A generalist foundation model and database for open-world medical image segmentation.

Vision foundation models have demonstrated vast potential in achieving generalist medical segmentation capability, providing a versatile, task-agnostic solution through a single model. However, current generalist models involve simple pre-training on various medical data containing irrelevant information, often resulting in the negative transfer phenomenon and degenerated performance. Furthermore, the practical applicability of foundation models across diverse open-world scenarios, especially in out-of-distribution (OOD) settings, has not been extensively evaluated.

Progress in antisenescence biomaterials for improved osteoarthritis therapy.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease closely associated with aging for which current treatments are limited primarily to symptomatic relief and fail to reverse pathological progression. A growing body of evidence indicates that the accumulation of senescent cells is a central driver of OA pathogenesis. This review systematically summarizes the latest advancements in antisenescence biomaterials for OA therapy, emphasizing their potential to overcome the limitations of conventional approaches by improving drug targeting, prolonging drug release kinetics, and increasing bioavailability.

Reducing priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in coal tar pitch through alkylation: Mechanism and potential toxicity evaluation.

Coal tar pitch (CTP) is a carbon material with abundant yield in China, but the toxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contained in it have restricted its broader applications. In order to reduce the PAHs content, an alkylation method was developed in this study to modify CTP (MCTP) by using 1-dodecene as the alkylating reagent, and the optimal reaction conditions (temperature 170 °C, time 4 h, solvent dosage 60 times that of CTP, and alkylating reagent dosage 4 times that of CTP) for synthesizing the MCTP were determined by alkylation modification with model compounds. Compared with CTP, the content of PAHs in MCTP was reduced by 97.

Development and validation of a predictive model for disease-free progression in triple-negative breast cancer: A retrospective study using color Doppler ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging.

Objective: Because triple-negative breast cancer has a poor prognosis, adjuvant intensive therapy can effectively improve its prognosis. How to make accurate decisions is lacking of research.This study aimed to develop and validate a model to predict disease-free progression in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) using breast color Doppler ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), to facilitate precision in clinical intervention.

Direct Ink Writing of Multifunctional Silica-Reinforced Zirconia Aerogels via Electrostatic Attraction-Assisted Co-Gelation.

ZrO aerogels are renowned for their exceptional stability and high positive charge, positioning them as promising candidates for various applications. However, the inherent frangibility and contractibility of ZrO aerogels pose significant challenges in processing and drying intactly. In this study, we introduce a novel approach to fabricate 3D-printed ZrO-based aerogels through electrostatic attraction-assisted cogelation process, utilizing a silica reinforcement and rheological adjustment strategy.

Cluster analysis of family resilience in adolescents with emotional disorders: a cross-sectional study.

Objectives: This study evaluated the current state of family resilience in adolescents diagnosed with emotional disorders, incorporating perspectives from both the patients and their primary caregivers.

Method: A cross-sectional study design was employed, involving 281 adolescent aged 12 to 18 years diagnosed with emotional disorders and their primary caregivers, recruited from a psychiatric specialty hospital in China between December 2023 and July 2024. Both groups completed standardized assessments of family resilience and family functioning.

Evaluation of glymphatic system activity and lateralization by diffusion tensor imaging in Parkinson's disease with excessive daytime sleepiness.

Introduction: This research explored the relationship between glymphatic system function, hemispheric dominance, and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients through diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS).

Methods: We analyzed 3.0 T MR scans of PD patients and healthy controls (HCs).

Cerebral Infarction Following Unilateral Decompressive Craniectomy in Patients With Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes.

Objective: Severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) is a life-threatening condition that often necessitates decompressive craniectomy (DC) to manage refractory intracranial hypertension. However, cerebral infarction is a serious postoperative complication that can severely impact patient outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the incidence, risk factors, and prognostic implications of cerebral infarction following unilateral frontotemporoparietal DC in patients with sTBI.

Mechanism of self-driven naphthol blue black degradation in Fe(III)-activated peracetic acid system: Dominant role of high-valent iron species.

The iron-activated peracetic acid (PAA) system is a novel green advanced oxidation process (AOP), but conventional Fe(III)-activated PAA systems suffer from low efficiency and require co-activator for iron cycling. This study demonstrated efficient degradation of the organic pollutant Naphthol Blue Black (NBB) in a Fe(III)/PAA system without additional co-activator, achieving 95.7 % removal within 7 min, slightly higher than that observed with Fe(II).

