Whole exome sequencing identifies novel somatic variants in Xinjiang Kazak esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

The incidence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is increasing globally. Notably, in Xinjiang, China, ESCC patients have garnered significant attention due to their unique epidemiological characteristics. Specifically, the mortality rate of Xinjiang Kazakh ESCC (referred to as XK ESCC) is substantially higher than the national average in China.

Dual-faced CXCL5 holds the key to unlocking immunotherapy in obese pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the deadliest malignancies, characterized by a profoundly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and resistance to immunotherapy. Obesity, a modifiable risk factor that increases PDAC incidence, exacerbates this immune evasion through metabolic inflammation and adipokine-driven signaling. Recent studies have implicated CXC chemokines, particularly CXCL5, as central mediators in shaping the immune landscape of PDAC.

Multi-omics derivation of a core gene signature for predicting therapeutic response and characterizing immune dysregulation in inflammatory bowel disease.

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) presents unpredictable therapeutic responses and complex immune dysregulation. Current precision medicine approaches lack robust molecular tools integrating transcriptomic signatures with immune dynamics for personalized treatment guidance.

Methods: We performed multi-omics analyses of GEO datasets using machine learning algorithms (LASSO/Random Forest) to derive a four-gene signature.

Microbiome-metabolome generated bile acids gatekeep infliximab efficacy in Crohn's disease by licensing M1 suppression and Treg dominance.

Introduction: Despite the effectiveness of infliximab in treating Crohn's disease (CD), up to 40 % of patients fail to respond adequately.

Objectives: This study aimed to identify predictive biomarkers of primary non-response to infliximab in treatment-naïve CD patients by characterizing baseline gut microbiome-metabolome interactions and to validate their mechanistic role in driving therapeutic resistance.

Methods: In a prospective cohort of 100 CD patients initiating infliximab therapy and 49 healthy controls, we performed longitudinal 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics on pre-/post-treatment fecal samples.

Signal integrity research of high-speed interconnection systems based on scattering parameters.

As an important characteristic of a signal transmission network, scattering parameters can accurately reflect the signal transmission situation. By establishing a circuit model based on scattering parameters for the signal path unit, studying the signal attenuation and reflection curves of components including transmission lines, transmission media, vias, high-speed connectors, and transceiver termination devices, a circuit simulation model completely based on scattering parameters is proposed. This model can be parametrically adjusted according to the requirements of actual circuit implementation, and accurately reflect the high-speed signal transmission quality of the final circuit.

Deciphering molecular pathways in urological cancers: A gateway to precision therapeutics.

Background: Urological cancers, including prostate, kidney, bladder, testicular, and penile cancers, pose a significant health challenge, particularly in their metastatic stages. Surgical interventions remain fundamental, but recent advancements in medical therapies like chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapies have shown promise in improving patient outcomes.

Aim Of Review: This review aims to explore the current landscape of targeted therapies in urological cancers, focusing on the role of key signaling pathways such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), mechanistic (mammalian) target of rapamycin (mTOR), growth factor-related mechanisms, c-Mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (c-Met)/hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), programmed cell death protein 1 and its ligand programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1), and steroid hormone receptor pathways in tumor progression and therapeutic resistance.

An Analysis for IDH-Mutant Grade 4 Astrocytoma Based on WHO CNS 5: Implication of Clinical Practice.

Purpose: There is ongoing debate regarding the therapeutic approach and prognosis for IDH-mutant grade 4 astrocytoma, a newly defined subtype of diffuse glioma in the 2021 WHO classification system for central nervous system tumors (WHO CNS 5). The aim of this study was to explore the clinical outcome and prognosticators for newly diagnosed IDH-mutant grade 4 astrocytoma based on our single institutional data.

Methods: This retrospective analysis included 53 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed IDH-mutant grade 4 astrocytoma, who underwent radiotherapy between September 2021 and December 2023.

Next-generation immunotherapeutic approaches for blood cancers: Exploring the efficacy of CAR-T and cancer vaccines.

Recent advancements in immunotherapy, particularly Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy and cancer vaccines, have significantly transformed the treatment landscape for leukemia. CAR-T cell therapy, initially promising in hematologic cancers, faces notable obstacles in solid tumors due to the complex and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Challenges include the heterogeneous immune profiles of tumors, variability in antigen expression, difficulties in therapeutic delivery, T cell exhaustion, and reduced cytotoxic activity at the tumor site.

Gut microbiota and their influence in brain cancer milieu.

Microbial communities are not simply remnants of the past but dynamic entities that continuously evolve under the selective pressures of nature, reflecting the intricate and adaptive processes of evolution. The microbiota residing in the various regions of the human body has numerous roles in different physiological processes such as nutrition, metabolism, immune regulation, etc. In the zeal of achieving empirical insights into the ambit of the gut microbiome, the research over the years led to the revelation of reciprocal interaction between the gut microbiome and the cognitive functioning of the human body.

Chemoradiation treatment with or without concurrent tumor-treating fields (TTFields) therapy in newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM) patients in China.

Background: Tumor-treating fields (TTFields) therapy and radiotherapy may have synergistic anti-glioma effect based on preclinical studies. The combination of chemoradiation therapy (CRT) with TTFields therapy has noticeably attracted clinicians' attention. This study aimed to provide insights into the clinical outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma who received either concurrent CRT and TTFields therapy or adjuvant TTFields therapy following CRT.

Recycling red mud with raw coal to low-cost Fe/C/ceramic composite for efficient microwave absorption.

