Oxygen regulates the interfacial charge transfer rate at the semiconductor-promoter interface to promote the selective oxidation of anhydrous methanol.

In the field of photoelectrocatalysis, the interfacial charge transfer rate at the semiconductor/solvent interface is a key factor restricting the efficiency of selective oxidation of anhydrous methanol and the selectivity of products. This study focuses on the effect of a regulatory mechanism of oxygen and a metal co-catalyst on the interfacial charge transfer kinetics. Through theoretical modeling and experimental verification, the influence of these factors on the photoelectrocatalytic reaction pathways is revealed.

Lumpy skin disease virus ORF142 suppresses the cGAS/STING-mediated IFN-I pathway through NBR1-mediated STING autophagic degradation.

Lumpy skin disease (LSD), caused by the Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), poses a significant threat to the global cattle farming industry. Viral proteins evolved the ability to escape host immune responses. Here, we demonstrate that LSDV infection inhibits interferon-β (IFN-β) production in Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells, even in the presence of Sendai virus (SEV) inducers.

Pharmacokinetics and safety evaluation of anemoside B4 in healthy Beagle dogs.

Background: Anemoside B4 (AB4), a pentacyclic triterpenoid saponin extracted from the traditional Chinese medicinal herb , has shown anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects in both preclinical and clinical studies. However, pharmacokinetic and safety data in dogs remain limited. This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, and safety of AB4 in healthy Beagle dogs.

Effect of acupuncture and massage on adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and pain severity.

Objective: To explore the impact of acupuncture and massage on adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and its influence on pain degree.

Methods: One hundred and sixteen adolescent patients with idiopathic scoliosis treated from January 2021 to December 2023 were chosen to be the study objects, followed by dividing into control group and observation group. The control group received brace correction combined posture training.

Host cellular protein RAB33B facilitates influenza viral replication and modulates M2 trafficking by enhancing autophagy.

Influenza A virus (IAV) remains a major global health threat. Its M2 protein plays crucial roles in viral fusion, transportation, assembly, and release. Recent studies have shown that IAV impairs host autophagy flux to enhance viral replication.

BVDV antagonizes the antiviral activity of MDA5 by promoting its degradation via CCDC50-dependent selective autophagy.

Bovine viral diarrhea-mucosal disease (BVD-MD), caused by bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), is a major infectious disease affecting the cattle industry. The nonstructural protein NS4B of BVDV has been shown to induce autophagy and antagonize the expression of the host innate immune sensor MDA5. However, the precise mechanism underlying NS4B-mediated suppression of MDA5 remains unclear.

Revolutionizing Satellite Real-Time Air Pollution Alerts through New On-Orbit System-on-Chip Technology.

Exposure to abnormally high concentrations of particulate matter and ozone can cause severe harm to human health, highlighting the need for real-time satellite monitoring to enable rapid responses and timely warnings. However, the existing methods for on-orbit diagnostics under resource constraints are limited. This study presents SoC-POM (System-on-Chip for Particulate Matter and Ozone Monitoring), a real-time, on-orbit artificial intelligence algorithm embedded in satellites and designed to detect anomalous concentrations of PM, PM, and O.

Divergent radiative forcing of fine-mode aerosols across tree genera during wildfires in North America and Europe.

Rising global temperatures have escalated wildfire frequency, and the resulting fine-mode aerosol emissions pose a significant threat to the global ecosystem. However, how these emissions vary with tree genera remains largely unexplored. In this study, we introduce an innovative deep learning model to precisely retrieve satellite-based fine-mode aerosol optical depth (fAOD) data from 2003 to 2023.

Establishment of a multiplex qPCR assay for the detection of pathogens associated with bovine respiratory disease complex.

Introduction: The bovine respiratory disease complex poses a significant threat to the cattle industry, necessitating a multifaceted approach to address its occurrence. The syndrome is caused by various pathogens such as bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (BPIV3), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine adenovirus type 3 (BAV3), (Mb), and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV). The confluence of these pathogens causes substantial economic losses to the cattle industry.

Lumpy skin disease virus ORF142 protein inhibits type I interferon production by disrupting interactions of TBK1 and IRF3.

Background: Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) causes lumpy skin disease, which is one of the most devastating ruminant diseases. The pathogenesis of the disease remains largely unknown; however, the disease seriously threatens the global cattle-farming industry. In our previous study, we found that LSDV 142 gene deletion affected LSDV proliferation in cells and was an early gene involved in LSDV infection.

Immunotoxicity of aristolochic acid I on early zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos.

Aristolochic acids (AAs) are active constituents of many traditional Chinese medicinal herbs. While AAs are known to induce cytotoxicity and pathological changes, such as tissue fibrosis, their specific impact on the immune system remains to be fully elucidated. This investigation used zebrafish as a model animal to evaluate the effects of aristolochic acid I (AAI), the main component of AAs, on the development and function of the early immune system.

