Resolving tumor microenvironment heterogeneity to forecast immunotherapy response in triple-negative breast cancer through multi-scale analysis.

Background: Immunotherapy has been used in the clinical management of TNBC. While BRCA1 mutations are associated with immunotherapy response, the therapeutic outcomes in TNBC patients are not promising.

Methods: This study integrated spatial, single-cell, and bulk RNA-seq data to explore the role of BRCA1 in reshaping the TNBC microenvironment.

[Pediatric salivary pleomorphic adenoma: report of 30 cases].

To summarize the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment experience of salivary pleomorphic adenoma in children. Thirty patients with salivary pleomorphic adenomas treated in Beijing Childrens Hospital from January 2008 to December 2022 were retrospectively reviewed, including 11 boys and 19 girls, with the age ranging from 0.3 to 14.

Genetic diversity and comprehensive evaluation of physicochemical traits in Phyllanthus emblica L. for breeding and resource utilization.

Phyllanthus emblica L. is a nutritionally and medicinally valuable fruit tree with extensive germplasm diversity. This study evaluated 61 genetically diverse accessions collected from China and South Asia for 27 physicochemical traits, including 13 physical and 14 chemical attributes, to assess genetic diversity and identify elite germplasm for breeding.

Exploring hemorrhagic shock as a complication of negative pressure wound therapy in the treatment of lumbar spine infection: a case study and literature review.

Lumbar infectious diseases are serious debilitating conditions, and their treatment poses significant challenges. With the advancement of minimally invasive spinal techniques, negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has been widely recognized as an effective method for preventing and treating infected wounds. However, studies specifically focusing on hemorrhagic shock as a complication of NPWT in lumbar spine infections are limited.

Dual molecularly imprinted nanocomposite with transferrin mediated glioma targeting and cholesterol exhaustion for synergistic cuproptosis/immune checkpoint blockade/immunogenic cell death.

Effective therapies for Glioblastoma (GBM) are often challenging by virtue of the intracranial location of GBM tumors, molecular heterogeneity, high recurrence rate, and overall resistance to treatment. Therefore, we proposed the development of doxorubicin (DOX) loaded molecularly imprinted nanocomposites (DOX@MINPs-TRF/ChO) using transferrin (TRF) and cholesterol (ChO) as dual-template and Cu nanoparticles (Cu@BSNs) as a functional monomer for enhancing the treatment of GBM. The results showed that DOX@MINPs-TRF/ChO specifically and effectively adsorbed TRF in blood circulation and subsequently enhanced the brain tumor targeting capability specific binding with transferrin receptors (TfR) highly expressed on the surface of GL261 cells.

CD9 regulates proliferation, invasion, migration and radioresistance of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by activating AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway.

Background: Radioresistance poses a major therapeutic challenge in ESCC, significantly impacting patient prognosis. CD9, as a crucial membrane regulatory protein, exhibits dual regulatory roles in various cancers, yet its precise mechanism in ESCC radioresistance remains unclear. This study aims to systematically elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which CD9 regulates malignant phenotypes and radiosensitivity through the AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway in ESCC.

Cholecystokinin-expressing GABA neurons elicit long-term potentiation in the cortical inhibitory synapses and attenuate sound-shock associative memory.

Neuronal interactions between inhibitory and excitatory neurons play a pivotal role in regulating the balance of excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system (CNS). Consequently, the efficacy of inhibitory/excitatory synapses profoundly affects neural network processing and overall neuronal functions. Here, we describe a novel form of long-term potentiation (LTP) induced at cortical inhibitory synapses and its behavioral consequences.

A Multicenter Study of Acute Abdomen in Children With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: CCCG-ALL-2015.

Objective: Acute abdomen presents a significant challenge in the treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), potentially leading to treatment failure and treatment-related mortality. Results from the multicenter study of CCCG-ALL-2015 showed significant improvements in overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) for childhood ALL. However, the primary aim of this study was to determine the incidence, risk factors, and clinical impact of acute abdomen in the CCCG-ALL-2015 protocol, with the ultimate goal in the future of establishing evidence-based preventive strategies to reduce its occurrence.

