genomes are mainly derived from Western populations, limiting our understanding of global gut viral diversity and functional variations necessary for personalized medicine and addressing regional health disparities.

Results: Here, we introduce the Chinese Gut Viral Reference (CGVR) set, consisting of 120,568 viral genomes from 3234 deeply sequenced fecal samples collected nationwide, covering 72,751 viral operational taxonomic units (vOTUs), nearly 90% of which are likely absent from current databases.

Autologous Osteoperiosteal Transplantation Versus Autologous Osteochondral Transplantation for Large Cystic Osteochondral Lesions of the Medial Talus: 2-Year Results From a Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Both autologous osteochondral transplantation (AOCT) and autologous osteoperiosteal transplantation (AOPT) are available for large cystic osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLTs). However, there is a lack of valid prospective evidence directly comparing the efficacy between AOPT and AOCT.

Purpose/hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of AOPT versus AOCT in patients with large cystic OLTs (>8 mm in cystic diameter) at 2 years of follow-up.

Small Molecules as Markers for Decoding Plastic-Related Information: A Focus on Polymer Composition.

Although the relationship between plastics and their embedded small molecules has been previously hypothesized, direct and systematic evidence remains limited. Herein, we introduced an innovative approach to validate this relationship by screening specific small molecules as markers to decode plastic information. Given the mature techniques available for polymer identification, enabling subsequent validation, this study focused on screening polymer-specific small molecule markers.

Prevalence of postpartum depression in mothers of infants with cleft lip and/or palate and its influential factors: a mixed-methods study.

Background: Mothers of infants with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) are at an elevated risk of postpartum depression due to emotional challenges associated with the condition. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of depression and its influential factors in mothers of infants with CL/P within 1 year postpartum.

Methods: This study used an interpretive sequential mixed research design, incorporating the psychological-social-cultural model to understand the phenomenon under investigation.

Efficacy of a non-recombinant NADC34-like PRRSV-2 vaccine candidate against a recombinant NADC34-like PRRSV-2 isolate.

NADC34-like porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 2 (NADC34-like PRRSV-2) has become prevalent in Chinese swine herds. However, current commercial vaccines only provide limited cross-protection against NADC34-like PRRSV-2 infection. In our previous study, we developed the infectious clone (rBJ1805-2) of a non-recombinant NADC34-like PRRSV-2 BJ1805-2 isolate and identified the GP2a 91/97/98 amino acid substitutions (from "TMF" to "VVL" pattern) as a sufficient and necessary determinant for its Marc-145 cell tropism.

Triple-Enhanced Absorption Anisotropy in Arrayed Core-Shell Nanowire Design.

One-dimensional semiconductor nanowires (NWs) are natural polarization photodetectors, thanks to their optical absorption anisotropy and efficient electrical transport channels. However, ultrathin NWs beyond practical fabrication capabilities are often required to achieve the desired polarization sensitivity. Here, we demonstrate a configuration of planar arrayed core-shell NW architectures with substantially enhanced absorption dichroism for linearly polarized light.

Development and Validation of Survival Prediction Models for Patients With Pineoblastomas Using Deep Learning: A SEER-Based Study.

Purpose: Pineoblastomas (PBs) are rare central nervous system tumors primarily affecting children and adolescents, with limited data on clinical characteristics and survival outcomes. Prognosis prediction models for this disease are lacking. The purpose of this study was to develop deep learning (DL) models for predicting 3-year survival in patients with pineoblastoma.

Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of the antibacterial mechanism of Rhizoma Coptidis extract against Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 35984.

Background: Biofilm formation is a key virulence factor in Staphylococcus epidermidis. Rhizoma Coptidis, the medicinal root of Coptis chinensis, has been traditionally used in Chinese medicine for its broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties.

Results: This study investigated the antibacterial and anti-biofilm effects of Rhizoma Coptidis extract against S.

Modulating the direction of catalytic glyoximate sites of covalent organic frameworks towards electrocatalytic nitrate reduction.

Two-dimensional (2D) covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with metal centers are ideal templates to construct electrocatalysts due to their high degree of structural controllability. However, the metal centers are stacked in columns with limited space, which impedes the mass delivered to catalytic sites across the pore channels. Herein, we demonstrate a topologic synthesis strategy for constructing catalytic sites in three-dimensional (3D) space.

