Production of chondroitin by Corynebacterium glutamicum through co-utilization of glucose and xylose from corn straw.

Chondroitin sulfate (CS), a biopolymer with critical applications in osteoarthritis treatment and biomedical sectors, faces production challenges due to low yields and high costs. This study established a high-yield chondroitin (the major precursor of CS) production platform in Corynebacterium glutamicum for the simultaneous utilization of glucose and xylose from corn straw hydrolysate. Firstly, through codon optimization of genes encoding chondroitin synthase (KfoC) and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-4-epimerase (KfoA), combined with tailoring metabolic pathways and medium components for chondroitin synthesis, yielded the high-titer strain CgC25.

miR-497-5p augments sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity by facilitating ubiquitination-dependent degradation of NOTCH1 via targeting SMURF2.

This study aimed to explore how miR-497-5p affects sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity and cognitive impairment in neonatal rats, examining its role in promoting neuronal survival by regulating the protein SMURF2 and its effect on NOTCH1 signaling. Neonatal rats were exposed to sevoflurane, and their learning and memory were assessed using the Morris water maze and fear conditioning tests. RNA sequencing identified a significant decrease in miR-497-5p levels.

Global Trends in Non-Invasive Techniques for the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Bibliometric and Visualization Analysis.

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a globally prevalent condition. Emerging technologies like biomarkers, imaging, multi-omics, and artificial intelligence (AI) are driving research into non-invasive diagnosis and monitoring.

Objective: To provide a comprehensive overview of the hotspots and future research trends in non-invasive diagnosis and monitoring of NAFLD.

The burden of stroke attributable to ambient particulate matter pollution in China: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Stroke remains a major contributor to mortality and disability in China, with ambient particulate matter (PM) pollution identified as a critical modifiable risk factor. Leveraging data from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 study, this research quantifies the burden of stroke attributable to ambient PM pollution in China from 1990 to 2021. Analyses included age-standardized prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and comparisons with global, Asian, and US trends.

YAP as a therapeutic target in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: insights and strategies.

Background: Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a core component of the Hippo pathway, which functions as an oncogene in various cancers. However, emerging evidence has shown that YAP can also act as a tumor suppressor. Therefore, understanding the function and molecular mechanism of YAP is crucial for developing YAP-targeted drugs in tumors.

Analysis on factors controlling organic matter enrichment in marine-terrestrial transitional shale of Member 1, Upper Carboniferous Keluke Formation, Huaitoutala area, east of northern margin of Qaidam Basin, China.

The organic-rich shale of the Member 1 of the Keluke Formation (in this paper referred to as Member 1) has been newly discovered as a good source rock reservoir in the western Delingha Depression, Huaitoutala area in the east part of the northern margin of Qaidam Basin, but the factors that control the enrichment of the organic matter in the shale are still unclear. In this paper, the paleo-climate, redox condition, paleo-salinity, hydrothermal activity and primary productivity of the dark shale in Member 1 are studied based on the analysis results of the total organic carbon (TOC), the element geochemistry and the whole rock mineral testing, and the enrichment mechanism of organic matter is discussed. Based on the vertical variation of the TOC contents, the Member 1 shale section is divided into two sub-sections (Sub-section I and Sub-section II), with the TOC content of Sub-section II (avg.

Accelerated CrO electroreduction with NO/NO electron shuttle and in cathode microchannels.

The primary limitation of CrO electroreduction arises from the electrostatic repulsion between the cathodic electric double layer and anionic species. To overcome this limitation, we developed a strategy that involved two steps: transfering electrons from the cathode surface to the bulk solution via the NO/NO redox cycle, and shortening the diffusion distance of anions to the cathodic surface by means of cathodic microchannels whose average radius is only 10 μm. When CrO solution containing NO flowed through the cathodic microchannels, the CrO removal rate reached 18.

Study on Mach-Zehnder optical isolator based on magneto-optic photonic crystal fiber.

Optical isolators are important components in fiber optic communication and sensing systems. Conventional optical isolators, including bulk and in-line fiber types, mainly rely on the Faraday rotation effect and require external magnetic fields, which result in structural complexity and integration challenges. In this paper, a fiber-type optical isolator based on magneto-optic photonic crystal fiber (MO-PCF) is proposed, which utilizes non-reciprocal phase shifts (NRPS) in a Mach-Zehnder configuration.

Unveiling the carbon-reduction potential of data sharing: A quasi-experimental investigation of public data open platforms in Chinese cities.

Existing research predominantly delves into the environmental governance performance of the digital economy, ignoring the latent values of data factors. Public Data Open Platforms (PDOPs) have released vast amounts of public data, fostering high-level applications of data across multiple industries and domains. By employing panel data from 281 cities in China spanning 2006-2021, we empirically verify the impact of PDOPs on city-level carbon reduction, supported by various robustness tests, including the PSM-DID and placebo tests.

Preparation and characterization of microcapsules using an acid-tolerant sanxan gum combined with sodium alginate/chitosan and their application in Lactobacillus plantarum delivery.

The oral delivery of probiotics faces numerous challenges, particularly the acidic gastric environment. This study aimed to construct microcapsules using acid-resistant polysaccharide sanxan gum (SG) combined with sodium alginate (SA) and chitosan (CS), and to evaluate their protective effects on the probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum (Lp) during in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Sanxan gum, an edible polysaccharide produced by Sphingomonas sanxanigenens strain, is composed of mannose, glucuronic acid, rhamnose, and glucose.

