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Article Abstract
Introduction: To investigate the combined use of laser, nanobubble water (NB-HO), and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)) for endodontic disinfection, particularly in regenerative endodontic cases where maximum effectiveness is needed.
Methods: Canal of human teeth were prepared, sterilized and inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis). Teeth were assigned to 4 groups for two rounds of disinfection with Er,Cr: YSGG laser (Biolase). Group I - control, no disinfection, Group II - 6.25% NaOCl, Group III - 1.25% NaOCl, and Group IV - 1.25% NaOCl/NB-HO. Ca(OH) was placed in the canal for ∼10 days between the two disinfection rounds. Teeth were evaluated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) for biofilm removal and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) to detect live/dead bacteria in the dentinal tubules.
Results: SEM analysis of the canal disinfection indicated that the NB-HO group (1.25% NaOCl/NB-HO) appeared to enhance the removal of biofilm/smear layer. However, it was not consistently more effective than other groups in killing the bacteria in the dentinal tubules. The combined use of low-concentration NaOCl, laser, NB-HO and Ca(OH) largely reduced E. faecalis but did not achieve complete eradication from the canal or in the dentinal tubules.
Conclusion: Our comprehensive disinfection protocol reduced the bacteria in the dentinal tubules to a level potentially suited for regenerative endodontic therapy.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2025.08.016 | DOI Listing |
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