Enhanced production of sabinene by engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae from corn hydrolysates.

Sabinene is a type of monoterpene that is widely used in flavors, fragrances and pharmaceuticals. Though sabinene biosynthesis has been investigated in a variety of microorganisms, application of sabinene is still limited due to its high production cost and lesser yielding strains. The baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is generally recognized as safe (GRAS), is a suitable cell factory for the food and beverage industries.

The role of neutrophil-related indicators in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a severe subtype of hemorrhagic stroke with a high rate of disability and mortality. With advances in diagnosis and treatment, early intervention for intracranial aneurysms (craniotomy clamping and interventional embolization) can effectively prevent rebleeding. However, early brain injury (EBI) and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) caused by aSAH still result in fatalities among hospitalized patients.

Pore-scale mechanisms of salt precipitation in heterogeneous media under geological carbon storage conditions.

Salt precipitation, driven by CO-induced brine dry-out in deep saline formations, poses a significant risk to the long-term efficiency and safety of geological carbon storage. We developed a porous media lab-on-a-chip platform that mimics intrinsic heterogeneity by embedding small-scale features into a high-permeability matrix. The model effectively reproduces dual-permeability zones with permeability values comparable to real rock samples.

Kerr-lens mode-locked, diode-pumped Yb,Gd:YAP laser generating 23 fs pulses.

We report on the generation of sub-30 fs pulses from a diode-pumped Yb,Gd:YAP laser. Using soft-aperture Kerr-lens mode-locking, soliton pulses as short as 23 fs were achieved at 1082.3 nm, with an average output power of 45 mW at a repetition rate of 67.

Study of the polarization locking transmission mechanism during the second harmonic generation.

This study investigates the transmission mechanism of the beat-frequency signal of the fundamental wave during extra-cavity second harmonic generation (SHG) in Nd:YAG laser. By precisely controlling intracavity anisotropic losses, we observe that the beat-frequency signal in the second harmonic had approximately twice the amplitude of the fundamental wave. Furthermore, the output efficiency of the second harmonic is significantly improved.

Diode-pumped mode-locked Yb:YScO laser.

To the best of our knowledge, we report on the mode-locking of the mixed sesquioxide single crystal Yb:YScO for the first time. The spectra of Yb ions in this crystal were studied at both room temperature and low temperature. A continuous-wave laser output at 1080 nm was achieved using a fiber-coupled semiconductor laser, with a pump wavelength of 976 nm, in the Yb:YScO crystal, yielding a maximum output power of 7.

Thermal-driven orthogonally polarized eye-safe dual-wavelength Er,Yb:YAl(BO) microchip laser.

We present a thermal-driven, orthogonally polarized, eye-safe dual-wavelength microchip laser based on an cut Er,Yb:YAl(BO) (Er,Yb:YAB) crystal, operating without the need for additional intracavity elements. Two thermal management schemes were investigated, revealing that additional end-face cooling effectively reduces internal temperature gradients within the crystal. As a result, the laser achieved a total output power of 1.

Sub-40-fs diode-pumped ytterbium-doped mixed rare-earth calcium oxoborate laser.

We present a detailed comparative investigation of the continuous-wave and mode-locked laser performance of a mixed rare-earth calcium oxoborate crystal, Yb:(Gd,Y)CaO(BO), abbreviated as Yb:(Gd,Y)COB, for all three principal optical polarizations. Pumped by a low-power, single-transverse-mode, fiber-coupled laser diode at 976 nm, the Yb:(Gd,Y)COB laser generated soliton pulses as short as 32 fs at 1052.4 nm via soft-aperture Kerr-lens mode-locking, delivering an average output power of 51 mW at ∼66.

Exploring the frequency degenerate range of the three-dimensional structured lights in selectively end-pumped Nd:YVO laser.

Three-dimensional (3D) structured light is a complex form of structured light characterized by ray-wave duality. The principle for generating 3D structured laser transverse modes has been well-established through numerous experiments. However, little research has been focused on the frequency degeneracy range during the process of obtaining these modes.

