Sedative and echocardiographic effects of intranasal or intramuscular administration of dexmedetomidine in healthy cats.

ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the sedative and echocardiographic effects of dexmedetomidine (DEX) administered via intranasal (IN) and intramuscular (IM) routes in cats.MethodsThis randomised, blinded crossover study involved eight healthy adult cats. Cats were randomly allocated to receive DEX 10 μg/kg via either the IN or IM routes.

Highly sensitive and selective ratiometric fluorescence detection of ATP using aptamer-functionalized FeO nanozymes with tunable activity.

Herein, a highly sensitive and selective ratiometric fluorescence platform was constructed for probing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for the first time by using magnetic FeO nanozymes that were modified by ATP-specific aptamer labeled with 7-Amino-4-methyl-3-coumarinylacetic acid (Apt-AMCA) to yield FeO@Apt-AMCA. It was discovered that the incorporation of Apt-AMCA greatly enhance the peroxidase-like activity of FeO nanozymes, which might catalyze more o-phenylenediamine (OPD) substrates into fluorescent oxidized OPD (DAP) with a emission of 560 nm. More importantly, upon ATP addition, Apt-AMCA could potentially be released from FeO@Apt-AMCA because of Apt-target binding and the competition between ATP and Apt.

Environmental factors have a greater influence on photosynthetic capacity in C plants than biochemical subtypes or growth forms.

Our understanding of how photosynthetic capacity varies among C species and across growth and measurement conditions remains limited. We collated 1696 CO response curves of net CO assimilation rate (A/C curves) from C species grown and measured at various environmental conditions and used these data to estimate the apparent maximum carboxylation activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (V) and CO-saturated net photosynthetic rate (A), two key parameters describing photosynthetic capacity. We examined how V and A vary with species-specific traits, growth and measurement conditions.

Altererythrobacter guangdongensis sp. nov. and Tsuneonella sediminis sp. nov., two novel carotenoid-producing species isolated from tidal flat sediment.

Four aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, and non-motile bacterial strains, designated SYSU HZ0097ᵀ, SYSU HZ0136, SYSU LHT278ᵀ, and SYSU LHT272, were isolated from tidal flat sediment collected in Zhuhai, China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences assigned all four strains to the family Erythrobacteraceae. Strains SYSU HZ0097ᵀ and SYSU HZ0136 showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (98.

Finding spatially variable ligand-receptor interactions with functional support from downstream genes.

Spatial transcriptomics has emerged as a groundbreaking tool for the study of intercellular ligand-receptor interactions (LRIs) that exhibit spatial variability. To identify spatially variable LRIs with activation evidence, we present SPIDER, which constructs cell-cell interaction interfaces constrained by cellular interaction capacity, and profiles and identifies spatially variable interaction (SVI) signals with support from downstream transcript factors via multiple probabilistic models. SPIDER demonstrates superior performance regarding accuracy, specificity, and spatial variance relative to existing methods.

Structural basis of peptide recognition and modulation for neuropeptide FF receptors.

Neuropeptide FF receptors 1 and 2 (NPFFR1 and NPFFR2) are RF-amide peptide receptors that couple to G proteins and regulate pain, opioid tolerance, and metabolism. Despite their physiological significance, their ligand selectivity and activation mechanisms remain unclear. Using cryoelectron microscopy, we resolved four NPFFR1 and NPFFR2 structures bound to NPFF or NPVF, revealing conserved C-terminal RF-amide interactions within the orthosteric pocket and N-terminal variations driving subtype specificity.

Direct Surface Pattern of Organic Crystals Based on Photoinduced Molecular Decomposition.

Lithography technology, as a key process, has been widely applied in the patterning treatment of inorganic crystals, thus providing important support for the manufacturing of electronic devices. However, it has been a challenge to pattern organic single crystals, as they are fragile and soluble in the solvents used in conventional methods. Addressing these limitations, we develop a direct photolithography strategy for patterning organic single crystals of 5-((9-ethyl-9-carbazol-3-yl)methylene)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione (5-CY MD), 2,2-dimethyl-5-(pyren-1-ylmethylene)-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione (5-PYMD), and ()-2,2-dimethyl-5-(3-(10-phenylanthracen-9-yl)allylidene)-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione (5- PAYAD) without compromising structural integrity.

