Nanoconfinement-enhanced lanthanum-biochar composites for simultaneous adsorption and catalytic hydrolysis of organic phosphorus pollutants.

The simultaneous removal of organic phosphorus pollutants (e.g., phosphonates and organophosphate esters (OPEs)) in aquatic systems remains a critical challenge due to their persistence and contribution to eutrophication.

Immunotherapy in Melanoma.

This chapter explores systemic treatment strategies for cutaneous melanoma across neoadjuvant, adjuvant, and Stage IV settings. Neoadjuvant therapy aims to reduce tumor burden pre-surgery, primarily using immune checkpoint inhibitors like nivolumab plus ipilimumab, showing promising response rates. Adjuvant therapy, post-resection, leverages immunotherapy (e.

Optimizing Photovoltaic Performance through Functional End-Capping Units of Polymer Donor Materials.

Advancing the photovoltaic performances of organic solar cells (OSCs) is vital for commercialization. High-performance OSC active layers commonly comprise polymer donors and small molecule acceptors. Enhanced crystallinity, ordered molecular packing, and strong intermolecular interactions in polymer donors can improve carrier mobility and photovoltaic performance.

The ATF4-glutamine axis: a central node in cancer metabolism, stress adaptation, and therapeutic targeting.

At the center of tumor(neoplasm) metabolic adaptation lies activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), a key regulator that orchestrates Glutamine (Gln) uptake, utilization, and redox balance under conditions of nutrient deprivation and oxidative stress. This review explores how ATF4 integrates environmental and cellular stress signals to drive Gln metabolic processes, enabling tumor survival, metabolic reprogramming, and immune evasion. The ATF4-Gln axis emerges as a pivotal vulnerability in cancer metabolic processes.

Conjugate-dual clusters.

Discovery of clusters with high symmetrical geometry, such as C60 fullerene, always attracts lots of interest because of their diverse nature. However, most of such interesting clusters were sporadically discovered; is there any systematic method to explore all possible high symmetrical clusters? Herein, we propose an idea to systematically construct high symmetrical structures based on a novel conjugate-dual (co-dual) concept. A co-dual structure would be constructed by conjugately combining one high symmetrical polyhedron and its corresponding dual.

Enhancement of spectral performance in gadolinium-based BEUV sources by supplying pre-formed plasma with cavity-confined targets.

Gadolinium laser-produced plasma (Gd-LPP) represents a promising BEUV lithography light source for future semiconductor manufacturing. In this work, we seek to further enhance the Gd-LPP spectral performance by integrating a cavity-confined target with the existing dual-pulse laser scheme. By regulating the pre-formed plasma with the cavity-confined target, a higher level of spectral purity was achieved in comparison to the flat target, reaching a maximum of 4.

Square-LFRF: high-speed light field 3D source generation using anti-aliasing virtual views synthesis based on neural radiance fields.

Light field 3D display based on integral imaging allows for glasses-free 3D perceptions by providing parallaxes in two dimensions. The light field 3D sources serve as the data source, which are merged from several parallax images. However, with the sharp increase in the number of viewpoints, both the speed and quality of generating light field 3D sources are limited.

Boosting Tandem Nitrate-to-Ammonia Electrocatalysis via Phosphorus-Induced Active Hydrogen Modulation.

The electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction (NORR) offers a sustainable route for ammonia synthesis while addressing nitrate pollution, yet it faces challenges such as sluggish kinetics, competing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and poor selectivity under high current densities. Herein, we report a phosphorus-doped Co(OH)/Cu nanowire (P-Co(OH)/Cu NW) tandem catalyst engineered via in situ reconstruction, which achieves exceptional NORR performance through synergistic dual-site mechanisms. The Cu phase promotes NO adsorption and activation, Co(OH) facilitates ammonia formation, while P doping induces water dissociation to generate *H for hydrogenation instead of H evolution.

Charting the future of AL amyloidosis: Diagnostic advancements, prognostic insights, and therapeutic challenges.

