DeepBiome: A Phylogenetic Tree Informed Deep Neural Network for Microbiome Data Analysis.

Evidence linking the microbiome to human health is rapidly growing. The microbiome profile has the potential as a novel predictive biomarker for many diseases. However, tables of bacterial counts are typically sparse, and bacteria are classified within a hierarchy of taxonomic levels, ranging from species to phylum.

Association between international normalized ratio-to-albumin ratio and mortality in critically ill patients with gastrointestinal bleeding: a retrospective MIMIC-IV database study.

Background: While the international normalized ratio-to-albumin ratio (PTAR) is an established independent prognostic indicator for various diseases, its predictive value for clinical outcomes in critically ill patients with acute gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) has not been systematically evaluated. The present study aims to examine the correlation between PTAR levels and clinical outcomes in critically ill patients with GIB.

Methods: To evaluate mortality risk, we conducted multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analyses for both short-term and long-term survival, supplemented by Kaplan-Meier (K-M) curve analysis to compare survival trends among subgroups.

Tactile exploration and imagery elicit distinct neural dynamics in the parietal cortical network.

Background: Tactile imagery involves the reconstruction of sensory experiences without actual tactile input. While tactile perception and imagery exhibit similar spatial patterns of neural activation, the underlying neural dynamics, particularly cortical communications within the parietal network, remain unclear.

Methods: The present study recruited 5 patients with implanted stereo-electroencephalography (sEEG) electrodes and recorded sEEG data during texture scanning and imagery.

Is muscle-strengthening exercise associated with better academic performance of Literacy, Mathematics and Language? Results from a cross-sectional study.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the associations of muscle-strengthening exercise (MSE) with academic performance (AP) of different subjects in Chinese school-aged children and adolescents.

Methods: Cross-sectional data on 67,281 students were included. Engagement in MSE was assessed using a specific question, and AP was assessed through self-reported grade in Literacy (Chinese), Mathematics, and Language (English).

Two decades of research in occupational physical activity for health: A bibliometric analysis.

BackgroundThere is a paradox in the field of physical activity, where leisure-time physical activity and occupational physical activity have inconsistent associations with health outcomes. Therefore, an increasing number of studies have investigated the associations between occupational physical activity and health outcomes. Given the rapid growth of publications in the field, an analytical synthesis of the literature is needed.

Prognostic value of the international normalized ratio to albumin ratio in acute pancreatitis: insights from MIMIC-IV database.

Background: While the prognostic value of the international normalized ratio - to - albumin ratio (PTAR) has been established in several diseases, its predictive value in acute pancreatitis (AP) mortality remains uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the association between PTAR and survival outcomes in AP patients.

Methods: Initial screening using univariate and multivariate regression analysis identified significant prognostic variables.

Transient Poly(ADP-Ribose) Triggers FUS Condensation Hysteresis via a Prion-Like Mechanism.

Hysteresis-where a system retains memory of a transient stimulus-is common in signaling but can also arise in intracellular organization. DNA repair foci, a type of biomolecular condensate, are initiated by the short-lived noncanonical nucleic acid poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR). PAR recruits proteins with prion-like domains (PrLDs), such as Fused in Sarcoma (FUS), and initiates their condensation, which persists even after PAR degradation.

Meshless numerical simulation on Frost cracking of rock masses containing random fissures under water-ice phase change.

With the vigorous construction of water conservancy projects in the cold regions of western China, the frost heaving cracking problem of rock mass fissures in cold regions under the water-ice phase change seriously threatens the safety of projects. This study aims to explore the fracture laws of rock masses containing random fissures under frost heaving, providing a basis for frost-resistant design and disaster prevention in cold region projects. The study uses the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method.

Training-Free Regulation of Grasping by Intracortical Tactile Feedback Designed via S1-M1 Communication.