Risk factors and outcomes of asparaginase-associated pancreatitis in pediatric patients with ALL.

Asparaginase-associated pancreatitis (AAP) is a significant complication in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) therapy, often leading to treatment delays or discontinuation. This study aimed to identify AAP risk factors, assess outcomes after first and second episodes, and evaluate the impact of asparaginase rechallenge. We retrospectively analyzed 7,640 patients (aged 1 month-18 years) treated under the Chinese Children Cancer Group ALL 2015 protocol.

Cellular senescence in cancer: from mechanism paradoxes to precision therapeutics.

Cellular senescence is a double-edged sword in cancer biology, functioning as both a tumor-suppressive mechanism and a driver of malignancy. Initially, senescence acts as a protective barrier by arresting the proliferation of damaged or oncogene-expressing cells via pathways such as oncogene-induced senescence and the DNA damage response. However, persistent senescence-associated secretory phenotype and metabolic reprogramming in senescent cells create a pro-inflammatory, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, fueling cancer progression, therapy resistance, and metastasis.

Deciphering the Proteomic Landscape of Circulating Extracellular Vesicles in Human Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm.

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is the most prevalent and lethal form of arterial aneurysm, frequently manifesting asymptomatically until a catastrophic rupture occurs. While various diagnostic imaging tools and several potential biomarkers have been explored for the purpose of early AAA screening, the usage of liquid biopsy such as extracellular vesicles (EVs)-carried protein for the early diagnosis of AAA is still being overlooked. In this study, we enrolled 18 AAA patients and nine healthy normal controls, including data from the National Drug Clinical Trial Organisation-Vascular Surgery (NDCTO) (in-house cohort) and the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital) (external cohort).

Extracellular Vesicle Protein Panel Enables Early Lung Cancer Detection in a Large Clinical Cohort.

The early detection and diagnosis of lung cancer through extracellular vesicle (EV)-based liquid biopsy show substantial promise for enhancing clinical outcomes. Nonetheless, there is a scarcity of large-scale clinical investigations validating EV-based liquid biopsy. To evaluate the EV membrane protein panel as a diagnostic tool for early-stage cancer detection and validate its efficacy and clinical applicability, a cohort comprised of 302 individuals without cancer and 645 with lung cancer was recruited.

Targeted Delivery of Exosome-Derived miRNA-185-5p Inhibitor via Liposomes Alleviates Apoptosis and Cuproptosis in Dilated Cardiomyopathy.

Purpose: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a prevalent form of heart failure with limited therapeutic options. This study explores a novel treatment strategy involving the delivery of exosome-derived miRNA-185-5p inhibitors encapsulated in liposomes, aiming to target cardiac tissue and alleviate myocardial apoptosis and cuproptosis in DCM.

Methods: The miRNA-185-5p inhibitor, identified in our previous study and extracted from exosomes, was encapsulated in liposomes functionalized with a cardiac-targeting peptide.

GC-IMS identification of early-warning biomarkers and fungal community dynamics during cigar tobacco mold process.

Introduction: Mold-derived contamination in cigar tobacco leaves causes severe economic losses and health risks due to mycotoxin production. This study aimed to identify early-warning biomarkers for mold and elucidate their interaction with fungal communities.

Method: Gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) combined with high-throughput sequencing was employed to profile volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and fungal communities during artificial molding.

Hepatocyte uptake ratio derived from T1 mapping for quantitative assessment of liver fibrosis.

Objectives: To investigate the diagnostic potential of T1 mapping-derived parameters for liver fibrosis, offering a quantitative approach to guide treatment strategies.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective study, patients with chronic liver disease who underwent magnetic resonance imaging and pathological evaluation of the liver between April 2018 and May 2024 were included. The pre-contrast (T1pre) and post-contrast (T1post) T1 relaxation times, the difference between T1pre and T1post (ΔT1), reduction rates of T1 relaxation times, hepatocyte uptake ratio, and hepatocyte uptake index (KHep), were derived from pre-contrast and post-contrast T1 mapping images, and the liver-to-spleen signal intensity ratio (LSR) was measured on hepatobiliary phase images.