Oxidative stress-related biomarkers in thyroid eye disease: evidence from bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation.

Background: Oxidative stress is a key contributor to the pathogenesis of the autoimmune condition thyroid eye disease (TED). However, its precise molecular mechanisms and reliable biomarkers remain unclear. Bioinformatics enables the identification of differentially expressed genes through transcriptomic analysis.

Effect of mixed fermentation with and on the flavor precursor and flavor formation of Kazak cheese.

Previous research has demonstrated that notably enhances flavor stability with the cost of diminishing the inherent milk flavor in cheese, which may be rescued by the incorporation of . To investigate the effects of mixed fermentation with and on the formation of taste during the ripening period of kazak cheese, this study determined its sensory attributes, flavor precursors, volatile flavor components (VFCs), and Odorant Activity Value (OAV). The mixed fermentation increased the levels of organic acids, aromatic and umami amino acids, saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), ultimately intensifying the concentration of aldehydes and ketones.

Lithium fine-tunes biodegradation of Zn-based implant to promote osseointegration through immunomodulation.

The intricate degradation dynamics exhibited by biodegradable alloys significantly influence host responses during the implantation process, posing challenges in achieving stable osseointegration. It is thus critical to tailor the biodegradation profiles of these implants to establish a conductive tissue microenvironment for bone tissue regeneration. In this study, we demonstrate that Zn-Li alloy forms a layer of Li-containing degradation products at the bone-implant interface to accommodate the bone regeneration process.

Unmasking disparities in bladder cancer outcomes in the disaggregated Asian American population.

Background: Research on urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCUB) in non-Hispanic Asian American (NHAA) populations typically amalgamate all subgroups, masking significant intra-ethnic difference. This study aimed to examine variations in UCUB characteristics and outcomes within NHAA populations.

Research Design And Methods: Patients with UCUB were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database.

A mouse model of E-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) induced by nose-only exposure to aerosolized vitamin E acetate and associated macrophage dysfunction.

Background: E-cigarette or vaping product use-associated Lung Injury (EVALI) has become a public health concern since 2019, with vitamin E acetate (VEA) identified as a potential causative agent. While previous studies have used whole-body VEA aerosol exposure or intratracheal instillation models, these approaches may introduce confounding exposure routes or do not fully reflect real-world vaping conditions. To better understand VEA-induced EVALI, there remains a need for an animal model that isolates airway exposure and closely mimics human vaping behaviour.

Pathological study of the tumor microenvironment after neoadjuvant therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma: Difference of TACE combined with antiangiogenics and immunotherapy.

Background: HCC is the leading form of primary liver cancer worldwide. Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (T) is commonly used to treat unresectable tumors. T combined with antiangiogenic therapy and immunotherapy (AI) has shown significant progress in neoadjuvant treatment, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Bibliometrics in thyroid eye disease.

Purpose: Thyroid Eye Disease (TED) is the most common thyroid-related autoimmune inflammatory disorder. Despite a surge in TED-related publications over the past five years-matching the total output of the preceding sixteen years-a systematic bibliometric analysis remains absent. This study aims to systematically map the knowledge structure, research hotspots, and future trends in TED research.

Nonlinear Dose-Response of Cadmium on Drosophila Larval Locomotion: Machine Learning Decodes Behavioral Complexity.

The prevalent environmental contaminant cadmium threatens ecosystems, yet the lack of high-resolution behavioral kinematics hinders assessment of cadmium neurotoxicity in ecologically critical insect larvae. This study integrated machine learning-based trajectory tracking methodologies, to meticulously quantify dose-dependent effects of cadmium on the locomotion velocity, angular velocity, directional preference, and trajectory alterations, using Drosophila larvae as a model organism. Results demonstrated that cadmium exposure not only increased the larval movement speed and the proportion of active duration but also substantially diminished the angular velocity and the duration of high angular velocity.

An eyecare foundation model for clinical assistance: a randomized controlled trial.

In the context of an increasing need for clinical assessments of foundation models, we developed EyeFM, a multimodal vision-language eyecare copilot, and conducted a multifaceted evaluation, including retrospective validations, multicountry efficacy validation as a clinical copilot and a double-masked randomized controlled trial (RCT). EyeFM was pretrained on 14.5 million ocular images from five imaging modalities paired with clinical texts from global, multiethnic datasets.

Allostatic Load and Racial and Rural Disparities in Breast Cancer Survival.