Light-chain (AL) amyloidosis is a clonal plasma cell dyscrasias, which leads to abnormal dermatologic, musculoskeletal, connective tissue manifestations, and the progressive multi-organ dysfunction. Currently, the diagnostic workflow for AL amyloidosis remains complex and resource-intensive, highlighting the need for novel diagnostic approaches to expedite the process, optimize resource utilization, and reduce diagnostic delays. Furthermore, prognostic evaluation in AL amyloidosis also requires continuous refinement to align with evolving diagnostic and therapeutic advancements.

Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of the antibacterial mechanism of Rhizoma Coptidis extract against Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 35984.

Background: Biofilm formation is a key virulence factor in Staphylococcus epidermidis. Rhizoma Coptidis, the medicinal root of Coptis chinensis, has been traditionally used in Chinese medicine for its broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties.

Results: This study investigated the antibacterial and anti-biofilm effects of Rhizoma Coptidis extract against S.

Elucidating nitrate sources in a karst watershed: Integrating isotope techniques, hydrochemical methods, and Bayesian model.

Karst-dominated watersheds, characterized by complex interactions between surface water and groundwater systems, face significant challenges in managing nitrate (NO) pollution. Despite the critical importance of this issue, the contributions and driving factors of NO pollution sources in karst watersheds remain poorly understood. This study presented a comprehensive assessment of NO sources in the Puzhehei watershed, a distinctive karst landscape, by integrating multiple analytical approaches: stable isotope analysis (δN-NO and δO-NO), hydrochemical data, and a Bayesian isotope mixing model.

Ferroptosis: a double-edged sword that enhances radiation sensitivity and facilitates radiation-induced injury in tumors.

Cell death is a crucial mechanism by which radiotherapy eliminates tumor cells. Ferroptosis, characterized by intracellular iron overload and lipid peroxidation, represents a distinct form of programmed cell death. Recent research has demonstrated that numerous malignant tumors exhibit high sensitivity to ferroptosis.

Sequence characteristics, expression pattern, ovarian maintenance function and action mechanism of SIRT1 in Chlamys farreri.

SIRT1 (silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1), a histone deacetylase in Sirtuin family, regulates ovarian development and aging in higher mammals, but its role in invertebrates remains unexplored. This study investigated SIRT1 in the scallop Chlamys farreri. Its 2382 bp CDS (coding sequence) encodes 793 amino acids with the NTERM activation motif, the catalytic activity center and the ESA domain.

The HD-ZIP I transcription factor ClLL1 regulates lobed leaf development through the auxin pathway in watermelon.

Watermelon exhibits deeply lobed leaves, distinct from its close cucurbit relatives such as melon and cucumber. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying lobed-leaf development in watermelon remain elusive. In this study, we successfully delimited the lobed-leaf regulatory gene, ClLL1, into a 29.

A Simple and Efficient Method for the Robust Expansion of Human ILC2s to Prevent Acute GvHD.

Reconstitution of stem cells and enhancement of the barrier function of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is critical to the resolution of intestinal acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD). Previously, our group has shown in murine models that type II innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) cells generate proteins in the GI tract that enhanced GI tract barrier function and diminished the expansion and function of pro-inflammatory donor cells when given to allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients. Therefore, the infusion of donor ILC2 cells could treat or prevent GI tract acute GvHD, but for this approach to be clinically applicable, robust expansion of a homogenous population of human ILC2 cells is needed.

Anti-Inflammatory Activity and Mechanism of Stearic Acid Extract From Purslane.

Purslane, as a traditional edible and medicinal herb, has been proven to have good anti-inflammatory activity. In this study, it was clarified that stearic acid was the main anti-inflammatory substance in purslane and could decrease the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.

Calculus at the duct orifice of the submandibular gland in a patient with an edentulous jaw: A case report and literature review.

Rationale: The intricate and uncontrollable etiology of sialolithiasis compels clinicians to focus solely on disease management, often overlooking the underlying causes of sialolithiasis and neglecting patient education regarding preventive measures. The use of the multidisciplinary Salivary Gland Association questionnaire enables the identification of benign salivary gland lesions and evaluation of patients' quality of life.

