Host-Guest Metal Interaction in Cu-In Single Atom Alloy Switching Electrocatalytic CO Reduction Pathway.

The catalytic behavior of alloy electrocatalyst is strongly influenced by host-guest metal interaction, which governs adsorption energy and product selectivity. However, in conventional bimetallic alloy systems, the catalyst composition and the geometric configuration often obscure the identification of critical active sites. Here, we investigate the host-guest metal interaction in Cu-In single atom alloy (SAA) catalysts, demonstrating a remarkable switching of electrochemical CO reduction reaction (CORR) pathway.

Arousal Threshold Score: A New Indicator for Examining the Relationship Between Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Overlap Syndrome - A Retrospective Study.

Objective: A low arousal threshold (AT) appears to contribute to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) pathogenesis. However, the role of low AT in OSA and overlap syndrome (OVS) is still unclear. This study is aimed to investigate the value of the AT score, a new method for qualifying AT, for examining the relationship between OSA and OVS, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma.

The impact of export shocks on child health: evidence from China.

Background: Amidst sluggish global economic growth and rising anti-globalization sentiments, it has become imperative to reassess the benefits and hidden costs of globalization. Simultaneously, with the fading of the "demographic dividend" and the intensification of population aging, understanding children's health and its underlying determinants is crucial for sustainable socio-economic development. China provides an ideal case for examining these issues.

Investigation of Endodontic Disinfection by Combination of Laser and Nanobubble Technology.

Introduction: To investigate the combined use of laser, nanobubble water (NB-HO), and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)) for endodontic disinfection, particularly in regenerative endodontic cases where maximum effectiveness is needed.

Methods: Canal of human teeth were prepared, sterilized and inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis).

Brucella-infected macrophage-derived Exosomes enhance the anti-Brucella acquired immune response.

In recent years, the roles of Exosomes in tumors and infectious diseases have been found to have potential application value in disease diagnosis and treatment. However, whether Exosomes are involved in host-acquired immune responses against Brucella has not been reported. This study explored the significance of Exosomes in the context of Brucella infection and their influence on host immune responses.

Effects of dual-task mode brain-computer interface based on motor imagery and virtual reality on balance and attention in patients with stroke: a randomized controlled pilot trial.

Background: Brain-computer interface (BCI) has been shown to be beneficial in improving lower limb motility in stroke, but their effectiveness on balance and attention is unclear. In addition, current BCIs are mostly in single-task mode. The BCI system used in this study was based on a dual-task model of motor imagery (MI) and virtual reality (VR).

Alterations of Brain Structural and Functional Connectivity Networks and Its Correlations With Cognitive Function in Patients With Hypothalamic Syndrome Following Craniopharyngioma Resection.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the alterations in structural and functional connectivity networks (SCN and FCN) in children with hypothalamic syndrome (HS) following craniopharyngioma resection and to explore the relationship between these network changes and clinical manifestations.

Materials And Methods: We performed graph theory analysis on SCN and FCN derived from 36 patients with HS and 36 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC), with an age range of 6 to 13 years. We evaluated characteristics, nodal properties, and the coupling between SCN and FCN across 90 brain nodes.

The genome-wide identification of GRF family revealing PbGRF1 regulating the leaf size in Phoebe bournei.

Phoebe bournei is primarily distributed in the subtropical regions of China. As an important ornamental plant, the size of its leaves significantly impacts its ornamental value and growth. Growth-regulating factors (GRFs) play crucial roles in regulating plant development and leaf size.

CMCS: classifying and analyzing clustered somatic mutations to elucidate the potential contributions in tumorigenesis.

Clustered somatic mutations, which are common in cancer genomes and play critical roles in both pathological and physiological processes, are frequently accumulated in specific genomic regions. To enable efficient identification of these clustered mutations and gain insights into the potential functions of the associated genes in cancer, we developed the Cluster Mutation Classification System (CMCS; https://www.tmliang.

ThDP-dependent enzyme catalyzed oxidation of aldehydes.

Natural thiamine diphosphate (ThDP)-dependent enzymes are frequently utilized to catalyze the decarboxylation of β-keto acids and the benzoin condensation of aldehydes. Herein, we present a ThDP-dependent enzymatic oxidation of aldehydes mediated by sequential single electron transfer (SET) processes, utilizing hexachloroethane (CCl) as the oxidant. The reaction exhibits high efficiency (yield up to 99% and turnover number up to 2000) and achieves effective stereoselective control for dynamic kinetic resolutions (e.

Multiple Loci DNA Methylation Profiling for Rapid Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis Based on a Smartphone-Integrated Microfluidic Biosensing Platform.

Methylation level of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is widely recognized as a pivotal biomarker in precision oncology for tumor characterization and risk assessment. However, current point-of-care testing platforms for methylation analysis are constrained in achieving sufficient detection specificity due to their limitations in single-locus detection and their dependence on complex instrumentation. In this study, to overcome the above limitations, a smartphone-integrated, microfluidic chip technology-based biosensing platform was engineered for simultaneous analysis of multiple methylation loci in ctDNA.

Application of machine learning based on radiomics in the discrimination of intracranial germ cell tumours.

Background: Among germ cell tumours, germinomas are extremely sensitive to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Histological diagnosis is important for clinical treatment decisions. This study aimed to identify germinomas and non-germinomatous germ cell tumours (NGGCTs) using radiomics-based machine learning (ML).

Aluminum-related temperature dependence in erbium-doped fibers: optical loss, laser output power and the mechanism.

