Multi-loci phylogeny reveals unexpected novelty of the complex (Thelephoraceae, Thelephorales) from China.

is a well-known species morphologically characterized by coralloid and leathery basidiomata with numerous fuscous purple to blackish-brown branches. It was once considered to exhibit a wide ecological range and distribution area. However, comprehensive phylogenetic analysis based on four loci (ITS, nrLSU, , and nrSSU) revealed that represents a species complex consisting of at least 12 cryptic taxa, with a biogeographic distribution pattern bounded by geographic regions: Asia, Eurasia, Europe, and North America.

Research on Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity Mechanism and Its Forensic Application.

Doxorubicin is a commonly used antitumor drug for the treatment of various cancers. However, its clinical application is greatly restricted by its severe cardiotoxicity. At present, doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity is categorized into acute and chronic forms, depending on the dosage and duration of exposure, which may eventually lead to the occurrence of heart failure.

Rule of the pulse energy from ground-based lasers for the laser ablation propulsion in space.

For the laser ablation propulsion in space, the rule of the pulse energy from ground-based lasers is studied, in which both the complex beam propagation effects in the turbulent atmosphere of a real-world scenario and the momentum coupling of laser-matter interaction in space are considered. The analytical propagation formulae of laser beams in the turbulent atmosphere along a slant path are derived, and the fitting formula of optimized pulse width is obtained. In particular, the analytical rule of the pulse energy from ground-based lasers to reach the threshold and optimal momentum coupling of laser-matter interaction is derived.

SuFEx Reaction-Driven Synthesis of New Cyclic Sulfonamide Derivatives With Insecticidal and Fungicidal Bioactivities.

A series of cyclic sulfonamides were synthesized through sulfur(VI) fluoride exchange (SuFEx) reactions as potential pesticide candidates. Among the 30 synthesized derivatives, bioassay screening revealed pronounced insecticidal activity against Plutella xylostella, with compound G30 demonstrating optimal efficacy (LC = 39.86 mg/L).

Brassinosteroid-Mediated Resistance to Cobalt-Induced Toxicity by Regulating Hormonal Balance, Cellular Metabolism, and Antioxidant Defense in Maize.

Brassinosteroids (BRs) play an essential role in regulating plant metabolic pathways that influence growth, development, and stress responses. However, their role in alleviating cobalt (Co) stress has not been extensively studied. This research aimed to assess the impact of exogenous BRs (0.

Ancient hybridization drives arid adaptation and species diversification in Caragana (Fabaceae).

The genus Caragana (Fabaceae), comprising predominantly xerophytic shrubs, is ecologically important in arid ecosystems across Asia and Eastern Europe. Hybridization is increasingly recognized as a critical evolutionary mechanism, yet its role in arid adaptation and lineage diversification remains underexplored. Here, we test the hypothesis that ancient hybridization-facilitated ecological expansion and diversification in Caragana.

Confinement-Enhanced Core-Shell Avalanche Photodetectors.

Silicon-based avalanche photodetectors (Si-APDs) are promising candidates for complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible optoelectronic systems, leveraging their inherent multiplication mechanism to compensate for silicon's weak absorption at the near-infrared (NIR) range through advanced structural engineering. However, conventional free-space Si-APDs suffer from inevitable limitations, most notably spatially nonuniform avalanche triggering arising from stochastic carrier injection, excessive multiplication noise caused by unregulated avalanche paths, and surface recombination losses at heterojunction interfaces, which collectively constrain their development in emerging NIR detection. Herein, we construct and demonstrate a novel SiO-passivated Si nanowire (SiO-SiNW)/graphene confinement-enhanced photodetector, where vertical SiO-SiNWs function as a core-shell nanoresonator system.

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens HN11 enhances cowpea growth and systemic resistance to Spodoptera litura via JA/SA pathways and growth-mediated tolerance.

Background: Plant growth and development benefit from the contribution of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), which have a positive effect on plants by breaking down organic matter and synthesizing growth hormones. In addition, PGPR can stimulate plants to produce secondary metabolites, thereby enhancing its defense against pathogens and pests. To study the effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 8421 (HN11) on the promotion and induction of defense against pests in cowpea, the effects and mechanisms were determined on the basis of phenotypic traits and changes in the levels of defense enzymes and phytohormones in cowpea after application of HN11.

Transcriptome Analysis of Apple Leaves with Apple Necrotic Mosaic Virus-Associated Mosaic Symptoms.

Apple mosaic disease (AMD) is a widespread viral disease affecting apple-growing regions around the world. Recent studies have identified a novel ilarvirus, apple necrotic mosaic virus (ApNMV), as the major causal agent of AMD in China. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying AMD pathogenesis and the global gene expression changes during mosaic symptom development remain largely unknown.

DCLNet: Double Collaborative Learning Network on Stationary-Dynamic Functional Brain Network for Brain Disease Classification.

Stationary functional brain networks (sFBNs) and dynamic functional brain networks (dFBNs) derived from resting-state functional MRI characterize the complex interactions of the human brain from different aspects and could offer complementary information for brain disease analysis. Most current studies focus on sFBN or dFBN analysis, thus limiting the performance of brain network analysis. A few works have explored integrating sFBN and dFBN to identify brain diseases, and achieved better performance than conventional methods.

[IGSF11: A Novel Target for Cancer Immunotherapy].

Immune checkpoint blockade therapy has demonstrated remarkable efficacy in treating various malignancies; however, its clinical application remains challenged by low response rates and immune-related adverse events. Immunoglobulin superfamily member 11 (IGSF11), an inhibitory immune checkpoint molecule, serves as a specific ligand for the V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA). Through the IGSF11/VISTA axis, it suppresses T cell function and represents a promising novel target for cancer immunotherapy.

The intention and influencing factors of human papillomavirus vaccination among female students in the secondary vocational schools in East China: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the intention and influencing factors toward HPV vaccination among female students in secondary vocational schools in East China.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 500 female students aged 16-20 years from four secondary vocational schools in East China from September to December 2023. The information, including HPV and HPV vaccine-related knowledge questionnaire, family characteristics, attitudes toward premarital sex, information sources, and HPV vaccination or appointment status, was collected through an online questionnaire survey.

Nano-selenium mitigates arsenate toxicity in soybean roots by modulating phenylalanine and salicylic acid pathways.

Background: Soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill), a vital source of edible oil and protein, ranks seventh in global agricultural production, yet its productivity is significantly hindered by potential toxic metal/liods (PTM) stress. Arsenic (As), a highly toxic soil contaminant, poses substantial risks to both plants and humans, even at trace concentrations, particularly in China.

MSCSO: A Modified Sand Cat Swarm Algorithm for 3D UAV Path Planning in Complex Environments with Multiple Threats.

To improve the global search efficiency and dynamic adaptability of the Sand Cat Swarm Optimization (SCSO) algorithm for UAV path planning in complex 3D environments, this study proposes a Modified Sand Cat Swarm Optimization (MSCSO) algorithm by integrating chaotic mapping initialization, Lévy flight-Metropolis hybrid exploration mechanisms, simulated annealing-particle swarm hybrid exploitation strategies, and elite mutation techniques. These strategies not only significantly enhance the convergence speed while ensuring algorithmic precision but also provide effective avenues for enhancing the performance of SCSO. We successfully apply these modifications to UAV path planning scenarios in complex environments.

Guava root exudate-driven rhizosphere microorganisms changes transmitted to foliar-feeding insects influence their feeding behaviour.

The growth of different grafted guava was different as affected by grafting on different rootstock varieties, which also influenced the damage degree of Spodoptera litura larvae. The co-regulation of the pest gut by rhizosphere microorganisms and root exudates may contribute to this differential damage. In this study, the microorganisms of soil, plants, S.

N6-Methyladenosine Modification Regulates Prunus Necrotic Ringspot Virus Infection in .

N6-methyladenosine (mA) is a common epigenetic modification found in eukaryotic RNA. Recent studies have increasingly highlighted the importance of mA modification in plant defense against viruses. In this investigation, we found that prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) infection affected the mA modification process.

Ultralow-pressure mechanical-motion switching of ferroelectric polarization.