To solve the urgent issue of electromagnetic (EM) wave radiation pollution and promote the resource utilisation of red mud (RM, a solid waste), Fe/C/ceramic composite EM wave-absorbing materials were constructed by recycling RM with raw coal (RC) through simple mechanical mixing and then carbothermal reduction between FeO in RM and carbon component in RC. It was found that the calcined temperature of 900 °C can be considered the optimal formation temperature for Fe. In addition, a tuneable EM wave absorption performance could be attained by regulating the mass ratio of RC to RM (denoted as :).

Clinical significance of post-chemoradiotherapy 2-[F]FDG PET/CT response in locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A real-world study.

Purpose: To investigate the prognostic value of post-chemoradiotherapy 2-[F]FDG PET/CT in locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LANPC) and develop an accurate prognostic model based on the 2-[F]FDG PET/CT results.

Methods: 900 LANPC patients who underwent pretreatment and post-chemoradiotherapy 2-[F]FDG PET/CT from May 2014 to August 2022 were included in the study. We divided the patients into two distinct cohorts for the purpose of our study: a training cohort comprising 506 individuals, included from May 2008 to April 2020, and a validation cohort consisting of 394 individuals, included from May 2020 to August 2022.

Prognostic value of interim [F]FDG PET/CT after immunotherapy-based combinations in extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type.

Purpose: To evaluate the prognostic value of interim [F]Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography ([F]FDG PET/CT) after immunotherapy-based systemic therapies in extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL).

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively recruited 133 newly diagnosed nasal-type ENKTL patients who underwent interim [F]FDG PET/CT scans after 2-4 cycles of immunotherapy-based treatments. Interim PET/CT was interpreted by maximum standardized uptake value (SUV), Deauville 5-point scale (DS), and early treatment response.

Efficient U(VI) removal by TiCT nanosheets modified with sulfidated nano zero-valent iron: Batch experiments, mechanism, and biotoxicity assessment.

The MXenes, a new class of two-dimensional layered materials, have found extensive applications in water treatment for its excellent thermal stability, electrical conductivity, and excellent adsorption ability. Sulfidized nano zero-valent iron (S-nZVI) is a good reducing agent, however, the practical application of S-nZVI is currently restricted due to the tendency of nano materials to agglomerate. Herein, MXenes use as a support and in situ loading S-nZVI on it to prepare a new material (S-nZVI/TiCT), and applied it to U(VI) removal in water treatment.

From microbes to medicine: harnessing the power of the microbiome in esophageal cancer.

Esophageal cancer (EC) is a malignancy with a high incidence and poor prognosis, significantly influenced by dysbiosis in the esophageal, oral, and gut microbiota. This review provides an overview of the roles of microbiota dysbiosis in EC pathogenesis, emphasizing their impact on tumor progression, drug efficacy, biomarker discovery, and therapeutic interventions. Lifestyle factors like smoking, alcohol consumption, and betel nut use are major contributors to dysbiosis and EC development.

Telomere-to-telomere gap-free genome assembly of the endangered Yangtze finless porpoise and East Asian finless porpoise.

Background: The Yangtze finless porpoise (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis, YFP) and the East Asian finless porpoise (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis sunameri, EFP) are 2 subspecies of the narrow-ridged finless porpoise that live in freshwater and saltwater, respectively. The main objective of this study was to provide contiguous chromosome-level genome assemblies for YFP and EFP.

Results: Here, we generated and upgraded the genomes of YFP and EFP at the telomere-to-telomere level through the integration of PacBio HiFi long reads, ultra-long ONT reads, and Hi-C sequencing data with a total size of 2.

Efficacy of Neuroendoscopy Surgery Combined With Postoperative Lokomat Rehabilitation Training in Patients With Hypertensive Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Objective: To explore the effects of neuroendoscopy surgery combined with postoperative Lokomat rehabilitation training on patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage.

Methods: A total of 88 patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage who underwent surgical treatment in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into a study group and a conventional group with 44 patients in each group.

Weak magnetic field and coexisting ions accelerate phenol removal by ZVI/HO system: Their efficiency and mechanism.

Human activity and industrial production have led to phenol becoming a significant risk factor. The proper treatment of phenol in wastewater is essential. In this study, the utilization of weak magnetic field (WMF) and zero-valent iron (ZVI) was proposed to activate HO to degrade phenol contaminant.

Pharmacological elevation of glutathione inhibits status epilepticus-induced neuroinflammation and oxidative injury.

Glutathione (GSH) is a major endogenous antioxidant, and its depletion has been observed in several brain diseases including epilepsy. Previous studies in our laboratory have shown that dimercaprol (DMP) can elevate GSH via post-translational activation of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), the rate limiting GSH biosynthetic enzyme and inhibit neuroinflammation in vitro. Here we determined 1) the role of cysteamine as a new mechanism by which DMP increases GSH biosynthesis and 2) its ability to inhibit neuroinflammation and neuronal injury in the rat kainate model of epilepsy.

Harnessing Sulforaphane Potential as a Chemosensitizing Agent: A Comprehensive Review.

Recent advances in oncological research have highlighted the potential of naturally derived compounds in cancer prevention and treatment. Notably, sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate derived from cruciferous vegetables including broccoli and cabbage, has exhibited potent chemosensitizing capabilities across diverse cancer types of bone, brain, breast, lung, skin, etc. Chemosensitization refers to the enhancement of cancer cell sensitivity to chemotherapy agents, counteracting the chemoresistance often developed by tumor cells.

Potential significance of high-mobility group protein box 1 in cerebrospinal fluid.

High-mobility group protein box 1 (HMGB1) is a cytokine with multiple functions (according to its subcellular location) that serves a marker of inflammation. CSF HMGB1 could be the part of pathological mechanisms that underlie the complications associated with CNS diseases. HMGB1 actively or passively released into the CSF is detected in the CSF in many diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) and thus may be useful as a biomarker.