Late-Stage Pyridination via Pd-Catalyzed Transformation of Arylthianthrenium Salts.

We report a palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of arylthianthrenium and pyridylphosphonium salts for direct arene pyridination. The silver-mediated transformation forges aryl-pyridine bonds exclusively at pyridine C4 under mild conditions without directing groups. This strategy combines two bench-stable reagents, circumventing limitations associated with conventional pyridination precursors.

Uncovering the link between cardiometabolic index and depression in diabetes: a large-scale population study.

Background: Studies have shown that individuals with diabetes are more likely to suffer from depression, and metabolic dysregulation may be the pathophysiological mechanism underlying this comorbidity. The Cardiometabolic Index (CMI) is an innovative metric that integrates abdominal obesity and lipid levels, providing a comprehensive assessment of cardiometabolic health. Currently, the relationship between CMI and depression in diabetes has not been clarified.

Unveiling the dual threat: combined elevated triglyceride-glucose index and intracranial arterial stenosis burden for enhanced stroke risk stratification.

Background: The relationship between an elevated triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) combined with intracranial arterial stenosis (ICAS) and stroke recurrence remains incompletely understood. This study investigated how varying ICAS burdens influence the prognosis of ischemic stroke patients with different TyG levels.

Methods: This prospective cohort study analyzed a consecutively enrolled population of 712 acute ischemic stroke patients, with intracranial atherosclerotic burden quantitatively evaluated via computed tomography angiography (CTA) or three-dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), and stenosis severity graded according to WASID criteria.

Early pregnancy triglycerides and blood pressure: a combined predictor for preeclampsia.

Background: Increased blood pressure and triglyceride (TG) levels are linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Although the widespread acknowledgment that stage 2 hypertension serves as a significant predictor of preeclampsia, the prognostic significance of elevations in other blood pressure categories remains a subject of debate. Consequently, we intended to evaluate the joint influence of increased blood pressure and TG levels in the initial stages of pregnancy on preeclampsia risk and to identify a high-risk subgroup of individuals who require clinical attention.

Sipa1 Drives a Maladaptive Fibroblast-Myeloid Axis After Myocardial Infarction.

Background: Sipa1 (signal-induced proliferation-associated gene 1) is known as a specific Rap1 (Ras-related protein 1) GTPase-activating protein that negatively regulates Rap1 signaling. Although Sipa1 has been extensively studied in cancer research, its role in the wound-healing response after myocardial infarction (MI) remains unexplored.

Methods: To investigate the role of endogenous Sipa1 in MI, we performed permanent left anterior descending artery ligation in both knockout mice and their control littermates.

A multiplex bacterial assay for identifying vaginal fluid in various individual states and mixture stains.

Accurate identification of vaginal fluid is imperative for forensic investigations, particularly in resolving sexual assault cases. Body fluid-specific microbiota are considered potential indicators for identifying body fluids. In this study, we selected vaginal core bacteria based on species level and developed a multiplex PCR system for identifying vaginal fluid in various individual states and mixed stains.

Nickel-Catalyzed C(sp)-C(sp) Cross-Coupling of Carboxamides and Unactivated Alkyl Iodides.

The construction of C(sp)-C(sp) bonds through cross-coupling reactions of unactivated alkyl halides and C-radical precursors presents a significant challenge in organic synthesis. Herein, we report a strategy for the formation of C(sp)-C(sp) bonds using alkyl halides as alkylation reagents via the 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) process. The reactions proceed under mild conditions, demonstrating a remarkable tolerance for a diverse array of functional groups.

An AAV variant selected through NHP screens robustly transduces the brain and drives secreted protein expression in NHPs and mice.

Recent work has shown that prolonged expression of recombinant proteins after adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated delivery of gene therapy to long-lived, ventricle-lining ependymal cells can profoundly affect disease phenotypes in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we performed in vivo screens of millions of peptide-modified capsid variants of AAV1, AAV2, and AAV9 parental serotypes in adult nonhuman primates (NHPs) to identify capsids with potent transduction of key brain tissues, including ependyma, after intracerebroventricular injection. Through these screens, we identified an AAV capsid, AAV-Ep, with markedly increased potency in transducing ependymal cells and cerebral neurons in NHPs.