Research progress and future perspectives of prodrug strategies for immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer immunotherapy.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have emerged as a major milestone in cancer immunotherapy. However, their clinical application is limited by significant inter-individual differences in efficacy, the development of resistance, and immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Prodrugs are specially designed to be activated within the tumor microenvironment and release their active components.

Inferring causal trajectories from spatial transcriptomics using CASCAT.

Spatial trajectory inference models cell differentiation and state dynamics within tissues by integrating spatial information. Existing spatial trajectory inference methods depend on similarity-based cell graphs constructed from spatial proximity, with less attention to the Markovian property in cell state transitions. In this study, we introduce CASCAT, a tree-shaped structural causal model with the Markovian property integrated to infer a unique cell differentiation trajectory, addressing challenges posed by Markov equivalence in high-dimensional and nonlinear data.

Divergent Microbial Metabolic Limitations Across Soil Depths After Two Decades of High Nitrogen Inputs in a Primary Tropical Forest.

Soil microorganisms play an important role in soil biogeochemical cycles and ecosystem stability. Elevated atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition has greatly accelerated terrestrial N cycling processes and altered elemental stoichiometry of substrates, leading to changes in soil microbial metabolic limitation. However, it remains unclear how soil microbial metabolic limitation responds to long-term N additions in highly weathered tropical forests.

Dual-functionality of Nocardiopsis alba B57 in biocontrol and plant growth: a metabolomic approach to agricultural sustainability.

The increasing incidence of fungal phytopathogens poses a significant challenge to agricultural sustainability, necessitating the development of environmental alternatives to synthetic fungicides and mitigating their ecological impact. This study explores the efficiency of Nocardiopsis alba B57 to produce secondary metabolites with antifungal and plant growth-promoting properties. Untargeted metabolomics using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC-MS/MS) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses identified key metabolites (e.

Molecular Mechanism by Which the BrFIT2-BrbHLH-BrIRT1 Module Synergistically Regulates Iron Absorption in Brassica rapa ssp. Pekinensis.

Iron is essential for plant photosynthesis and human health, yet Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis exhibits significantly lower iron content compared to other leafy vegetables, and its iron uptake mechanisms are not well understood. This study elucidates the molecular mechanisms governing iron uptake by investigating the roles of the iron-regulated gene BrFIT2 (Bra011972) and the iron transport protein gene BrIRT1 (Bra013419) through yeast two-hybrid, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, genetic transformation and physiological-biochemical analyses, etc.

PuMYB12 regulates the accumulation of fruit acid the rich-flavor of 'Nanhong' pear is due to PuMYB12 affecting the expression of PuVHA-G1-LIKE and PuNADP-ME.

The elevated sugar and acid levels contribute to the rich flavor of fruits and enhance their commercial values. Our previous research demonstrated that the 'Nanhong' pear, a bud sport of the 'Nanguo' pear, exhibits a higher sugar content. In the present study, we examined the acid content in two cultivars of Ussurian pears (Pyrus ussuriensis) and discovered that the 'Nanhong' pear also possesses a higher acid content.

Laminectomy and laminoplasty hybrid decompression versus laminectomy with lateral mass screw fixation for degenerative cervical myelopathy: a propensity score-matched study.

Objective: To compare the clinical and radiological outcomes between posterior laminectomy and laminoplasty hybrid decompression and laminectomy with lateral mass screw fixation in multilevel degenerative cervical myelopathy.

Methods: A total of 158 patients for multilevel degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) undergoing surgical treatment were enrolled in this study from May 2018 to December 2023, including 97 patients who underwent posterior laminectomy and laminoplasty hybrid decompression (PLLDH) and 61 patients treated with posterior lateral mass screw fixation (PLMSF). To minimize potential confounding factors, propensity score matching was employed for inter-group comparison.

Transcription factor BrEFM negatively regulates flowering time in Chinese cabbage.

Flowering represents a critical developmental transition in plants. In Chinese cabbage, precise regulation of flowering time is especially vital for optimizing yield and quality. In Chinese cabbage, BrEFM and many genes annotated as flowering-related are specifically expressed in leaf veins.

Efficacy of a non-recombinant NADC34-like PRRSV-2 vaccine candidate against a recombinant NADC34-like PRRSV-2 isolate.