Reduction of microRNA-221 in BVDV infection enhances viral replication by targeting the ATG7-mediated autophagy pathway.

Background: Bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD), a condition triggered by bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), is recognized globally as a prevalent pathogen among ruminants and markedly affects the economics of animal husbandry. MicroRNAs, a class of small noncoding RNAs, play pivotal roles in regulating a myriad of biological processes.The ATG7-LC3 pathway, a canonical autophagy mechanism, is integral in defending against pathogenic invasion and maintaining cellular homeostasis.

Efficacy and safety of anemoside B4 in canine pneumonia treatment: a prospective, randomized controlled trial.

Background: Canine pneumonia is a serious respiratory disease often associated with Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease (CIRD). Current treatment strategies primarily rely on antibiotics and corticosteroids; however, the emergence of antibiotic resistance and potential side effects from prolonged corticosteroid use limit the effectiveness of these therapies in clinical practice. These challenges highlight the urgent need for alternative treatments.

HSF1 Mediates Palmitic Acid-Disrupted Lipid Metabolism and Inflammatory Response by Maintaining Endoplasmic Reticulum Homeostasis in Fish.

Fish oil (FO) is being progressively replaced by palm oil (PO), which is rich in palmitic acid (PA). However, our understanding of the effects of PA on fish and the underlying molecular mechanisms remains limited. Heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) is a critical transcription factor involved in stress response, but whether it responds to the effects of PA in fish remains unknown.

Activation of prep expression by Tet2 promotes the proliferation of bipotential progenitor cells during liver regeneration.

Biliary epithelial cell (BEC)-derived liver regeneration in zebrafish exhibits similarities to liver regeneration in chronic liver injury. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we identified a serine peptidase called prolyl endopeptidase (Prep) as an indispensable factor during the BEC-derived liver regeneration process.

Recycling red mud with raw coal to low-cost Fe/C/ceramic composite for efficient microwave absorption.

To solve the urgent issue of electromagnetic (EM) wave radiation pollution and promote the resource utilisation of red mud (RM, a solid waste), Fe/C/ceramic composite EM wave-absorbing materials were constructed by recycling RM with raw coal (RC) through simple mechanical mixing and then carbothermal reduction between FeO in RM and carbon component in RC. It was found that the calcined temperature of 900 °C can be considered the optimal formation temperature for Fe. In addition, a tuneable EM wave absorption performance could be attained by regulating the mass ratio of RC to RM (denoted as :).

Dual α-globin-truncated erythropoietin receptor knockin restores hemoglobin production in α-thalassemia-derived erythroid cells.

The most severe form of α-thalassemia results from loss of all four copies of α-globin. Postnatally, patients face challenges similar to β-thalassemia, including severe anemia and erythrotoxicity due to the imbalance of β-globin and α-globin chains. Despite progress in genome editing treatments for β-thalassemia, there is no analogous curative option for α-thalassemia.

Dimethomorph induces heart and vascular developmental defects by disrupting thyroid hormone in zebrafish embryos.

Dimethomorph (DMT) is a widely-used selective active fungicide that effectively controls downy mildew, crown rot, and late blight in crops. The extensive application of DMT raises concerns about its ecological impact on non-target organisms in the environment. However, there is limited understanding of the toxicological properties of DMT on these organisms.

Graphene-Wrapped Magnetic Multichamber TiCT Spheres for Stable Broadband Microwave Absorption.

Two-dimensional transition metal carbides/nitrides (MXenes) have aroused widespread interest in the field of microwave absorption because of their unique layered structures. However, the inherent aggregation, poor impedance matching, and low chemical stability of MXenes inevitably obstruct their practical applications. Herein, a multichamber FeO/TiCT@reduced graphene oxide (FT@RGO) hierarchical structure was constructed through self-assembly and sacrificial template strategies where the TiCT nanosheets were assembled into hollow microspheres that were decorated with FeO nanospheres and wrapped by RGO nanosheets.

Substantial Underestimation of Fine-Mode Aerosol Loading from Wildfires and Its Radiative Effects in Current Satellite-Based Retrievals over the United States.

Wildfires generate abundant smoke primarily composed of fine-mode aerosols. However, accurately measuring the fine-mode aerosol optical depth (fAOD) is highly uncertain in most existing satellite-based aerosol products. Deep learning offers promise for inferring fAOD, but little has been done using multiangle satellite data.

Enhancement of erythropoietic output by Cas9-mediated insertion of a natural variant in haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells.

Some gene polymorphisms can lead to monogenic diseases, whereas other polymorphisms may confer beneficial traits. A well-characterized example is congenital erythrocytosis-the non-pathogenic hyper-production of red blood cells-that is caused by a truncated erythropoietin receptor. Here we show that Cas9-mediated genome editing in CD34 human haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) can recreate the truncated form of the erythropoietin receptor, leading to substantial increases in erythropoietic output.