Tactile feedback is essential for grip force control when operating a neuroprosthesis. Due to limited knowledge of cortical sensorimotor coordination, artificial feedback is mostly counterintuitive, requiring training to be associated with grasping behaviors. The current study investigates sensorimotor communication by recording neural activities from the primary sensory cortex (S1) and the primary motor cortex (M1) while macaques grasp targets of various textures and loads.

Total bilirubin-to-albumin ratio and short- and long-term all-cause mortality in acute pancreatitis: Evidence from the MIMIC-IV database.

Background: The Total Bilirubin-to-Albumin Ratio (TBAR) is widely recognized and applied as a biomarker in the prognostic evaluation of various diseases. However, its role in predicting survival outcomes in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) remains underexplored. This study aims to investigate the association between TBAR levels and mortality rates in AP patients, thereby providing a novel prognostic indicator for clinical use.

Determinants of engagement in muscle-strengthening activities among children and adolescents: insights from a large-scale school-based study.

Objectives: This study examined the sociodemographic factors associated with muscle-strengthening exercise (MSE) participation in a sample of Chinese school-aged children.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in March 2021, comprising 67,281 students from public schools in Shenzhen through a multistage sampling method. The survey collected data on MSE participation, sociodemographics, family and educational information, and other aspects.

Associations of different types of physical activity and sedentary behavior with self-rated health in children and adolescents: a systematic review of research from 2010 to 2024.

Background: Self-rated health (SRH) is one of the common measures to evaluate individuals' overall health. Many studies have explored the associations between different types of physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), and SRH in children and adolescents. These studies report inconsistent findings and sometimes highlight gender differences.

Interferon-induced PARP14-mediated ADP-ribosylation in p62 bodies requires the ubiquitin-proteasome system.

Biomolecular condensates are cellular compartments without enveloping membranes, enabling them to dynamically adjust their composition in response to environmental changes through post-translational modifications. Recent work has revealed that interferon-induced ADP-ribosylation (ADPr), which can be reversed by a SARS-CoV-2-encoded hydrolase, is enriched within a condensate. However, the identity of the condensate and the responsible host ADP-ribosyltransferase remain elusive.

Design and optimization of an innovative lining structure for high-pressure water transmission tunnels subjected to strike-slip fault creep.

Long-distance water transmission tunnel projects face significant challenges in crossing active faults. This paper presents a novel multi-layer flexible lining (MFL) structure for high-pressure tunnels that can accommodate fault creep deformation. Finite element numerical analysis was utilized to validate the feasibility of the MFL structure under the actual conditions of a particular engineering project.

Exploring the anti-inflammatory effects of Radix Curcumae essential oil in pulmonary sarcoidosis via the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway.

Background: Pulmonary sarcoidosis (PS) is an immune-mediated disorder characterised by a significant association with various immune cell types including macrophages, T-helper 1 (TH1) cells, and TH17 cells. Dysregulation of immune cell differentiation leads to pronounced inflammatory responses in the pulmonary system, resulting in granuloma formation. Currently, the therapeutic approach for PS predominantly involves the use of immunosuppressive agents.

Relationship between movement behaviours and life satisfaction in Chinese children: A cross-lagged panel analysis.

Understanding the impacts of daily movement behaviours on the well-being of children is crucial for developing effective health promotion strategies. This study examined the relationship between movement behaviours and life satisfaction (LS) using longitudinal data from a sample of primary school students. This one-year follow-up study included 683 students (8.

Mapping the research using 24-h movement guidelines in children and adolescents: A bibliometric analysis.

Background: There are limited comprehensive bibliometric analyses that have examined research articles using the 24-h movement guidelines, which are necessary to evaluate the impact of the research field, map the scientific structure of the research landscape, and identify knowledge gaps.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyse the published research articles using the 24-h movement guidelines and assess their bibliometric characteristics.

Methods: The search was conducted across all databases indexed in the Web of Science on March 6, 2024, and the bibliometric characteristics of studies published from 2016 onwards were analysed.

Global remodeling of ADP-ribosylation by PARP1 suppresses influenza A virus infection.

