Reinforcement Learning Decoding Method of Multi-User EEG Shared Information Based on Mutual Information Mechanism.

The multi-user motor imagery brain-computer interface (BCI) is a new approach that uses information from multiple users to improve decision-making and social interaction. Although researchers have shown interest in this field, the current decoding methods are limited to basic approaches like linear averaging or feature integration. They ignored accurately assessing the coupling relationship features, which results in incomplete extraction of multi-source information.

Cut-Enabled Mechanical Metamaterials for Multimodal and Reprogrammable Static Nonreciprocity.

Static nonreciprocity offers distinct outputs when switching the positions of action and reaction, which is of great interest for designing mechanical logic elements or soft robots. Existing mechanical metamaterials can present specific static nonreciprocal responses, but it remains challenging to obtain multiple and reprogrammable static nonreciprocal modes in a single microstructural topology. Here, a design method of cellular metamaterials is demonstrated via leaving cuts inside metacells, whose contact nonlinearity in the single metacell can offer orthogonal, uniaxial, shear (displacement and Poynting effect) static nonreciprocal modes.

Ferroelectric/Antiferroelectric HfZrO Artificial Synapses/Neurons for Convolutional Neural Network-Spiking Neural Network Neuromorphic Computing.

Brain-inspired neuromorphic computing offers significant potential for efficient and adaptive computational platforms. Emerging ferroelectric and antiferroelectric HfZrO devices provide key roles in convolutional neural network (CNN) and spiking neural network (SNN) computing with unique polarization switching characteristics. Here, we present ferroelectric/antiferroelectric HfZrO devices to realize functions of artificial synapse/neurons by element doping engineering.

A bibliometric study of the top 100 most cited articles on melanoma: insights into research trends and characteristics.

Improving insights into the current research and literature on melanoma is useful for healthcare providers to apply the latest advancements for offering better care to patients. Herein, this bibliometric study analyzed the characteristics and trends in melanoma research through the top-cited articles. The top 100 most cited articles on melanoma were published between 1969 and 2020, and the average number of citations was 36.

Enhancing rice salt Tolerance: Mechanisms of compound functional liquid in alleviating salt stress during the seedling stage.

Rice (Oryza sativa) is one of the most important staple crops worldwide; however, salt stress significantly limits its growth and productivity. This study systematically investigates the growth-protective mechanisms of Compound Functional Liquid (CFL) in alleviating salt stress during the seedling stage of rice. The results indicate that under salt stress, CFL significantly improved the rehydration survival rate of rice, promoted its growth and development, and enhanced its osmotic regulation capacity.

Lithium Salt Association-Mediated Interfacial Charge Exchange for Low-Temperature Lithium-Metal Batteries: Beyond Lithium De-Solvation Manner.

Fairly assessing energy barrier that shifts coordinated lithium (Li) to naked Li on the interface, as well as deeply exploring interfacial descriptors that can interpret rapid interfacial redox kinetics with anion-dominated electrolyte species, has been long-standing fundamentals to design well-performing electrolytes for low-temperature Li metal batteries. The Li de-solvation concept is merely a picture that can describe the transformation of coordinated Li to naked Li. This work highlights the importance of Li de-coordination instead of Li de-solvation to illustrate such Li transformation behavior, since it considers entire Li de-sheath events (both solvent and anion).

Systemic and dynamic risk analysis of drilling construction based on bayesian network and system dynamics model.

Drilling construction is a key means to obtain underground resources and information, and construction risk also directly affects the safety, economy and sustainability of engineering projects. Aiming at the limitations of traditional risk assessment methods in the dynamic and systematic aspects, this paper proposes a comprehensive analysis method combining Bayesian network (BN) and system dynamics (SD). First, through expert interviews and field investigations, an evaluation system consisting of 5 dimensions and 20 indicators was established, and the combination of entropy weight method and expert score was used to empower the system.

Optimal exercise interventions for enhancing cognitive function in older adults: a network meta-analysis.