Age-related vaginal microecology and infection epidemiology among premenopausal and postmenopausal gynecologic outpatients: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Postmenopausal estrogen deficiency disrupts vaginal microecological balance. This cross-sectional study investigates the epidemiology of vaginal infections and alterations in microbiota composition, enzymes, and metabolites among premenopausal and postmenopausal gynecologic outpatients.

Methods: The study analyzed the vaginal microecology data from 27,346 women who underwent examinations at Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital between 2018 and 2023.

Efficacy of minimally invasive small-incision-assisted reduction with percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation in pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures.

Objectives: To retrospectively evaluate whether minimally invasive small-incision-assisted reduction with percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation (MIAR-PKWF) provides superior clinical outcomes compared to conventional closed reduction with Kirschner wire fixation (CR-KWF) in pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures (SCHFs), focusing on surgical outcomes, postoperative recovery, and elbow joint function.

Methods: A total of 100 pediatric SCHF cases were included and divided into either an observation group (MIAR-PKWF, n=55) or a control group (standard CR-KWF, n=45) based on their treatment approach. Outcome measures included operative time, recovery indicators, radiographic and serological parameters, elbow joint function, elbow range of motion, complications, and post-reduction swelling.

Exposure-Response Analysis of Repotrectinib to Support the Dose Recommendation for Patients With ROS1-Positive NSCLC or NTRK-Positive Solid Tumors.

To support the benefit-risk assessment and dose justification of repotrectinib for patients with c-ros oncogene 1 (ROS1) positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) or neurotrophin receptor tyrosine kinase (NTRK)-positive solid tumors, exposure-response analyses were conducted. The analysis used data from the TRIDENT-1 trial for key clinical efficacy endpoints-objective response rate (ORR) and progression-free survival (PFS), as well as 5 clinical safety endpoints: Grade 2 or higher (Gr2+) dizziness, Gr2+ anemia, Grade 3 or higher (Gr3+) treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs), Gr2+ neurologic AEs, and dose reduction or interruption due to AEs. The exposure-response relationship for ORR was characterized by logistic regression with average repotrectinib exposure over the first 56 days of dosing; PFS or safety endpoints were evaluated by Cox proportional-hazards models with time-varying cumulative half-daily average drug concentration.

Kun-Qi birth cohort (KQBC) study for the incidence, aetiology and risk factors of chronic kidney disease in Chinese children: a cohort profile.

Purpose: The Kun-Qi birth cohort (KQBC) was established to investigate the incidence, aetiology and risk factors of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in early childhood (0-6 years). Additionally, the study analysed developmental phenotypic trajectories and their associated paediatric diseases.

Participants: Infants registered or residing in Kunshan and Qidong, Jiangsu Province, who participated in the Chinese Child Healthcare Programme (0-6 years) were enrolled.

Diphanes: cage-like compounds featuring two cavities.

Diphanes refer to cage-like compounds featuring two discrete cavities, which are capable of selectively encapsulating and/or discriminating multiple guest molecules. This unique dual-cavity design could enable versatile applications in molecular recognition, separation, multiphase catalysis, and adsorption. In this feature article, we present a timely overview of synthetic strategies for diphanes with diverse shapes and functions.

Construction of a Nomogram Model for Predicting Prognosis in Breast Cancer Patients Based on the Expression of THRSP and ACACA Proteins Tissues.

Background: This study aimed to analyze the expression of thyroid hormone-responsive spot 14 (THRSP) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) proteins in breast cancer tumor tissues and their relationship with clinicopathology and prognosis of breast cancer patients. In addition, a nomogram model to predict the prognosis of breast cancer patients was constructed in this study.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of 202 cases of breast cancer patients who underwent surgical treatment in our hospital from October 2019 to March 2021, and collection of patients' cancer tissues and non-Tumor tissue specimens.

Risk-Stratified Pretransplant Immunosuppressive Strategy Improves Outcomes of Unrelated Cord Blood Transplantation in Pediatric β-Thalassemia Major.

Unrelated umbilical cord blood transplantation (UD-UCBT) is a curative option for children with β-thalassemia major (β-TM) who lack HLA-matched sibling donors. However, challenges such as low CD34+ cell dose, pre-existing immune activation, and iron overload contribute to poor engraftment and high transplant-related mortality (TRM) in high-risk patients. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a novel 5-factor risk-stratified pretransplant immunosuppressive strategy, combined with a myeloablative conditioning regimen featuring "early" reduced-dose anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG), in improving transplant outcomes and immune reconstitution in pediatric patients undergoing UD-UCBT for β-TM.

