DeepBiome: A Phylogenetic Tree Informed Deep Neural Network for Microbiome Data Analysis.

Evidence linking the microbiome to human health is rapidly growing. The microbiome profile has the potential as a novel predictive biomarker for many diseases. However, tables of bacterial counts are typically sparse, and bacteria are classified within a hierarchy of taxonomic levels, ranging from species to phylum.

Identification of gene-sex hormone interactions associated with type 2 diabetes among men and women.

Background And Objectives: Type 2 diabetes affects an increasing number of people worldwide. Although genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of type 2 diabetes have identified hundreds of loci, their interactions with other risk factors aren't well understood. We investigated genetic interactions with three sex hormones (total testosterone, bioavailable testosterone, and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG)) to identify additional type 2 diabetes-related loci that were undetected in traditional GWAS.

Higher proportion of coagulative necrosis and PD-L1 immune cells in splenic tuberculosis.

Due to its low incidence and non-specific clinical manifestations, early diagnosis of splenic tuberculosis (STB) is extremely challenging. Pathology is the gold standard for disease diagnosis. The spleen's unique structural and functional characteristics may confer distinct pathological features and immune microenvironment in STB.

Pemafibrate treatment produces antidepressant-like effects in CUMS and CRS models through activation of hippocampal PPARa and BDNF signaling.

Background: It is well established that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of depression. Several PPARα agonists, including WY14643, fenofibrate, and gemfibrozil, have been reported to produce antidepressant-like effects in mouse models through PPARα-mediated enhancement of hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling and neurogenesis. Pemafibrate is a novel and highly selective modulator of PPARα, and therefore, we hypothesised that it might also exhibit antidepressant-like efficacy.

Evolutionary Insights and Flowering Regulation of in Coconut Palm.

() is a critical transcription factor that plays a significant role in regulating plant growth and development. Mining the coconut SPL family offers valuable insights into the regulation of important agronomic traits, including the length of the juvenile phase. In this study, 25 were identified and were classified into eight subfamilies.

Automated Detection of Epileptic Seizures in EEG Signals via Micro-Capsule Networks.

Background: Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that affects individuals across all age groups. Early detection and intervention are crucial for minimizing both physical and psychological distress. However, the unpredictable nature of seizures presents considerable challenges for timely detection and accurate diagnosis.

Different concentrations of exopolysaccharides enhance the freeze resistance of Lactobacillus plantarum: Transcriptomics and metabolomics.

The study aimed to investigate the regulatory effects of exopolysaccharides (EPS) derived from Pediococcus acidilactici S1 on the cell physiological functions of Lactobacillus plantarum FQR during the freezing process. Results demonstrated that the addition of 70 mg/mL EPS as a cryoprotectant achieved a maximum survival rate of 91.99 ± 3.

Self-healing hydrogels loaded with selenium nanoparticles/chitosan/cellulose nanofibers as carriers of mesenchymal stem cells for diabetic wound healing.

As one of the most serious chronic complications of diabetes mellitus, diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) have a complex pathogenesis involving multiple factors such as persistent hyperglycemia-induced microangiopathy, chronic inflammatory state and oxidative stress injury. Regenerative medicine strategies of stem cells have brought new hope for DFUs treatment, among which adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) have attracted much attention due to their easy accessibility, multidirectional differentiation potential and paracrine function. However, excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the high-glucose microenvironment can trigger mitochondrial dysfunction and premature senescence of ADSCs, which greatly reduce their therapeutic efficacy.

Electroacupuncture with different current intensities can improve gastrointestinal motility in diabetic gastroparesis vagal and sympathetic pathways.

Background: Diabetic gastroparesis (DGP) disrupts gastric motility. Electroacupuncture (EA) at Zusanli (ST36) may alleviate DGP symptoms neural pathways.

Aim: To investigate how EA current intensities at ST36 regulate neural pathways and improve gastric motility in DGP models.

Neural network-based fixed-time practical attitude synchronization control for uncertain networked spacecraft systems.

This paper investigates the distributed neural network (NN)-based fixed-time practical attitude synchronization of the networked spacecraft systems (NSSs) with model uncertainties and external disturbances. A novel practical attitude synchronization scheme is proposed using the Lagrangian representation of spacecraft attitude dynamics for both leaderless and leader-follower cases. Fixed-time control is first employed to enhance robustness against model uncertainties, and the NN is then integrated to advance its adaptability.

Intelligentization of Electromagnetic Functional Materials: From Design to Applications.

With advancements in radar detection and electromagnetic (EM) communication technologies, intelligentizing EM functional materials (EFMs) and endowing them with dynamic responsiveness across multi-spectral ranges, along with the ability to perceive and adapt to complex operation environments, is of significant importance. This article provides a comprehensive review of the recent progress in intelligent EFMs. It begins with the fundamentals of intelligent EFMs, with an emphasis on their EM response mechanisms and basic functions.

Imaging characteristics of renal epithelioid angiomyolipoma and its correlation with risk stratification.

Renal epithelioid angiomyolipoma (EAML) is frequently misdiagnosed due to nonspecific imaging findings. This study aimed to explore the radiographic characteristics of EAML, with the goal of enhancing the accuracy of preoperative diagnoses. A total of 27 patients with histopathologically confirmed renal EAML were included in the study.

In situphotothermal-chemical dynamics synergistic enhancement of anti-tumor effect based on phycocyanin multifunctional nanosystem.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment remains challenged by the systemic toxicity, non-specific targeting and high recurrence rates associated with conventional therapeutic approaches. In this study, a tumor microenvironment (TME)-activated multifunctional nanoplatform, PDTF@CM, was developed for synergistic treatment by integrating photothermal therapy (PTT), chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and chemotherapy (CT). The platform comprises a phycocyanin core with doxorubicin (DOX) and a metal-phenolic network shell, cloaked with CT26 tumor cell membrane for homologous targeting.

