Application of stereotactic radiotherapy in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases through sympathectomy.

Sympathectomy, as an emerging treatment method for cardiovascular diseases, has received extensive attention in recent years. Stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT), a precise and noninvasive therapeutic technique, has gradually been introduced into interventions targeting the sympathetic nervous system and has shown promising prospects in the management of cardiovascular conditions. Using three-dimensional imaging, SRT can accurately localize sympathetic ganglia and deliver high-energy radiation to disrupt nerve fibers, thereby achieving effects similar to conventional sympathectomy while reducing surgery-related complications and shortening recovery time.

Differential Expression of ATP6V1D and Its Diagnostic Potential in IgA Nephropathy.

Objective: IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most prevalent form of primary glomerular disease. However, its diagnosis is contingent on kidney biopsy. Therefore, noninvasive biomarkers are urgently needed for diagnosis.

Minimizing Surface Defects by Chemical Passivation for High-Performance Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells.

As the pursuit for cost reduction of photovoltaic technologies goes on, the interest in high-efficiency Si-tandem solar cells has been strongly increasing, among which perovskite/silicon has demonstrated impressive results and prospects for further enhancements. However, the existence of deleterious defects at the surface of wide-bandgap perovskite films in the top solar cells dramatically impedes the potential industrial applications of perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells. In this review, begin by summarizing the various types of defects and the passivation mechanisms to provide guidance for the passivation protocols.

Global trends, regional variations, and future projections of type 1 diabetes mellitus burden among women of reproductive age: A comprehensive analysis from 1990 to 2040.

Background And Aim: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease, which has a heavy disease burden and seriously affects the reproductive health of women of reproductive age. Therefore, this study assessed the disease burden of T1DM among women of reproductive age worldwide.

Methods And Results: This study extracted the incidence, prevalence, disability adjusted life years (DALYs) and deaths data of T1DM in women of reproductive age from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database from 1990 to 2021.

In Vitro Inhibitory Effects and Molecular Mechanism of Four Theaflavins on Isozymes of CYP450 and UGTs.

Theaflavins, benzotropolone compounds formed during black tea processing via catechin condensation, have drawn attention for their potential health benefits and diverse biological effects. This study evaluated the inhibitory effects of four theaflavin monomers-theaflavin-3'-gallate, theaflavin-3,3'-digallate, theaflavin-3-gallate, and theaflavin-on eight CYP450 enzymes using pooled human liver microsomes and specific probe substrates, and seven UGT enzymes using human recombinant UGT enzymes and specific probe substrates. Theaflavin-3'-gallate moderately inhibited CYP1A2-catalyzed phenacetin metabolism and CYP2C8-mediated amodiaquine metabolism, with IC values of 8.

Fine-Tuned Large Language Models for High-Accuracy Prediction of Band Gap and Stability in Transition Metal Sulfides.

This study presents a fine-tuned Large Language Model approach for predicting band gap and stability of transition metal sulfides. Our method processes textual descriptions of crystal structures directly, eliminating the need for complex feature engineering required by traditional ML and GNN approaches. Using a strategically selected dataset of 554 compounds from the Materials Project database, we fine-tuned GPT-3.

Aggregate index of systemic inflammation as a novel prognostic biomarker in Chinese patients with acute decompensated heart failure: a population-based real-world study.

Introduction: Inflammation is hypothesized as an early trigger for decompensation in heart failure patients. This study aims to evaluate the prognostic value of a novel inflammatory biomarker, the Aggregate Index of Systemic Inflammation (AISI), for predicting 30-day mortality in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF).

Methods: This analysis included 2,765 patients from the Jiangxi-ADHF II registry (2018-2024).

Conversational agent interventions in diabetes care: a systematic review.

This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness, acceptability, and safety of conversational agent (CA) interventions in diabetes care. CAs are artificial intelligence driven tools that simulate human-like dialogue and have emerged as promising supports for self-management in chronic disease. We searched six electronic databases from inception to June 2024 and identified 16 eligible studies involving 9076 participants across 13 countries.

AI-based diagnosis of acute aortic syndrome from noncontrast CT.

The accurate and timely diagnosis of acute aortic syndrome (AAS) in patients presenting with acute chest pain remains a clinical challenge. Aortic computed tomography (CT) angiography is the imaging protocol of choice in patients with suspected AAS. However, due to economic and workflow constraints in China, the majority of suspected patients initially undergo noncontrast CT as the initial imaging testing, and CT angiography is reserved for those at higher risk.

Predicting HIV self-testing intentions among Chinese college students: a dual-model analysis integrating health belief constructs and machine learning prioritization.

Introduction: As college students emerge as a key HIV-vulnerable population in China, HIV self-testing (HIVST) presents a critical strategy for enhancing detection rates and enabling timely intervention. While observational studies have identified multifactorial influences on HIVST willingness, few investigations integrate behavioral theory with machine learning approaches among college students. This study aims to fill this gap by exploring the determinants of HIVST willingness among college students using the Health Belief Model (HBM) and random forest analytics.

Associations of multimorbidity with mortality, hospital stay, and hospitalization costs in Chinese surgical patients: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Multimorbidity (≥ 2 chronic conditions) is rising in aging populations. China reports over 80 million surgeries annually. This study investigates health burdens of multimorbidity in Chinese surgical patients.

