Intelligentization of Electromagnetic Functional Materials: From Design to Applications.

With advancements in radar detection and electromagnetic (EM) communication technologies, intelligentizing EM functional materials (EFMs) and endowing them with dynamic responsiveness across multi-spectral ranges, along with the ability to perceive and adapt to complex operation environments, is of significant importance. This article provides a comprehensive review of the recent progress in intelligent EFMs. It begins with the fundamentals of intelligent EFMs, with an emphasis on their EM response mechanisms and basic functions. The motivation and necessity of developing intelligent EFMs are then discussed. Thereafter, new advances, particularly in the design of intelligent EFMs for various applications, including EM communication systems, EM protection platforms, sensors, robots, energy harvesting devices, wearable electronics, healthcare, and environmental management, are highlighted. Lastly, this review concludes with an outlook on future directions, critical challenges to address, and possible solutions for intelligent EFMs.