Brucella-infected macrophage-derived Exosomes enhance the anti-Brucella acquired immune response.

In recent years, the roles of Exosomes in tumors and infectious diseases have been found to have potential application value in disease diagnosis and treatment. However, whether Exosomes are involved in host-acquired immune responses against Brucella has not been reported. This study explored the significance of Exosomes in the context of Brucella infection and their influence on host immune responses.

A novel IgG-Fc-Fused multiepitope vaccine against Brucella: robust immunogenicity.

Brucellosis is one of the most common zoonotic diseases caused by Brucella spp. However, there is currently no Brucella vaccine available for humans. Although some attenuated live vaccines have been approved for animals, their protective efficacy is suboptimal.

The Discussion of Ignition Criterion About the Mechanical Spark Ignition of Near-Limit Methane-Air Mixtures.

An optimal ignition criterion must be selected for the numerical prediction of the ignition parameters for mechanical spark ignition of near-limit methane-air fuel mixtures based on fuel mixture equivalency ratio; wherein, the vast majority of ignition criteria can be used for stoichiometric fuel mixtures. However, the viability of each criterion must be individually determined for near-limit fuel mixtures. This study developed a high-resolution algorithm that can be used to model the mechanical spark ignition and combustion of methane-air fuel mixtures of varying equivalence ratios.