The irradiation damage effects of erbium-doped fibers for space laser communications have been extensively studied, however, there are few reports on how the performance of erbium-doped fibers changes under the conditions of temperature changing and irradiation in the space environment. In this work, the temperature dependence of loss and gain performance in erbium-doped fibers before and after irradiation was investigated. Temperature induced loss variation after irradiation is -19.

Novel IL13RA2-targeted immunocytokines exhibit superior antitumor activities.

Th1-type cytokines such as interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-12 (IL-12) are known for their potent antitumor activities, but their clinical application has been hindered by significant side effects. Immunocytokines (ICs) that combine cytokines with antibodies have shown favorable therapeutic and safety outcomes in clinical trials. In this study we first investigated the expression patterns and prognostic significance of IL13RA2 across various cancer types through a comprehensive analysis of the TIMER2 and TCGA datasets.

Inflammation biomarkers mediate causal inference of the effect of skin microbiota on the risk of allergic diseases.

Alterations in skin microbiota composition have been linked to allergic diseases, but the causal relationship remains unclear. To investigate the causal relationship between skin microbiota, allergic diseases, and inflammation biomarkers using Mendelian randomization (MR). We integrated summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of skin microbiota inflammation biomarkers, and seven allergic diseases.

Multi-channel narrow bandstop filter and refractive index sensor based on nanodisk arrays and Fabry-Perot resonant cavities.

High-performance resonant metasurfaces are promising for various applications, such as filtering and optical sensing. In this paper, a metasurface array composed of a periodically arranged nanodisk array and a Fabry-Perot (F-P) resonant cavity exhibits multiple ultra-narrow reflection resonance peaks in the near-infrared wavelength band, with a minimum bandwidth of 10 nm and the lowest reflectance of 0.08%.

A mini review on post-C-C coupling mediated CO electroreduction to C alcohols.

The electrochemical CO reduction reaction (CORR), which can convert CO into high-value chemicals and fuels, presents a promising and sustainable strategy to address environmental and energy challenges. The proton and electron transfer processes following C-C coupling significantly affect the reaction pathway toward alcohols or CH. To date, few reviews have specifically addressed this process and its impact on C product selectivity.

Unraveling the multifaceted landscape of hepatocellular carcinoma evolution: From pivotal genetic drivers to therapeutic horizons.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents a malignant tumor that poses a significant threat to human health, and its occurrence and development are a complex multi-stage process. This review delineates the critical factors implicated in the transition from normal hepatocytes to malignant liver cells, encompassing dysregulated signalling pathways, key oncogenes, associated non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), molecular alterations within the cellular microenvironment, spatial transcriptomic profiling, and advancements in anticancer therapies, thereby offering a comprehensive reference for elucidating HCC pathogenesis and formulating more targeted therapeutic approaches. Additionally, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of liver diseases are examined, including the identification of diagnostic biomarkers, the development of therapeutic modalities, and recent innovations in pharmacological interventions, thereby providing novel insights into liver disease progression and insights into the development of novel therapeutic strategies.

Ai-driven de novo design of customizable membrane permeable cyclic peptides.

Cyclic peptides, prized for their remarkable bioactivity and stability, hold great promise across various fields. Yet, designing membrane-penetrating bioactive cyclic peptides via traditional methods is complex and resource-intensive. To address this, we introduce CCPep, an AI-driven de novo design framework that combines reinforcement and contrastive learning for efficient, customizable membrane-penetrating cyclic peptide design.

DGAT1-mediated lipid metabolism is essential for female reproduction in the silkworm, Bombyx mori.

Background: Lipid metabolism plays a critical role in maintaining energy homeostasis during various physiological processes in insects. Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase-1 (DGAT1) is associated with the synthesis of triacylglycerol (TAG), a process that is necessary for the absorption of dietary fats and the storage of fat in mammals. However, the biological roles of DGAT1 in insects remain largely unknown.

Betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase protects against acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure via BACH1-SCD1-oleic acid axis.

Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury (AILI) is a leading cause of acute liver failure, with limited preventive or therapeutic options. The role of betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT), a key enzyme in the methionine cycle, remains unclear. We found that BHMT, primarily expressed in hepatocytes, showed reduced expression in the liver but elevated serum levels in the APAP-induced liver injury (AILI) mouse model.

Carrier rocket-inspired hydrogel microspheres targeting subchondral bone osteoclast activity alleviate osteoarthritic pain and cartilage degeneration.

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) represents a major global health challenge, characterized by progressive cartilage degeneration and subchondral bone remodeling, which culminate in debilitating pain and functional impairment. While recent studies have underscored the pivotal role of activated osteoclasts in the pathogenesis of OA and its associated pain, the therapeutic potential of intra-articular drug delivery has been hindered by challenges such as rapid synovial clearance and the poor permeability of cartilage, limiting the effective inhibition of subchondral osteoclast activity.

Methods: Sixth generation polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers were used to delivery pamidronate disodium (PD) penetrating cartilage (PD@PM).

Acidic pH as the deterministic factor shaping microbial community dynamics and interactions in molasses-fed sulfate-reducing bioreactors.

Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) are widely used in treating high-sulfate wastewater, but their performance is inhibited by low pH conditions. This study investigated prokaryotic community responses to pH decrements from 5.5 to 2.

Temporal Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Core Pathways and Orphan Gene Regulating Floral Transition in Chinese Cabbage.

The floral transition in Chinese cabbage ( ssp. ) is governed by a complex interplay of gene expression and hormonal regulation. Temporal transcriptome profiling was conducted across three developmental stages: pre-bolting (PBS), bolting (BS), and flowering stages (FS), to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms.