Hyperbaric oxygen augments Doxil antitumor efficacy by reducing tumor-induced lactate.

Compared to healthy individuals, cancer patients exhibit significantly elevated lactate. While numerous studies have revealed the critical role of lactate in fostering an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, the effects of lactate on cancer nanomedicine (e.g.

CD9 regulates proliferation, invasion, migration and radioresistance of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by activating AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway.

Background: Radioresistance poses a major therapeutic challenge in ESCC, significantly impacting patient prognosis. CD9, as a crucial membrane regulatory protein, exhibits dual regulatory roles in various cancers, yet its precise mechanism in ESCC radioresistance remains unclear. This study aims to systematically elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which CD9 regulates malignant phenotypes and radiosensitivity through the AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway in ESCC.

Evaluating the nonlinear effects of sleep duration on biological aging across phenotypic, genomic, and epigenomic data.

Short and long sleep durations have been inconsistently linked to aging and health outcomes, potentially due to underexplored nonlinear associations. Using phenotypic and genomic data from the UK Biobank (n=442,664), we applied multivariable linear regression, restricted cubic splines, and Mendelian randomization (MR) to analyze nonlinear relationships between self-reported sleep duration and biomarkers of accelerated aging: PhenoAge acceleration (PhenoAgeAccel), BioAge acceleration (BioAgeAccel), and leukocyte telomere length (LTL). Functional annotation analyses were performed to assess potential shared biological pathways using epigenomic profiles.

Systematic Analysis of an Immune-Related Gene Signature for Predicting Prognosis and Immune Characteristics in Primary Lower Grade Glioma.

Immune-related genes (IRGs) have been increasingly recognized as critical determinants in the multistage processes of cancer development and progression. However, the functional roles of IRGs in the incidence and progression of LGG remain to be studied. This study is aimed at establishing a robust IRGs signature through systematic bioinformatics analysis, followed by an in-depth investigation of the molecular mechanisms underlying its functional roles.

Relationship between growth mindset and self-rated health in Chinese college teachers: sequential mediating effect of health self-efficacy and physical exercise.

Background: Chinese college teachers' health issues have become increasingly significant, making it crucial to promote their physical health. Based on self-regulation theory, this study aims to explore the relationship and underlying mechanisms between Chinese college teachers' growth mindset of health and their self-rated health.

Methods: The study involved 456 Chinese college teachers (213 males, 243 females) who filled out a questionnaire measuring their growth mindset of health, health self-efficacy, physical exercise, and self-rated health.

Spillover-Mediated H* Redistribution Promotes Electrocatalytic Acetonitrile Hydrogenation in PEM Reactors.

Electrocatalytic acetonitrile hydrogenation (EAH) provides a sustainable route for ethylamine synthesis, yet suffers from low productivity, competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and high energy consumption due to suboptimal catalyst and reactor design. To overcome these challenges, we describe a palladium-copper hybrid catalyst that employs spillover-mediated active hydrogen (H*) redistribution mechanism. Hydrogen spillover from palladium with high H* coverage to copper with low H* coverage creates H* redistribution: reduced H* coverage of Pd mitigates HER while maintaining efficient EAH, and increased H* availability of Cu promotes EAH without activating stagnant HER.

Nylon mesh chip promotes three-dimensional visualization of intestinal organoids.

Organoids are pivotal for bridging cellular-level and organism-level biological studies; however, significant challenges persist in their three-dimensional (3D) visualization. This study presents a nylon mesh chip designed to overcome these obstacles specifically for intestinal organoids (IOs). The chip, meticulously fabricated and assembled, comprises an upper glass layer, a nylon mesh, and a lower glass layer.

Identification and quantification of a novel PDE-5 inhibitor, Dasantafil, found as an adulterant in a pressed candy dietary supplement.

During non-targeted screening of a pressed candy dietary supplement, an unidentified compound was detected and subsequently isolated through prep-HPLC. Comprehensive structural elucidation employing high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD), ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC/Q-TOF MS), and one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy confirmed the compound as Dasantafil (CHNOBr), a phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitor. HPLC quantification revealed a content of 9.

Altered static and dynamic functional connectivity in major depressive disorder accompanied by high anxiety: evidence from the REST-meta-MDD consortium.

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent mental health condition characterized by persistent low mood, diminished interest in pleasurable activities, and anhedonia. Some patients with depression experience high levels of anxiety, complicating clinical treatment. However, the underlying pathological mechanisms remain unclear.

Metal-Bound Heteroatom Radicals: Advancing Site-Selective C-H Functionalization.

Selective transformation of C-H bonds represents a frontier research area in synthetic chemistry. While the high reactivity of radicals provides an alternative and efficient pathway for C-H bond functionalization, controlling their selectivity─particularly in processes such as site-selective hydrogen atom abstraction (HAA)─remains a long-standing and unresolved challenge in radical chemistry, largely due to the lack of effective regulation strategies. This review deliberately avoids a comprehensive discussion of the field's current state or landmark discoveries in C-H functionalization.

The Prognostic Significance of TMSB4X in Glioma Patients.

Objective: The goal of this study was to analyze in depth the importance of the thymosin beta 4 X-linked gene (TMSB4X) in the disease process of gliomas for the prediction of patient prognosis.

Methods: We explored the expression of TMSB4X by analyzing datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets and the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA). Tumor sample tissues and corresponding paracancerous tissues of glioma patients were collected, and TMSB4X expression in glioma tissues was analyzed using Real-Time PCR to investigate its prognostic significance in glioma patients.

The mechanism of promoting angiogenesis after cerebral infarction by scalp acupuncture based on MATN2/WNT3a/β-catenin.

Scalp acupuncture, a therapeutic modality derived from traditional acupuncture theory, has been widely applied in clinical practice for cerebral infarction management in China. In this study, a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat model was established. Therapeutic efficacy was evaluated through multidimensional approaches: (1) Neurological functional assessment using modified Neurological Severity Score (mNSS); (2) Quantitative infarct volume measurement via 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining; (3) Histopathological analysis through hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining.

Yishen-Huoxue formula alleviates renal interstitial fibrosis by attenuating hypoxia-induced renal cell injury and promoting angiogenesis via miR-210/HIF-1α pathway.

Background: Renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) represents the final common pathway in nearly all progressive chronic kidney diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Yishen-Huoxue formula (YHF) on RIF and its underlying mechanisms.

Methods: Unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model was applied to induce RIF .

Disentangling the divergent causal pathways underlying the association between body mass index and bone mineral density: a comprehensive Mendelian randomization study.

Background: While the protective role of body mass index (BMI) in bone mass has been well-documented, the divergent associations between BMI and estimated bone mineral density (eBMD), attributed to its highly heterogeneous nature, remain insufficiently understood.

Methods: Leveraging the hitherto largest genome-wide summary statistics, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to re-evaluate the effect of genetically predicted BMI on eBMD. Then, MR-Clust was applied to examine the potential presence of distinct causal pathways underlying the BMI-eBMD link.

The iCARE-DM Model for Five-Year T2DM Risk Prediction in the Elderly Population from Chinese Routine Public Health Services - China, 2017-2024.

Introduction: Risk assessment for high-risk populations is critical for preventing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Although China's public health services have continuously contributed to early grass-roots diagnosis of diabetes for years, universally applicable tools for identifying latent high-risk elderly populations urgently need to account for heterogeneity, robustness, and generalizability. Therefore, this study developed and validated the integrated Chinese Adapted Risk Evaluation for Diabetes Mellitus (iCARE-DM) model for elderly Chinese individuals.

How does biological age acceleration mediate the associations of obesity with cardiovascular disease? Evidence from international multi-cohort studies.

Background: Recent basic biological research found that obesity accelerates biological aging and increases cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, there is still a lack of real-world population evidence. This study aimed to explore the potential mediation roles of biological age acceleration in the associations between different dimensions of obesity characterization and incident CVD.

Magnetic mesoporous carbon nanocomposites derived from bimetallic metal-organic frameworks for enrichment of low-abundance peptides.

Mesopore-structured cobalt and nickel metal-organic frameworks (Co/Ni-ZIF) were synthesized by a self-assembly method using Co and Ni as bimetallic centers and 2-methylimidazole as the organic ligand at room temperature. The resulting rhombic dodecahedral nanocomposites possessing rich mesopores with an average diameter of 4 nm were collected centrifugally and then carbonized under a nitrogen atmosphere to generate bimetallic magnetic porous carbon nanocomposites (Co/Ni-MCNs). After thorough characterization, the as-prepared Co/Ni-MCNs decorated with a graphite shell layer with pyridinic nitrogen were utilized in magnetic separation and enrichment of low-abundance peptides through hydrophobic and π-π stacking interactions.

Distinct endometriosis involvement confers divergent oncologic outcomes in ovarian clear cell carcinoma.

Objective: To evaluate the clinicopathologic characteristics and survival outcomes of ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) patients with different endometriosis statuses.

Methods: This retrospective study included OCCC patients diagnosed between 2012 and 2021, classified into three groups based on the Sampson and Scott criteria: Without (no endometriosis), Arising (OCCC arising from endometriosis), and Coexisting (OCCC coexisting with endometriosis). Clinical and pathological characteristics were compared across groups, and survival outcomes were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier methods.

Mechanistic Insights into Copper-Catalyzed Asymmetric Cyanation of Allylic C-H Bonds.

Direct C-H bond functionalization has emerged as one of the most powerful and practical strategies for the modification of drug molecules. We have recently disclosed a Cu/NFAS (NFAS = -fluoroalkyl sufonamide) catalytic system that exhibits high site-, regio-, and enantioselectivity for the direct cyanation of allylic C-H bonds. Here, we present a mechanistic investigation of this catalyst system, including the elucidation of side reactions involved in the transformation.

Mapping the role of macro and micronutrients in bone mineral density: a comprehensive Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Macro and micronutrients may play an important role in osteoporosis development; however, observational studies have yielded inconsistent results. Clarifying these associations is vital to the development of nutritional recommendations aimed at preventing osteoporosis.

Methods: Utilizing the largest available genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics to date, we performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the causal effects of energy-adjusted macronutrient intake (fat, protein, carbohydrate, and sugar) and circulating levels of 20 micronutrients (ten each for vitamins and minerals) on heel estimated bone mineral density (eBMD), a promising marker for osteoporosis risk and fracture susceptibility.

Adult Height, Cardiovascular Disease, and the Underlying Mechanism: A Comprehensive Epidemiological and Genetic Analysis.

Background: Adult height measures the complete growth of an individual and influences the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Despite recent within-sibling studies that have suggested minimal effects from environmental confounders, biological mechanisms underlying the height-CVD relationship remain elusive.

Methods: Leveraging the large-scale UK Biobank data set and summary statistics from the latest genome-wide association studies, we reevaluated the effect of height on 8 major CVD subtypes.

Oxidative stress and inflammation mediate the adverse effects of cadmium exposure on all-cause and cause-specific mortality in patients with diabetes and prediabetes.

Background: The effect of cadmium exposure on mortality risk among individuals with diabetes and prediabetes remains unclear, particularly regarding potential mediation by oxidative stress and inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the associations of blood cadmium levels with all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality and the mediating effects of oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers in patients with diabetes and prediabetes.

Methods: In this prospective cohort study, we analyzed 17,687 adults with diabetes and prediabetes from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 1999-2018).

Polyvinylidene Fluoride-networked SbS/CdS/AgS Membrane with Dual-junction Exciton Dynamics for In-depth Purification of Textile Printing/Dyeing Wastewater.

The textile printing/dyeing (TPD) wastewater poses a serious threat to ecological safety, and it is essential and challenging to alleviate this environmental issue. The sunlight-driven catalysis technology is a promising strategy for wastewater purification. However, the photostability and recyclability of highly active photocatalysts are the main factors limiting its application in wastewater treatment.

The association between derived TyG index and the risk of heart failure in the elderly population: a prospective cohort study from 2017 to 2023.

Background: Diabetes and obesity are established risk factors for heart failure(HF). Although the TyG (triglyceride-glucose) index serves as a sensitive marker for identifying insulin resistance, there is a lack of comprehensive evidence regarding whether its integration with obesity indices can enhance the predictive capacity for HF. This prospective cohort study is designed to explore the correlation between TyG indices in conjunction with obesity indices (TyG-body mass index, or TyG-BMI; TyG-waist circumference, or TyG-WC; TyG-waist circumference-to-height ratio, or TyG-WHtR) and the risk of HF.