Ferroelectric polarization switching, achieved by mechanical forces, enables the storage of stress information in ferroelectrics and holds promise for human interface applications. The prevailing mechanical approach is locally induced flexoelectricity with large strain gradients. However, this approach usually requires huge mechanical forces, which greatly impede device applications.

Exosomes in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases: Recent Advances in Diagnostic Biomarkers and Therapeutic Applications.

Systemic autoimmune diseases (SADs) encompass a spectrum of organ involvement, clinical heterogeneity, and therapeutic challenges meriting significant research. These conditions involve the immune system mistakenly attacking and damaging multiple body tissues and organs, leading to chronic inflammation and damage. Exosomes are nanoscale extracellular vesicles secreted by cells that modulate intercellular communication and immunity.

Application of an environmentally friendly nanopesticide translocation system based on Metarhizium anisopliae: Using biodegradable chitosan nanopesticides to control Spodoptera frugiperda.

The widespread application of pesticides has resulted in considerable environmental and human health risks. As a result, there is increasing interest in nanopesticides as alternatives to conventional pesticides. This study employed a chemical cross-linking technology to prepare nanopesticides, encapsulating cyantraniliprole (Cya) within biodegradable chitosan (CS) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS), leading to the production of the nanopesticide CS/CMCS/Cya.

Climate-driven environmental filtering determines hump-shaped elevational pattern of seed plant beta diversity in the central Himalayas.

Understanding how and why assemblage dissimilarity changes along spatial gradient is a great challenge in ecology, because answers to these questions depend on the analytical types, dimensions, and components of beta diversity we concerned. To obtain a comprehensive understanding of assemblage dissimilarity and its implications for biodiversity conservation in the Himalayas, we explored the elevational patterns and determinants of beta diversity and its turnover and nestedness components of pairwise and multiple types and taxonomic and phylogenetic dimensions simultaneously. Patterns of beta diversity and their components of different types and dimensions were calculated based on 96 sampling quadrats along an 1800-5400 m elevational gradient.

Hop Stunt Viroid Expression and Host Responses in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Arabidopsis thaliana serves as an appealing model for viroid research, though prior infection trials have largely failed. Previous studies have shown that mature circular RNAs of certain viroids can be synthesised in A. thaliana via transgenic methods.

Insecticidal effect and mechanism of Metarhizium anisopliae ZHKUJGZ1 against Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).

The red imported fire ant (RIFA), Solenopsis invicta Buren, poses threats to biodiversity, public safety, agriculture, and the economy, especially as global trade expands its reach into China. To address this, researchers screened fungal isolates from soil in Dongguan City, Guangdong Province, aiming to develop a biopesticide against RIFA. Metarhizium anisopliae, known for its biocontrol potential, was identified as a candidate.

Comparative Chloroplast Genomics Reveals Intrageneric Divergence in .

As the most diverse genus of Salicaceae, is primarily distributed in the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere, encompassing 350-500 species worldwide. The genus's evolutionary history is complex due to significant genetic differentiation. Chloroplast genes, being highly conserved, serve as effective tools for studying uniparental inheritance and evolution.

FaNDUFB9 Attenuates Strawberry Mottle Virus Infection by Inhibiting the Activity of the Viral Gene Silencing Suppressor, Pro2Glu.

Strawberry mottle virus (SMoV) significantly compromises strawberry fruit quality and yield. The Pro2Glu protein of SMoV, an RNA silencing suppressor, is pivotal for viral infection; however, its interactions with host factors remain underexplored. This study identifies a critical interaction between SMoV Pro2Glu and strawberry NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 β subcomplex subunit 9 (FaNDUFB9).

Targeting FAK improves the tumor uptake of antibody-drug conjugates to strengthen the anti-cancer responses.

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), exemplified by HER2-targeted Enhertu and TROP2-targeted Trodelvy, have demonstrated significant therapeutic potential in cancers. However, a subset of patients remains refractory to ADC treatment, suggesting that the efficacy requires further optimization. Here, we demonstrate that excessive cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) can form a fibrotic barrier, impeding the tissue uptake of ADCs to dampen the anti-tumor efficacy.