Smart Health Evaluation for Lithium-Ion Battery With Super-Short-Segment Charging.

Accurate state of health estimation is crucial for the reliable operation of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles. The charging curve contains valuable features for health evaluation, but real-world charging often lacks sufficient data due to the users' early recharging habits. A smart method is proposed for accurate battery health estimation using super-short charging segments.

Diffusion-tensor MRI study of the relationship between glymphatic system asymmetry and onset lateralization in Parkinson's disease.

The characteristic asymmetric motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) may be associated with asymmetric deposition of α-synuclein. The impaired glymphatic system may promote pathological deposition of α-synuclein, leading to disease progression. The aim of this study was to investigate the function of the glymphatic system in PD patients with unilateral motor symptom onset using diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular spaces (DTI-ALPS) method, and to elucidate the relationship between glymphatic system asymmetry and the side of motor symptom onset.

Severe Hydrops of an Idiopathic Solitary Kidney and Ureter:Report of One Case.

Hydronephrosis is a common urological disease,and pregnancy with hydronephrosis is also common.However,it is extremely rare that patients suffering from hydronephrosis after delivery cannot recover on their own.Moreover,due to the no specificity of clinical manifestations,it is easy to be ignored by clinicians.

Inhibition of neuronal necroptosis via disruption of RIPK1-RIPK3 Interactions: The role of neural stem cell-derived exosomes in spinal cord injury recovery.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) poses a significant economic and public health burden. Exosomes derived from neural stem cells (NSC-Exos) are emerging as a promising therapeutic strategy for SCI repair, overcoming several limitations associated with both autologous and allogeneic neural stem cell therapies. This study demonstrates that NSC-Exos are efficiently internalized by the injured spinal cord after co-injection, resulting in substantial motor function recovery in murine models.

Lower diffusion-derived vessel density (DDVD) measure of liver focal nodular hyperplasia than those of hepatocellular carcinoma and liver metastasis allows potential differential diagnosis: quantitative and semi-quantitative analyses of two-center data.

Background: Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) and liver cancers are commonly differentiated by contrast enhanced scan, particularly with the application of hepatobiliary-specific contrast agents. This study aims to investigate the diffusion-derived vessel density (DDVD) difference between liver FNH and liver malignant lesions [hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and metastasis].

Methods: The liver diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) dataset-1 had 8 cases of FNH, 56 cases of HCC, and 14 cases of liver metastases.

High-mechanical properties, anti-freezing, and self-regeneration zwitterionic poly (ionic liquid) hydrogel reinforced by cellulose nanofibers for strain sensor applications.

A novel zwitterionic poly (ionic liquid) hydrogel was constructed through the room-temperature in situ polymerization of acrylamide (Am), 3-(1-vinyl-3-imidazolio) propanesulfonate (ZILs), cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) and lithium chloride (LiCl). The synergistic effects in the network (i.e.

Exploration of the Relationship between Macrophage-Related Proteins and the Risk and Prognosis of Breast Cancer.

Background: Macrophage-related proteins play a crucial role in breast cancer. The present study explored the relationship between macrophage-related proteins and breast cancer using Mendelian randomization (MR) for genetic variations and bioinformatics methods for transcriptomics.

Methods: Genetic instruments associated with macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), macrophage inflammatory protein 1α (MIP-1α), macrophage inflammatory protein 1β (MIP-1β), and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were gathered from genome-wide association studies (GWAS).

Juanbi Qianggu Formula inhibits fibroblast-like synovicytes activation via repressing LncRNA ITSN1-2 to promote RIP2 K48 ubiquitination.

Background: Long non-coding RNA ITSN1-2(lncRNA ITSN1-2) promotes fibroblast-like synovicytes (FLS) proliferation and suppress apoptosis through activation of the NOD2/RIP2 signaling pathway, thereby exacerbating synovitis in Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathology. Juanbi Qianggu Formula (JBQG), a clinically efficacious traditional Chinese medicine, has shown significant efficiency in inhibiting FLS activation in RA and alleviating disease progression in RA patients. However, the molecular mechanism underlying JBQG's anti-arthritic effects remains incompletely understood, particularly regarding its potential to modulate lncRNA ITSN1-2-mediated NOD2/RIP2 signaling in FLS activation.