Evaluation of a long-term antimicrobial dental adhesive via in vitro biodegradation and in vivo rodent secondary caries models.

Objectives: Bacterial-derived secondary caries is a primary cause of dental treatment failure at the artificial material-tissue interface. We previously developed ultra-long-term antimicrobial/antidegradative drug-silica particles (DSPs) to counter this interfacial failure. The aim of the current study was to evaluate a novel DSP-filled-adhesive system via in vitro and in vivo (rat) anti-secondary-caries studies.

High-Frequency Quantitative Ultrasound Elastography for the Mechanical Assessment of Thin Biomaterials In Vitro.

Objective: High-frequency ultrasound elastography (USE) can measure the mechanical properties of biomaterials and engineered tissues in vitro. Previously developed USE systems have been limited by contact acoustic radiation force (ARF) excitations and insufficient spatiotemporal resolution for sub-millimetre sub-surface mechanical property measurements.

Methods: We present a novel high-frequency USE system with a highly focused (f-number 1) 15 MHz ARF excitation transducer and a broadband (f-number 3) 40 MHz ARF tracking transducer.

Methacrylated epigallocatechin gallate functionalized dental adhesives: Antiproteolytic activity and dentin bonding studies.

Objectives: To assess the antiproteolytic effect of EGCG-methacrylate monomers and its inhibitory effect on gelatinolytic activity in the hybrid layer. Also, to investigate the effect of an adhesive material functionalized with EGCG-methacrylate monomers on immediate and long-term dentin-resin bond strength.

Methods: Neat EGCG (E0) was reacted with three different ratios of methacryloyl ester and dissolved in ethyl acetate to obtain EGCG-methacrylates with hydroxyl functionalization at 33 % (M-E33), 67 % (M-E67) and 100 % (M-E100) levels.

Antibiofilm properties, cytotoxicity, and effect on protease activity of antibiotics and EGCG-based medications for endodontic purposes.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of two intracanal medications (IM) containing epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) with fosfomycin (FOSFO) and a triantibiotic combination of metronidazole, ciprofloxacin and fosfomycin (TRI), compared to controls calcium hydroxide (CH), all dissolved in polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG) on multispecies biofilms, fibroblast toxicity and on collagenolytic and gelatinolytic activities detected in radicular dentin.

Methods: The antibiofilm effect and cytotoxicity of medications containing EGCG + FOSFO, TRI or CH were evaluated on multispecies biofilms formed in bovine root dentin specimens by confocal microscopy and on fibroblasts by resazurin assays, respectively. The inhibition of protease activity of each IM was evaluated by measuring collagenolytic enzyme activity by ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and gelatinolytic activity by metalloproteinases (MMPs) using in situ zymography in radicular dentin specimens.

Development of Functional and Hydrolytically Stable Vinyl Monomers as Methacrylate Dental Resin Restorative Alternatives.

Dental resin-based restorative (RBR) materials represent the most ubiquitous biomaterials utilized globally. Methacrylate (MA)-ester based monomers - present in RBRs since the 1960s - experience significantly elevated rates of failure compared to previously used silver/amalgam fillings attributed to their hydrolysis reported in both simulated and in vivo environments. There is currently no alternative RBR chemistry that matches the functional and clinical workflow considerations of MA-RBRs while addressing their limited-service lives.

Nanoparticles for the Delivery of Pro-regenerative Cardiac Progenitor Secretory Proteins Targeting Cellular Senescence and Vasculogenesis.

Contemporary therapies following heart failure center on regenerative approaches to account for the loss of cardiomyocytes and limited regenerative capacity of the adult heart. While the delivery of cardiac progenitor cells has been shown to improve cardiac function and repair following injury, recent evidence has suggested that their paracrine effects (or secretome) provides a significant contribution towards modulating regeneration, rather than the progenitor cells intrinsically. The direct delivery of secretory biomolecules, however, remains a challenge due to their lack of stability and tissue retention, limiting their prolonged therapeutic efficacy.

Synthesis and challenges of fluorinated divinyl urethane monomers as a strategy for masking hydrolytic sensitive methacrylate groups in resin composites.

Objective: The biodegradation of methacrylate (MA)-based dental restoratives has been suggested to contribute to a loss of adhesion and subsequent detachment, or secondary caries, both major causes of restoration failure. Previous studies have demonstrated that intermolecular interactions between resin monomers may affect the hydrolytic-susceptibility of composites. Altering the intermolecular interactions by shielding or masking the hydrolytically-susceptible ester groups found in MA monomers could be an effective strategy to mitigate the biodegradation of resin composites.

Towards the development of biostable dental resin systems - design criteria and constraints beyond ester-free chemistries.

Objective: The objective of this review article is to summarize the current literature on dental resin-based restorative (RBR) materials specifically from the perspective of emerging resin technologies, and to provide researchers with structured design criteria enabling the effective screening of new RBR developments.

Methods: The continued failure of newly introduced RBRs to address biostability without compromising function, over the last decade, are presented as a rationale to support different resin-based concepts. Several developments in the field, aimed at addressing the issues facing modern resin-based systems are summarized and their limitations discussed.