Cognitive decline poses a significant challenge to healthy aging. While exercise is widely recognized for its cognitive benefits, the comparative efficacy of different exercise modalities and optimal intervention protocols for specific cognitive domains in older adults remains unclear. This network meta-analysis aimed to systematically compare the effects of five exercise modalities-resistance training, aerobic exercise, mind-body exercise, multicomponent exercise, and high-intensity interval training (HIIT)-on global cognitive function and major cognitive domains in cognitively healthy older adults, and to identify optimal intervention protocols and population subgroups most likely to benefit.

Elucidating the gelation mechanism of soy-potato protein composite gels: Proteomic, molecular, and structural insights.

The study investigated the gel properties and interaction mechanism of soy protein isolate (SPI) and potato protein (PP) composite gel. Results showed that increasing the proportion of PP could enhance the turbidity and surface hydrophobicity (H), facilitate the transition from random coil to β-sheet, strengthen both electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions, and decrease the disulfide bond content. This revealed that the interaction of the composite gel was enhanced after adding PP, and a more complex secondary structure was formed.

Exercise and cognitive aging: a meta-analysis of macrovascular cerebral blood flow and cognitive function in older adults.

Background: Cognitive decline is a major public health challenge in aging populations, closely linked to cerebral blood flow (CBF) reductions. While exercise is suggested to improve cognitive function and cerebrovascular health, its precise effects remain unclear.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted on studies published up to January 2024 using PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Embase, Cochrane, PsycINFO, ClinicalTrials.

Heterogeneous Polyoxometalate-Based Catalysts for Functionalized Quinones Synthesis: Systematic Advances, Prospects, and Challenges.

Functionalized quinones are crucial structural building blocks for synthesizing significant biologically active compounds. The selective catalytic oxidation of low-valent oxygen precursors (including aromatic compounds, phenolic derivatives, and hydroquinone analogs) has been widely recognized as one of the most economically and environmentally favorable approaches for producing functionalized quinones. Polyoxometalates (POMs), as versatile inorganic clusters, have attracted much attention in multidisciplinary fields, especially in catalysis, due to their adjustable structural configuration and acid-base properties, excellent redox properties, as well as remarkable thermal stability, chemical stability, and hydrolysis stability.

Nutraceuticals for Gut-Brain Axis Health: A Novel Approach to Combat Malnutrition and Future Personalised Nutraceutical Interventions.

The gut-brain axis (GBA) is a bidirectional communication network between the gastrointestinal tract and the brain, modulated by gut microbiota and related biomarkers. Malnutrition disrupts GBA homeostasis, exacerbating GBA dysfunction through gut dysbiosis, impaired neuroactive metabolite production, and systemic inflammation. Nutraceuticals, including probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics, and paraprobiotics, offer a promising approach to improving GBA homeostasis by modulating the gut microbiota composition and related neuroactive metabolites.

Near-Sensor Neuromorphic Computing System Based on a Thermopile Infrared Detector and a Memristor for Encrypted Visual Information Transmission.

Near-sensor neuromorphic computing systems that utilize photodetectors and memristors exhibit significant promise in the domains of visual information processing, transmission, and noise reduction recognition. In comparison to conventional photodetectors operating within the visible-light spectrum, thermopile infrared detectors offer distinct advantages in terms of concealment and security. This study proposes an integrated near-sensor computing system that combines a thermoelectric infrared detector with a memristor, which demonstrates a broad detection range (100-310 °C), rapid response time for sensing infrared signals, and excellent neuromorphic computing characteristics for information processing.

Comparative efficacy of exercise interventions for cognitive health in older adults: A network meta-analysis.

Background: Previous studies have consistently demonstrated that exercise mitigates cognitive decline in older adults. However, the most effective types of exercise, along with optimal frequency and duration of interventions, remain inadequately defined. To address these gaps, we conducted a network meta-analysis synthesizing direct and indirect evidence from existing literature to identify the most effective exercise interventions for enhancing cognitive function in older adults.

A novel tertiary lymphoid structure-associated signature accurately predicts patient prognosis and facilitates the selection of personalized treatment strategies for HNSCC.

Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the most common type of head and neck cancer and is characterized by its aggressive nature and variable prognosis and response to immunotherapy. Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) play crucial roles in creating a favourable immune microenvironment to control tumour progression. However, the specific impact of these structures on HNSCC has not been thoroughly studied.