NADC34-like porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 2 (NADC34-like PRRSV-2) has become prevalent in Chinese swine herds. However, current commercial vaccines only provide limited cross-protection against NADC34-like PRRSV-2 infection. In our previous study, we developed the infectious clone (rBJ1805-2) of a non-recombinant NADC34-like PRRSV-2 BJ1805-2 isolate and identified the GP2a 91/97/98 amino acid substitutions (from "TMF" to "VVL" pattern) as a sufficient and necessary determinant for its Marc-145 cell tropism.

Precise Identification and Analysis of Maize Germplasm Resistance to Ear Rot Caused by Six Species.

Maize ( L.) is one of the most important crops worldwide, but ear rot poses a significant threat to its production. Diverse pathogens cause ear rot in China, with spp.

Real-time maritime skylight polarization pattern measurement and robust polarization navigation.

Skylight polarization patterns, generated by sunlight scattering in the Earth's atmosphere, serve as an under-utilized source of directional information for navigation. This study addresses the challenges of maritime polarization navigation, including vessel tilt, cloud interference, and structural obstructions, by developing a gyro-stabilized division of focal plane (DOFP) polarization imaging system and a robust polarization compass orientation algorithm. The system captures high-resolution polarization images across multiple spectral bands (410-870 nm), with optimal polarization detection identified in the 450-500 nm range.

Terahertz broadband achromatic focusing vortices.

In this paper, we propose to combine an achromatic lens phase and a spiral phase in the metadevice phase profile to achieve terahertz (THz) broadband achromatic focusing vortices in the frequency range from 0.8 THz to 1.3 THz.

Additive manufacturing of planar waveguides for terahertz applications.

The emerging planar photonic crystal (PC) and effective medium (EM) waveguides are considered promising technical platforms for terahertz communications. Beyond short-scale connections and various signal processing functionalities, versatile terahertz on-chip systems could be achievable by their physical integration; however, the inefficient coupling poses challenges. In this work, we propose an interface design between planar PC and EM waveguides with minimal insertion loss.

Selective conversion of CO to CH in pure water photocatalyzed by fluorobenzene-linked perylene diimide.

Photochemical CO conversion to valuable C products is desirable but challenging due to high C-C coupling barriers. This study constructs an acceptor-donor-acceptor type N, N'-bis(4-fluorophenyl) perylene-3,4,9,10-bis(dicarboximide)-supramolecular photocatalyst for efficiently and selectively photo-converting CO and water vapor into CH, achieving a high production rate of 124.84 μmol g h with 85% selectivity under continuous 50-hour illumination.

Research on motion tracking and impact force detection of flying objects.

Our research primarily focuses on the detection methods for motion parameters and collision impact forces of flying objects. Firstly, we established a system designed to measure motion parameters and collision impact forces associated with airborne objects. A calibration experiment was performed on the binocular camera to guarantee swift and precise image capture across different flight modes of the object.

Drought does not mitigate reductions in soybean photosynthesis and yield caused by elevated ozone.

The co-occurrence of elevated tropospheric ozone concentrations and drought in agricultural regions is anticipated to increase with climate change. Both stressors negatively impact leaf photosynthetic capacity and stomatal conductance, contributing to reductions in biomass and yield. The interaction of ozone and drought stress is complex and under-researched, particularly in field settings.

F11r Deficiency-Mediated Disruption of Crosstalk Between Decidual Epithelial Cells and Macrophages is Detrimental to Female Pregnancy.

Complex intercellular interactions occur at the maternal-fetal interface during pregnancy. Human uterine decidual epithelial cells play a crucial role in maternal immune tolerance and placental development. Macrophages are major cells at the maternal-fetal interface regulating tissue remodeling and immune response.

Interactions between islet-resident macrophages and β cells in diabetes.

In diabetes, islet-resident macrophages (IRMs) and β cells engage in multifaceted interactions through diverse signaling pathways and cell-cell contact within the islet microenvironment, jointly shaping both homeostasis and disease progression. This review first outlines the origin, renewal dynamics, and phenotypic heterogeneity of IRMs, highlighting their essential roles in maintaining metabolic and immunological homeostasis under physiological conditions. We then emphasize the dual role of IRMs in type 1 and type 2 diabetes (T1DM and T2DM): in T1DM, they drive autoimmunity via antigen presentation and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion; in T2DM, metabolic stress induces M1 polarization, exacerbating β cell dysfunction and dedifferentiation.