Exploration of the shared gene signatures and molecular mechanisms between cardioembolic stroke and ischemic stroke.

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the shared molecular mechanisms underlying cardioembolic stroke (CS) and ischemic stroke (IS) using integrated bioinformatics analysis.

Methods: Microarray datasets for the CS (GSE58294, blood samples from CS and controls) and IS (GSE16561, blood from IS and controls; GSE22255, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from IS and matched controls) were acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differential expression analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis were utilized to identify shared genes between the two diseases.

Species level and SNP profiling of skin microbiome improve the specificity in identifying forensic fluid and individual.

Human skin possesses individual and body fluid-specific microbial signatures potentially useful for forensic identification. Previous studies mostly attribute individuals based on the relative abundance of microbiota at single time point, however fluctuations in taxonomy and phylogenetic structure may cause this to be unreliable. In this study, we assessed the skin microbiome of individuals at consecutive time-point from fingers, palm, arm and forehead sites using full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

Palladium-Catalyzed Meta C─H Alkoxylation and Amidation via Polarity Reversal of Nucleophilic Reagents.

Norbornene-mediated remote metaselective C─H functionalization of arenes have been limited to relatively weakly electronegative and "soft" species, such as aryl, alkyl, and alkylamino moieties. Herein, we describe the first example of the use of a nucleophilic reagent, such as an alcohol or amide, to replace the electrophilic reagent during the palladium-catalyzed meta C─H alkoxylation or amidation reaction of an arene. The reaction conditions are mild and highly site-selective, thereby facilitating the direct introduction of natural products or drug molecules containing hydroxyl or amido groups at the meta positions of arenes.

Development and Validation of a Clinical Model (SHACEA) for Post-stroke Cognitive Impairment Prognosis Occurred at Acute Phase and Last to 6 Months.

Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) leads to poor long-term stroke outcomes, severely increasing social and economic burdens. It is helpful to identify and intervene in PSCI in the early stage. This study intends to develop a new clinical risk score for identifying stroke survivors at significant risk of PSCI from the acute phase to 6 months of onset and to validate the new score using both internal and external cohorts.

FasterMLP efficient vision networks combining attention mechanisms and wavelet downsampling.

The integration of Multi-layer Perceptrons (MLPs), Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), and attention mechanisms has been demonstrated to significantly enhance model performance across various computer vision tasks. In this paper, a novel lightweight neural network architecture, FasterMLP, is proposed to achieve high computational efficiency and accuracy, particularly in resource-constrained and real-time applications. FasterMLP is designed to combine the local connectivity and weight-sharing properties of CNNs with the global feature representation capabilities of MLPs, while feature extraction is enhanced through the Convolutional Block Attention Module and spatial dimensions are effectively reduced using Haar wavelet downsampling without sacrificing critical feature information.

Stereoselective Synthesis of Conjugated Dienes via Aryl-to-Vinyl 1,4-Nickel Migration and Reductive Cross-Coupling.

Selective functionalization of remote C-H bonds via metal/hydride shift and cross-coupling represents a powerful strategy in modern synthetic chemistry. Herein, we report a highly efficient aryl-to-vinyl 1,4-nickel migration coupled with a reductive cross-coupling for the stereoselective synthesis of conjugated dienes. This tandem process proceeds under mild conditions, accommodates a wide range of substrates, and achieves excellent regioselectivity and Z/E stereoselectivity, offering a valuable method for constructing multisubstituted conjugated dienes.

D-Mannose-Mediated metabolic pathways sustain the molecular signatures of sperm function and fertilization.

Introduction: Mammalian sperm within a single ejaculate exhibit significant heterogeneity, with only a subset possessing the molecular characteristics required for successful fertilization. Identifying the defining traits of these high-fertility sperm remains an open question.

Objectives: To elucidate the molecular markers and mechanisms underlying the fertilization potential of sperm in both mice and humans, with a focus on the role of D-mannose.