A Novel Peculiarity of TXNIP Reversing the Radioresistance of NPC and Inducing Ferroptosis by xCT-GSH-GPX4-ROS Axis.

Background: Radioresistance is a major problem in clinical treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), and molecular mechanisms of radioresistance related to the antioxidant system are unknown. TXNIP (thioredoxin-interacting protein) is an endogenous inhibitor of thioredoxin. The system xCT/GSH/GPX4 axis is an important antioxidant system of ferroptosis in drug-resistant solid tumor therapy.

Overcoming ovarian cancer resistance and evasion to CAR-T cell therapy by harnessing allogeneic CAR-NKT cells.

Background: Ovarian cancer (OC) poses a significant challenge for conventional chimeric antigen receptor-engineered T (CAR-T) cell therapy, due to frequent recurrence linked to tumor heterogeneity, platinum resistance, immune evasion, and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME).

Methods: Here, we analyze primary OC patient samples and identify a unique opportunity for allogeneic CAR-NKT (CAR-NKT) cells to concurrently attack OC tumor cells and their TME. Leveraging stem cell gene engineering and a clinically guided culture method, we achieve robust generation of CAR-NKT cells at high yield and purity.

Molecular crossbreeding-engineered self-calibrating probe with large emission shift for dual near-infrared imaging of therapy-induced senescence.

Therapy-induced senescence, a consequence of prolonged exposure to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, can complicate cancer prognosis. Herein, we developed a novel near-infrared (NIR) ratiometric fluorescence probe, BTE-Gal, designed using a molecular crossbreeding strategy for dual-channel in vivo imaging of therapy-induced senescence. This probe integrates a dual-emission benzothiazole unit onto an NIR hemicyanine scaffold, resulting in triggerable dual emission with minimal spectral overlap upon exposure to β-galactosidase (β-gal), a widely recognized biomarker for senescent cell detection.

Novel approaches and applications in identifying DNA methylation markers of cardio-kidney-metabolic disease.

Cardio-kidney-metabolic (CKM) diseases represent a major public health challenge, accounting for a large proportion of global burden of morbidity and mortality. These conditions share risk factors, including genetic predisposition, environmental exposures, and lifestyle influences, which collectively drive disease development and progression. Epigenetic modifications, particularly DNA methylation (DNAm), serve as key mediators and biomarkers between these risk factors and disease phenotypes by regulating gene expression without altering the DNA sequence.

Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Precipitation Performances of B and Ce Codoped CoP/NiCoP over a Wide pH Range.

Exploring efficient, low-cost, and pH-versatile electrocatalysts for hydrogen precipitation is vital for the development of practical hydrogen production via water electrolysis. However, most existing electrocatalysts suffer from limitations such as high overpotentials, a reliance on expensive noble metals, or poor stability under extreme pH conditions, hindering their practical application. Among the many electrocatalytic materials, transition metal phosphides (TMPs) are considered a promising class of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalytic materials due to their abundant reserves and tunable electronic structures.

Tactile exploration and imagery elicit distinct neural dynamics in the parietal cortical network.

Background: Tactile imagery involves the reconstruction of sensory experiences without actual tactile input. While tactile perception and imagery exhibit similar spatial patterns of neural activation, the underlying neural dynamics, particularly cortical communications within the parietal network, remain unclear.

Methods: The present study recruited 5 patients with implanted stereo-electroencephalography (sEEG) electrodes and recorded sEEG data during texture scanning and imagery.

Atomic-Precision Heterojunction Textiles Enable Sunlight-Powered Self-Disinfection.

Cotton fabrics are prone to harboring pathogenic microorganisms due to their microporous structure, leading to material degradation and potential health hazards. While conventional sterilization methods in medical systems such as autoclaving, UV irradiation, and chemical disinfectants are constrained by equipment reliance, restricted applicability, and possible hazards, this study introduces a sunlight-driven antibacterial solution. By constructing a pg-CN/ZnO heterojunction photosensitizer on the fabric surface, a Schottky barrier was created at the interfaces of ZnO and pg-CN, which enhanced carrier separation efficiency under solar illumination, thereby boosting reactive oxygen species generation for efficient sterilization.

Continuous Glucose Monitoring Metrics Predict All-Cause Mortality in Diabetes: A Real-world Long-term Study.

Objective: Investigate the association between continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)-derived glucose metrics and all-cause mortality in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes (T1D or T2D).

Research Design And Methods: We analyzed data from 2,752 adults (≥21 years old) with diabetes (65% T2D) from the Veterans Affairs Healthcare System who received Dexcom CGM between 2015 and 2020. All participants had ≥10 days of CGM data over landmark (LM) periods (14 days, 3 months, and 6 months) merged with electronic health records.

Modernizing diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: A review of global trends and Asia-specific perspectives.

The landscape of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADRD) diagnosis is evolving rapidly, driven by advances in disease understanding, biomarker tools, and disease-modifying therapies. Modern diagnostic approaches emphasize biological precision, early detection, and dynamic frameworks that adapt to treatment-induced changes in disease biology. These frameworks enable opportunities for personalized interventions-encompassing pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies-and for enhanced clinical trial design.

miR-497-5p augments sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity by facilitating ubiquitination-dependent degradation of NOTCH1 via targeting SMURF2.

This study aimed to explore how miR-497-5p affects sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity and cognitive impairment in neonatal rats, examining its role in promoting neuronal survival by regulating the protein SMURF2 and its effect on NOTCH1 signaling. Neonatal rats were exposed to sevoflurane, and their learning and memory were assessed using the Morris water maze and fear conditioning tests. RNA sequencing identified a significant decrease in miR-497-5p levels.