Functional analysis of type II chalcone isomerase () genes in regulating soybean (.) nodule formation.

Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is the most cost-effective and environmentally benign method for nitrogen fertilization. Isoflavones are important signaling factors for BNF in leguminous plants. Whether chalcone isomerase (), the key enzyme gene in the flavonoid synthesis pathway, contributes to soybean () nodulation has not yet been fully clarified.

RNA splicing and alternative polyadenylation profile during sheep zygotic genome activation†.

Zygotic genome activation (ZGA) is a critical biological step in mammalian early embryo development. However, ZGA initiation in sheep and the related sophisticated RNA metabolism remains largely unknown. Here, we observed extensive alterations in gene expression and DNA methylation patterns, along with elevated levels of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) and its phosphorylation at serine 2 (RNAPII-Ser2P) at the 16-cell stage.

Ulnar nerve double crush by entrapment of a peri-cubital tunnel ganglion cyst and cubital tunnel: a case report.

Background: Double crush syndrome (DCS) is a relatively rare nerve compression syndrome among peripheral nerve compression diseases. However, ulnar nerve double entrapment caused by peri-cubital tunnel ganglion cysts has been rarely reported.

Case Presentation: Here, we present a case of a 54-year-old woman who experienced occasional pain, numbness and paralysis in her right half hand for 1 year.

CTA-based deep-learning integrated model for identifying irregular shape and aneurysm size of unruptured intracranial aneurysms.

Background: Artificial intelligence can help to identify irregular shapes and sizes, crucial for managing unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs). However, existing artificial intelligence tools lack reliable classification of UIA shape irregularity and validation against gold-standard three-dimensional rotational angiography (3DRA). This study aimed to develop and validate a deep-learning model using computed tomography angiography (CTA) for classifying irregular shapes and measuring UIA size.

Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed PPARG promoted osteosarcoma progression: based on osteoclast proliferation.

Background: Osteosarcoma (OS) is one of the most common primary malignant bone tumors, primarily originating from mesenchymal tissue. It is notorious for its high invasiveness, high disability rate, high mortality rate, and poor prognosis. In most primary and metastatic malignant tumors, bone destruction can promote cancer progression, which is closely related to osteoclast activation and the imbalance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts.

Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals molecular mechanisms of resistance in Chinese cabbage to pathotype 11.

Background And Aims: Clubroot caused by the soilborne obligate parasite , is a devastating disease of Chinese cabbage and other crucifers. The innate diversity and adaptability of this pathogen pose significant challenges to effective control measures. However, the varied response mechanisms exhibited by hosts to pathotype 11 at a molecular level are still unclear.

Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis reveals the dynamic changes in the tumor microenvironment during NMIBC recurrence.

Background: Due to the clinical characteristic of frequent recurrence in urothelial bladder cancer (UBC), patients face significant health impacts and economic burdens. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in UBC recurrence is crucial for reducing its recurrence rate. The aim of our study is to help urologists and clinical researchers gain a deeper understanding of the changes in the tumor microenvironment (TME) during UBC recurrence.

Integrated physio-biochemistry and RNA-seq revealed the mechanism underlying biochar-mediated alleviation of compound heavy metals (Cd, Pb, As) toxicity in cotton.

Biochar has been recognised as an efficacious amendment for the remediation of compound heavy metal contamination in soil. However, the molecular mechanism of biochar-mediated tolerance to compound heavy metal toxicity in cotton is unknown. The objective of this research was to investigate the positive impact of biochar (10 g·kg) on reducing damage caused by compound heavy metals (Cd, Pb, and As) in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.

Deubiquitylase OTUD3 regulates integrated stress response to suppress progression and sorafenib resistance of liver cancer.

The integrated stress response (ISR) is activated in response to intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli, playing a role in tumor progression and drug resistance. The regulatory role and mechanism of ISR in liver cancer, however, remain largely unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that OTU domain-containing protein 3 (OTUD3) is a deubiquitylase of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α), antagonizing ISR and suppressing liver cancer.