Patient Concerns: Wanting to remove foreign body from the bottom of the right lower side of the mouth.

EDIL3 regulates pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration via integrin αVβ3/ERK1/2 axis in pulmonary hypertension.

The abnormal expression of matricellular proteins involved in pulmonary vascular remodelling can accelerate the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Epidermal growth factor-like repeats and discoidin I-like domains 3 (EDIL3) is a matrix protein associated with the onset and progression of various diseases, yet its role in PH remains unexamined. This research aims to assess the expression of EDIL3 in PH and to investigate its underlying mechanisms in the condition.

Predicting abnormal epicardial adipose tissue in psoriasis patients by integrating radiomics from non-contrast chest CT with serological biomarkers.

Background: Psoriasis patients frequently present with cardiovascular comorbidities, which maybe associated with abnormal epicardial adipose tissue (EAT). This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of radiomics features derived from non-contrast chest CT (NCCT) combined with serological parameters for identifying abnormal EAT in psoriasis.

Methods: In this retrospective case-control study, we enrolled consecutive psoriasis patients who underwent chest NCCT between September 2021 and February 2024, along with a matched healthy control group.

AI-based large-scale screening of gastric cancer from noncontrast CT imaging.

Early detection through screening is critical for reducing gastric cancer (GC) mortality. However, in most high-prevalence regions, large-scale screening remains challenging due to limited resources, low compliance and suboptimal detection rate of upper endoscopic screening. Therefore, there is an urgent need for more efficient screening protocols.

Revolutionizing Satellite Real-Time Air Pollution Alerts through New On-Orbit System-on-Chip Technology.

Exposure to abnormally high concentrations of particulate matter and ozone can cause severe harm to human health, highlighting the need for real-time satellite monitoring to enable rapid responses and timely warnings. However, the existing methods for on-orbit diagnostics under resource constraints are limited. This study presents SoC-POM (System-on-Chip for Particulate Matter and Ozone Monitoring), a real-time, on-orbit artificial intelligence algorithm embedded in satellites and designed to detect anomalous concentrations of PM, PM, and O.

Efficacy of a single low dose of esketamine for patients with irritable bowel syndrome: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: As a disorder of gut-brain interaction, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common reason for patient visits in primary and specialist care settings. IBS is associated with recurrent abdominal pain, altered bowel habit, resulting in alternating constipation and diarrhoea, bloating, without serious organic diseases. The bidirectional relationship between IBS and psychological factor is also complex.

Acute kidney injury through a metabolic lens: pathological reprogramming mechanisms and clinical translation potential.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) represents a clinical syndrome with a bleak short-term prognosis, posing a high risk for the development of chronic kidney diseases and end-stage kidney disease. The underlying mechanisms of AKI are still not fully understood, and effective intervention strategies remain elusive. Enormous energy is required to meet the functional activity in hypermetabolic tubular epithelial cells (TECs), the most vulnerable cell types during AKI.

Divergent radiative forcing of fine-mode aerosols across tree genera during wildfires in North America and Europe.

Rising global temperatures have escalated wildfire frequency, and the resulting fine-mode aerosol emissions pose a significant threat to the global ecosystem. However, how these emissions vary with tree genera remains largely unexplored. In this study, we introduce an innovative deep learning model to precisely retrieve satellite-based fine-mode aerosol optical depth (fAOD) data from 2003 to 2023.

Circ-myh8/KAT7 Affects PANoptosis in Pulmonary Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells: Involvement of Super-Enhancers in FOSL2 Expression.

Background: Pulmonary hypertension is a pathophysiological condition characterized by multiple forms of regulated cell death. PANoptosis, which is an inflammation-driven mode of regulated cell death, is regulated by the PANoptosome. Super-enhancers (SEs) have been implicated in the pathology of pulmonary hypertension by modulating the transcriptional regulation of target genes.