ADP-ribosylation is a highly dynamic and fully reversible post-translational modification performed by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) that modulates protein function, abundance, localization and turnover. Here we show that influenza A virus infection causes a rapid and dramatic upregulation of global ADP-ribosylation that inhibits viral replication. Mass spectrometry defined for the first time the global ADP-ribosylome during infection, creating an infection-specific profile with almost 4,300 modification sites on ~1,080 host proteins, as well as over 100 modification sites on viral proteins.

Cross-sectional association between frequency of vigorous physical activity and academic achievement in 214,808 adolescents.

Background: This study explores the intricate link between vigorous physical activity and academic achievement in adolescents. By analyzing data from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey, it seeks to understand how engaging in high-intensity physical activities influences academic achievement.

Methods: A comprehensive cross-sectional analysis was conducted on a vast dataset comprising 214,808 adolescents aged 11, 13, and 15 years.

Associations of 24-hour movement guidelines adherence with fruit and vegetable intake in university students.

Background: Unhealthy eating habits, such as low vegetable and fruit intake, are associated with many health problems. 24-h movement behaviors have been reported to be positively associated with numerous health-related outcomes. Despite the importance of these two modifiable lifestyle behaviors in building healthy habits in university students, there is a paucity of relevant research in this population.

Associations of Eating Habits with Self-Rated Health and Life Satisfaction in Adolescents: A 42-Country Cross-Sectional Study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the associations of eating habits with self-rated health and life satisfaction in adolescents using a multiple-country sample.

Methods: Cross-sectional data from the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) 2013/2014 wave was used in this study. A self-reported questionnaire was used to collect data on independent variables including breakfast on weekdays, breakfast at weekends, and consumption of fruits, vegetables, sweets, and soft dirks.

A highly sensitive and selective colorimetric aptasensor for detecting sulfadiazine in river waters based on gold nanoparticles synthesized from discarded Longan seed extract.

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were extensively employed for in-situ detection sulfadiazine (SDZ) residues, yet current synthesis methods suffer from complex procedures, reagent pollution of the environment, and low particle quality. This study presents a novel synthesis method using discarded longan seed extract as a reducing agent to synthesized high-quality AuNPs, and then can be used for in-situ SDZ detection. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize synthesis parameters, which resulted in five optimal combinations that enhanced the flexibility of synthesis.

Cross-sectional association between 24-hour movement guidelines and depressive symptoms in Chinese university students.

Background: The world's first 24-h movement guidelines for adults were released on 15 October 2020 in Canada, though evidence of their associations with health indicators in young adults is sparse. This study aimed to report the prevalence of meeting the 24-h movement guidelines and associations with depressive symptoms in a sample of Chinese university students.

Methods: Cross-sectional data from 1,793 Chinese university students (mean age = 20.

Frequency of Vigorous physical activity and sleep difficulty in adolescents: A multiply-country cross-sectional study.

Background: Sleep is an essential health behavior, and sleep difficulties are strongly associated with adolescent health, potentially leading to more severe sleep disorders. The beneficial effects of physical activity (PA) in alleviating sleep difficulties have been well-documented. Numerous investigations reveal influence in moderate to high-intensity physical activity (PA) positively influences sleep quality.

A novel 193-plex MPS panel integrating STRs and SNPs highlights the application value of forensic genetics in individual identification and paternity testing.

Massively parallel sequencing (MPS) has emerged as a promising technology for targeting multiple genetic loci simultaneously in forensic genetics. Here, a novel 193-plex panel was designed to target 28 A-STRs, 41 Y-STRs, 21 X-STRs, 3 sex-identified loci, and 100 A-SNPs by employing a single-end 400 bp sequencing strategy on the MGISEQ-2000™ platform. In the present study, a series of validations and sequencing of 1642 population samples were performed to evaluate the overall performance of the MPS-based panel and its practicality in forensic application according to the SWGDAM guidelines.