Promoter driven expression in rice enhances arsenic phytoextraction in paddy soils.

Arsenic (As) contamination in paddy soils is a global problem, threatening rice production and food safety. Hyperaccumulator plants have garnered significant attention for their potential to remove pollutants from contaminated soil. However, no natural hyperaccumulators have been found for the phytoremediation of As-contaminated paddy soils under flooding conditions.

Base-Controlled Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Regioselective C-H Alkylation and Annulation of 2-Arylindoles with α-Cl Ketones.

A base-controlled rhodium(III)-catalyzed regioselective C-H alkylation and annulation of 2-arylindoles with α-Cl ketones in a single catalytic system is described, in which α-Cl ketones serve as C(sp)-based electrophilic partners and oxidized alkyne equivalents. When using NaOAc as the base, the C-H functionalization selectively delivered 1-aryl-2-(2-aryl-1-indol-3-yl)ethan-1-ones. In contrast, the same catalytic system with the base NaHCO predominately provided 5-aryl-11-benzo[]carbazoles.

SuFEx Reaction-Driven Synthesis of New Cyclic Sulfonamide Derivatives With Insecticidal and Fungicidal Bioactivities.

A series of cyclic sulfonamides were synthesized through sulfur(VI) fluoride exchange (SuFEx) reactions as potential pesticide candidates. Among the 30 synthesized derivatives, bioassay screening revealed pronounced insecticidal activity against Plutella xylostella, with compound G30 demonstrating optimal efficacy (LC = 39.86 mg/L).

Record-breaking 2023 marine heatwaves.

The year 2023 witnessed an extraordinary surge in marine heatwaves (MHWs) across Earth's oceans, setting new records in duration, extent, and intensity, with MHW activity totaling 53.6 billion °C days square kilometer-more than three standard deviations above the historical norm since 1982. Notable events include the North Atlantic MHW (276-year return period) and the Southwest Pacific (141 years).

PointLLM-V2: Empowering Large Language Models to Better Understand Point Clouds.

The unprecedented advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown a profound impact on natural language processing but are yet to fully embrace the realm of 3D understanding. This paper introduces PointLLM, a preliminary effort to fill this gap, empowering LLMs to understand point clouds and offering a new avenue beyond 2D data. PointLLM understands colored object point clouds with human instructions, including coordinate-based part specifications, and generates contextually appropriate responses, illustrating its grasp of point clouds and common sense.

Ultralarge-Scale Synthesis of Uniformly Dispersive Ultrafine Copper Nanoparticles/Copper(II)-Benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate for Selective C2-Acylation of Indole with α-Oxocarboxylic Acids.

Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) are widely used in nanotechnology due to their cost-effectiveness and unique catalytic properties, yet their large-scale synthesis with high activity, stability, and practicality remains challenging. We present an efficient top-down strategy for ultralarge-scale synthesis of uniformly dispersed ultrafine copper nanoparticles/copper(II)-benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate (CuNPs/Cu-BTC or CuNPs/HKUST-1, HKUST = Hong Kong University of Science and Technology) using inexpensive copper powder under ambient conditions. Comprehensive characterization (X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis) confirmed the successful synthesis of the catalyst featuring 9 nm CuNPs (18% Cu content) uniformly anchored to the metal-organic frameworks (MOFs).

Construction and validation of consensus clustering-derived metabolism- and immune-associated genes model for prognosis prediction in cancer patients with liver metastases.

Liver metastasis (LM) is a cancer hallmark linked to poor prognosis and high mortality. Immune and metabolic shifts play critical roles in LM progression. This study aims to explore the prognostic value of immune- and metabolism-associated genes for LM and investigate their potential mechanisms.

Comparative study on the redox-responsive properties and antitumor efficacy of polyurethane nanocarriers with mono-, Di-, and trisulfide bonds.

Polyurethane (PU) is considered an ideal nanocarrier for drug delivery due to its excellent biocompatibility and efficient drug-loading capacity. Sulfur bonds (such as monosulfide, disulfide, and trisulfide bonds), have attracted considerable attention in drug delivery systems due to their redox-responsive properties. However, current research primarily focuses on the application of sulfur bonds in prodrug nanoassemblies, where designs rely on specific chemical conjugation groups, limiting their applicability to a narrow range of drug molecules and thus restricting broader utility.