Synthesis and Characterization of Polyimide with High Blackness and Low Thermal Expansion by Introducing 3,6-bis(thiophen-2-yl)diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Chromophores.

The market demand for black polyimide (BPI) has grown hugely in the field of flexible copper-clad laminates (FCCLs) as a replacement for transparent yellow polyimide. The 3,6-bis(thiophen-2-yl)diketopyrrolopyrroles (TDPP) derivative is recognized for its high molar extinction coefficient. In this research, we have synthesized a diamine monomer named 3,6-bis[5-(4-amino-3-fluorophenyl)thiophen-2-yl]-2,5-bis(2-ethylhexyl)pyrrolo[4,3-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione (DPPTENFPDA), featuring a TDPP unit attached by fluorinated benzene rings.

Enlarged Perivascular Spaces (EPVS) Associated with Functional and Cognitive Outcome After Aneurysm Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (aSAH).

Aneurysmal rupture is the main cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), leading to neurological and cognitive deficits. The clinical significance of enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS) on aSAH (aneurysm subarachnoid hemorrhage) outcomes was unclear. Our aim was to explore the association between EPVS and the clinical outcomes of aSAH.

Dissecting the genetic admixture and forensic signatures of ethnolinguistically diverse Chinese populations via a 114-plex NGS InDel panel.

Comprehensive characterizations of genetic diversity and demographic models of ethnolinguistically diverse Chinese populations are essential for elucidating their forensic characteristics and evolutionary past. We developed a 114-plex NGS InDel panel to genotype 114 genome-wide markers and investigated the genetic structures of Zhuang, Hui, Miao, Li, Tibetan, Yi, and Mongolian populations, encompassing five language families. This panel demonstrated robust performance, with exceptional potential for forensic individual identification and paternity testing, evidenced by the combined power of discrimination for 77 autosomal InDels (ranged from 1-3.

Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 KP.1, KP.1.1, KP.2 and KP.3 by human and murine sera.

We report SARS-CoV-2 KP.1, KP.1.

Comparative Efficacy of Colchicine and Intensive Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Lowering in Patients with Atherosclerotic Diseases receiving Statins: A Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Aims: Adding intensive low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)-lowering agents or colchicine to statin has been shown to result in additional cardiovascular benefits for patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD). We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of these supplementary agents in patients with ASCVD receiving statin.

Methods: We performed a systematic review and frequentist network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Effect of short-term 10 Hz repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation on postural control ability in patients with mild hemiparesis in acute ischemic stroke: a single-blinded randomized controlled trial.

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can improve postural control in subacute and chronic ischemic stroke, but further research is needed to investigate the effect of rTMS on acute ischemic stroke.

Objective: We compared the therapeutic effects of rTMS plus conventional rehabilitation and conventional rehabilitation on postural control in patients with mild hemiparesis in acute ischemic stroke.

Methods: Eighty-six patients with acute ischemic stroke were randomly assigned to either the experimental group or the control group within 1-7 days of onset.

Nickel-catalyzed regiodivergent sulfonylarylation of 1,3-enynes to access allenes and dienes.

The radical-mediated difunctionalization of 1,3-enynes facilitates rapid access to structurally diverse allenes and dienes. Whereas, owing to the existence of multiple active sites in conjugated 1,3-enynes, regulating selectivity in difunctionalized addition a single transition-metal-catalyzed radical tandem process remains elusive. Herein, we disclose an intriguing protocol of substrate-controlled nickel-catalyzed regiodivergent sulfonylarylation of 1,3-enynes with the assistance of sulfonyl chlorides and arylboronic acids.

Evaluation of a rapid multi-attribute combinatorial high-throughput UV-Vis/DLS/SLS analytical platform for rAAV quantification and characterization.

Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-based gene therapies are expanding in their application. Despite progress in manufacturing, current analytical methods for product quantification and characterization remain largely unchanged. Although critical for product and process development, in-process testing, and batch release, current analytical methods are labor-intensive, costly, and hampered by extended turnaround times and low throughput.