Importance: Racial and geographic disparities in breast cancer survival persist. Biological consequences of chronic stress, measured by allostatic load (AL), may contribute to these disparities, but their role in breast cancer prognosis is not well understood.

Objective: To evaluate the association between AL and overall survival among patients with breast cancer and assess the contribution of AL to racial and rural disparities in survival.

Bioinspired Inhalable Nanoparticles Combining Chinese Herbal Tetrandrine with Pirfenidone Overcome Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis via Coordinated Collagen Modulation and Fibroblast Autophagy Regulation.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a lethal respiratory disease with few treatment options, occurs due to an excessive process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and abnormal accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM), eventually leading to fibrotic scarring and destruction of alveolar structures. Here, a bioinspired inhalable nanocomplex (CCMφ@PTNPs) is reported for inhibiting the EMT progress and clearing the intrapulmonary ECM, thereby reversing established fibrotic foci in IPF. The nanocomplex consists of a PLGA core loaded with Chinese herbal tetrandrine (TET) and pirfenidone (PFD), and a macrophage cell membrane (Mφ) shell modified with collagenase type I (CLN) and collagen-targeting peptide (CBP).

The association between labor epidural analgesia and early-onset postpartum hypertension among parturients with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the association of different durations of labor epidural analgesia (LEA) on early-onset postpartum hypertension (PPHTN) among parturients with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study in which patients who were diagnosed with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy between 2018 and 2023. The parturients who received LEA were divided into three groups based on the tertiles of LEA duration: the short-duration group (< 175 minutes), the medium-duration group (175-324 minutes), and the long-duration group (≥ 325 minutes), while parturients who did not receive LEA forming the control group.

Butterfly-Shaped Folding Synthons for Designing Superselective and Ultrapermeable Artificial Water Channels.

Water transport across biological membranes is essential for life, facilitated by water channel proteins like aquaporins (AQPs). Drawing inspiration from these natural systems, artificial water channels (AWCs) have emerged as transformative tools for advancing industrial and environmental applications. Herein, we report the design and comprehensive characterization of a groundbreaking class of AWCs, derived from unprecedented butterfly-shaped aromatic folding synthons, carefully engineered to emulate the functional attributes of natural AQPs.

Palmitoylation: an emerging therapeutic target bridging physiology and disease.

Palmitoylation is a reversible post-translational lipid modification of proteins, catalyzed by the Zinc finger DHHC domain-containing (ZDHHC) family of palmitoyltransferases. Palmitoylation plays a pivotal role in regulating localization, stability, trafficking, and interactions, thereby contributing to a wide range of cellular processes. Dysregulation of palmitoylation has been implicated in numerous pathological conditions, including metabolic disorders, muscular diseases, mitochondrial disorders, cancer, and neurodegeneration.

Long-Range Order and Strong Quantum Coupling Enabled Stable Carrier Transport for Reliable Neuromorphic Computing.

Bio-inspired neuromorphic computing based on memristors holds significant potential for performing massively parallel computational tasks with high accuracy. However, its practical application is significantly limited by poor reliability, primarily due to instability in carrier transport. Here, long-range ordered quantum dot (QD) superlattices with strong quantum coupling is presented to enable carrier transport stability and improve device reliability.

Unraveling the multifaceted landscape of hepatocellular carcinoma evolution: From pivotal genetic drivers to therapeutic horizons.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents a malignant tumor that poses a significant threat to human health, and its occurrence and development are a complex multi-stage process. This review delineates the critical factors implicated in the transition from normal hepatocytes to malignant liver cells, encompassing dysregulated signalling pathways, key oncogenes, associated non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), molecular alterations within the cellular microenvironment, spatial transcriptomic profiling, and advancements in anticancer therapies, thereby offering a comprehensive reference for elucidating HCC pathogenesis and formulating more targeted therapeutic approaches. Additionally, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of liver diseases are examined, including the identification of diagnostic biomarkers, the development of therapeutic modalities, and recent innovations in pharmacological interventions, thereby providing novel insights into liver disease progression and insights into the development of novel therapeutic strategies.

Low-temperature plasma mutagenesis breeding of Chlorella sorokiniana mutant strains for efficient carbon sequestration.

In this study, low-temperature plasma was used to achieve mutagenesis of Chlorella sorokiniana and two mutants with good traits were successfully obtained after several rounds of screening. The results showed that the biomass of the mutants was increased by 15.31% and 19.