Nexus of clean energy internet with energy poverty and health: Evidence from China.

Inadequate availability of clean electrical energy may cause new risks of energy poverty. We use data from 30 Chinese provinces from 2000 to 2022 and construct a fixed-effects model that accounts for cross-sectional dependence to evaluate the impact of energy internet development on energy poverty. The findings show that (1) the energy internet effectively addresses a new type of energy poverty brought on by a shortage of renewable resources and energy misallocation.

Association of Ischemic Stroke with Zoster Risk: A Mendelian Randomized Study.

Background: Recent observational investigations suggest a likely correlation between stroke lacking a blood supply-cerebral arterial thrombosis (ischemic stroke) and herpes zoster (HZ), although the causality remains unclear. This study aims to explore the potential causal link in relation to ischemic stroke and HZ. We performed a Mendelian randomization analysis (MR).

A Multifunctional Nanodelivery System Modified by Fusion Peptides Acts as Teriparatide Carrier for Noise-Induced Hearing Loss Therapy.

Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is among the most poorly treated diseases due to irreversible damage to hair cells. Reactive oxygen species contribute to NIHL pathogenesis by injuring the inner ear hair cells. Teriparatide (PTH1-34) exerts antioxidant properties in the context of osteoporosis.

Impact of β-Carotene Enrichment on Carotenoid Composition and Gene Expression in Metanauplii.

Background: Carotenoids play essential nutritional and physiological roles in aquatic animals. Since aquatic species cannot synthesize carotenoids de novo, they must obtain these compounds from their diet to meet the physiological and adaptive requirements needed in specific aquaculture stages and conditions. Carotenoid supplementation in represents a promising strategy to enhance pigmentation, health, and growth in aquaculture species, particularly in larvae and other early developmental stages.

Analysis of clinical characteristics and predictive model for effective treatment of tinnitus in patients with transient compound sound therapy.

Purpose: This study explored the clinical characteristics of patients with tinnitus who responded to sound therapy and established a predictive model to evaluate the effectiveness of this therapy according to the clinical characteristics.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 991 subjective tinnitus patients who received compound sound therapy in the Department of Otolaryngology of the local hospital from November 2019 to January 2022.

Results: We found that tinnitus patients with different therapeutic effects had significant differences in the tinnitus side ( = 0.

NEDD4L contributes to ferroptosis and cell growth inhibition in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by facilitating xCT ubiquitination.

The oncogene xCT plays an indispensable role in tumor growth by protecting cancer cells from oxidative stress and ferroptosis. Emerging evidence indicated xCT function is tightly controlled by posttranslational modifications, especially ubiquitination. However, it still remains unclear what specific regulatory mechanism of xCT by ubiquitin ligases in human cancers.

Transmitted drug resistance and molecular transmission network among treatment-naive HIV-1 patients in Wenzhou, China, 2020-2023.

Background: Transmitted drug resistance (TDR) increases the risk of antiretroviral therapy (ART) failure in HIV-1 patients. This study investigated the molecular epidemiology of TDR and its transmission networks among newly diagnosed HIV-1 patients in Wenzhou, China.

Methods: We enrolled 1878 ART-naive HIV-1 patients from January 2020 to October 2023.

The Impact of Fentanyl on the Effective Dose of Remimazolam-Induced Sedation in Elderly Female Patients: An Up-and-Down Sequential Allocation Trial.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the influence of fentanyl on the effective dose of remimazolam-induced sedation in elderly female patients undergoing general anesthesia.

Patients And Methods: Sixty female patients aged 65-80 years undergoing selective general anesthesia were randomized into two groups: Group R+F received an initial dose of remimazolam (7.5 mg) with fentanyl (1 μg/kg), while Group R received remimazolam alone.

Calcitriol alleviates noise-induced hearing loss by regulating the ATF3/DUSP1 signalling pathway.

Background: Calcitriol (Cal) is the most active metabolite of vitamin D and has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Cal in noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) to further elucidate the mechanism of noise-induced oxidative stress in the mouse cochlea.

Methods: C57BL/6 J mice were given six intraperitoneal injections of Cal (500 ng/kg/d).

Health welfare in the digital era: Exploring the impact of digital trade on residents' health.

As a product combining information and communication technology, digital technology, and traditional trade, digital trade represents a new form of international trade development in the context of economic globalization. As its scale continues to expand, digital trade not only profoundly impacts consumer health behaviors and environmental pollution control but also enhances opportunities for residents to access healthcare products and services. This could potentially have a significant promoting effect on residents' health levels.

Unraveling the signaling network between dysregulated microRNA and mRNA expression in sevoflurane-induced developmental neurotoxicity in rat.

Research has indicated that general anesthesia may cause neuroapoptosis and long-term cognitive dysfunction in developing animals, however, the precise mechanisms orchestrating these outcomes remain inadequately elucidated within scholarly discourse. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of sevoflurane on the hippocampus of developing rats by analyzing the changes in microRNA and mRNA and their interactions. Rats were exposed to sevoflurane for 4 h on their seventh day after birth, and the hippocampus was collected for analysis of neuroapoptosis by Western blot and immunohistochemistry.