The Thioredoxin System Powers ArsM-Mediated Arsenite Methylation in .

Arsenic biomethylation plays a critical role in modulating environmental arsenic toxicity yet remains understudied in the phylum . Here, we characterize HeArsM, a methyltransferase from the soil bacterium , which effectively methylates arsenite [As(III)] into various species. We demonstrated that this activity is primarily supported by the thioredoxin (Trx)-thioredoxin reductase (TR)-NADPH system, which is significantly more effective than alternative reductants such as glutathione/glutaredoxin (GSH/Grx), cysteine, or tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP).

Finotonlimab (PD-1 inhibitor) plus bevacizumab (bevacizumab biosimilar) as first-tier therapy for late-stage hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomized phase 2/3 trial.

We aimed to assess the tolerability and efficacy of finotonlimab (an anti-programmed cell death protein-1 antibody) in combination with SCT510, a bevacizumab biosimilar, versus sorafenib in unresectable advanced HCC. This randomized phase 2 and 3 study (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04560894; Chinadrugtrials.

Synergistic Enhancement of Ferroelectricity in Eu/Fe Codoped BiNaTiO Thin Films: Mechanistic Insights via Luminescent Probing and Defect Engineering.

Defect engineering is a pivotal strategy for optimizing the polarization intensity in ferroelectrics. However, the synergistic effects of codoping transition metals and rare-earth ions into ferroelectric systems remain underexplored, and the resulting atomic-scale coupling mechanisms are not fully deciphered. This study demonstrates a synergistic enhancement of ferroelectric polarization in lead-free BiNaTiO (BNT) thin films through Eu/Fe codoping while elucidating the underlying mechanism via luminescent probing and simulation calculation.

The Critical Role of Piezo1/CaMKII/β-Catenin Axis in Promoting Osteogenic Differentiation of ADSCs by Pressure Stimulation.

The motor system organs respond to mechanical stimuli, and compressive stimulation promotes osteogenesis by enhancing the differentiation and mineralization of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) both in laboratory settings and in living organisms. Piezo1, a crucial ion channel, enables cells to detect external mechanical stimuli and mediates various signaling pathways that regulate osteogenesis. However, the function of Piezo1 in the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs triggered by compressive stimulation is still not well understood.

The clinical value of immune cell composition in the diagnosis of pediatric sepsis.

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic significance of various immune cell ratios in children with sepsis via the analysis of clinical data.

Methods: This retrospective study analyzed clinical data admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of Jiangsu Province (Suqian) Hospital between January 2023 and December 2024. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis evaluated the diagnostic performance of peripheral blood laboratory assessments and Immune cell ratios (platelet count divided by lymphocyte count (PLR), monocyte count divided by lymphocyte count (MLR), neutrophil count divided by lymphocyte count (NLR), the ratio of neutrophils to (white blood cells-neutrophils) (dNLR), and neutrophil count multiplied by 100 divided by (lymphocyte count multiplied by platelet count) (NLPR)).

DSP1 gene silencing boosts the efficacy of Beauveria bassiana in controlling bean flower thrips.

Entomopathogenic fungi are eco-friendly biological method to control various agricultural pests. However, it takes time during the practical application of Beauveria bassiana in thrip management. This study investigates the role of Megalurothrips usitatus Dorsal switch protein 1 (MuDSP1), which is an immune regulatory gene during fungus infection.

Differential ecotoxicity of nanoencapsulated metamifop and its active ingredient in zebrafish (Danio rerio): Insights from transcriptome and metabolome analysis.

Nanopesticides have gained increasing attention for their enhanced control efficacy. However, their potential toxicity to environmental and public health remains largely unexplored, and their toxicological mechanism at molecular level is poorly understood. To this context, a hydrophilic and lipophilic diblock polymer (HLDP) was designed and synthesized to develop a novel nanoherbicide metamifop (MP)@HLDP with high herbicidal activity against barnyard grasses (Echinochloa crusgalli).

HLDP nano-assembly boosts monosultap insecticidal activity against Asian corn borers through enhanced neurotoxicity and energy depletion.

The incorporation of nanotechnology presents an innovative strategy to overcome the limitations of conventional pesticides for efficient utilization. Herein, a hydrophilic and lipophilic diblock polymer (HLDP) nanocarrier was successfully synthesized and employed to encapsulate monosultap (Mon), yielding a highly-effective nanoformulation. HLDP exhibited a drug loading capacity of approximately 16.