Impacts of financial, caregiving, and emotional support on mental health: case of hypertensive patients in China.

Background: Hypertension and mental disorders, particularly depression, significantly impact Asia's older adult. Alleviating depression in older adult hypertensive patients can significantly enhance their quality of life. This study evaluates the mental health status of hypertensive patients over 60 who do or do not provide intergenerational family support.

Over 20% Efficient Water-Based Layer-by-Layer Organic Solar Cells with High Thickness Tolerance Enabled by Surfactant Promoted Electrostatic Interaction.

Aqueous processing represents a promising eco-friendly fabrication route for organic solar cells (OSCs), aligning with growing industrial sustainability requirements. While water-dispersed semiconducting nanoparticles (NPs) offer an attractive solution, the essential surfactants required for NP stabilization typically compromise device performance. In this study, surfactant-engineered donor NPs are systematically evaluated for constructing optimized active layers through a sequential layer-by-layer (LBL) deposition approach.

Inverse probability weighting for causal inference in hierarchical data.

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the impact of model misspecification, balance, and extreme weights on average treatment effect (ATE) estimation in hierarchical data with unmeasured cluster-level confounders using the multilevel propensity score model and inverse probability weight (IPW).

Methods: We simulated 48 hierarchical data scenarios with unmeasured cluster-level confounders, fitting nine ATE estimation strategies. These strategies were combined with IPW, which used both marginal stabilized weights and cluster-mean stabilized weights.

Efficacy and safety of vitamin E as adjunctive therapy for epilepsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials.

Objective: Vitamin E, functioning as an antioxidant, holds substantial potential in the adjuvant treatment of epilepsy. However, it remains uncertain whether the existing evidence is adequate to validate the use of vitamin E as an add-on therapy for improving epilepsy outcomes. The aim of this study was to explore the efficacy and safety of vitamin E as an adjuvant treatment for epilepsy.

Molecular engineering of benzotriazole-based polymer donors for high performance all-polymer solar cells.

Three BTA-based polymers J52-F, PE3 and PE3-FCl, are utilized to investigate the effects of molecular configuration change and asymmetric halogen substitution on the device performance of all-PSCs. Ultimately, the binary all-PSCs based on PE3-FCl:PY-IT achieve a record power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.73%, which is among the highest values for all-PSCs containing BTA-based polymers.

Flash: Dual-gradient filtering membranes enable ultra-fast plasma separation.

Background: Whole blood sample consists of red and white blood cells, platelets, nucleic acids, proteins, and other metabolites. However, the presence of blood cells will affect the monitoring of biomarker in plasma. To obtain plasma from microscale whole blood, plasma separation membranes are commonly used.

Enhanced lignocellulose biomass hydrolysis in a confined space with cellulase-containing liposomes for high-levels succinic acid production.

The production of high-value succinic acid (SA) from waste jatropha fruit shell (JFS) lignocellulose biomass is considered to be an economical and environmentally friendly strategy. Firstly, the cellulase encapsulated in liposomes was used to construct an efficient enzyme-catalyzed microenvironment. Furthermore, the hydrolysis efficiency of JFS was enhanced by simultaneously activating lignocellulose and in-situ saccharification in ionic liquid (IL).

Development and application of a curcumin-cinnamon essential oil nanoemulsion agent against mycobacteria.

With the increasing prevalence of drug-resistant (), the development of novel anti-mycobacterial agents has become urgent. In this study, a curcumin-cinnamon essential oil (Cur-CEO) nanoemulsion was developed with optimized preparation parameters, including a 10% CEO volume fraction, 7.5 minutes of ultrasonic treatment, and 350 W ultrasound power, yielding a particle size of 101.

Liver-specific expression of ANGPTL8 promotes Alzheimer's disease progression through activating microglial pyroptosis.

Introduction: Liver dysfunction contributes to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, and evidence suggests that the liver is involved in amyloid β (Aβ) clearance, and regulates Aβ deposition in the brain. However, the specific regulatory mechanism remains elusive.

Objectives: Angiopoietin-like protein 8 (ANGPTL8), a high expression of liver-specific secreted proinflammatory factor, crosses the blood‒brain barrier from the bloodstream to abnormally activate microglia and promote AD progression.

Association between serum carcinoembryonic antigen levels and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is cardiovascular disease caused by atherosclerosis. Serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a common tumor marker, is positively associated with arterial stiffness in healthy adults. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the potential association between serum CEA levels and ASCVD in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

A rare B cell clonotype imprinted by ancestral SARS-CoV-2 develops cross-sarbecovirus neutralization in immune recalls.

The ultimate potential of B cells imprinted by ancestral SARS-CoV-2 in developing neutralizing breadth and potency remains to be explored. Here, we longitudinally tracked B cells that recognize the wild-type spike in two individuals who were repeatedly infected by Omicron variants after receiving prototype mRNA vaccines. Functional and genetic analysis of 632 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from those B cells reveals that mAbs cloned after a second infection have dramatically enhanced neutralizing breadth and potency due to immune recalls.

Mapping, validation, and development of markers for the major adult plant stripe rust resistance locus QYr.hnk-7DL in Henan wheat.

Background: Historically, Henan Province has encountered multiple significant incidents of wheat cultivars resistance loss due to the emergence of new species of stripe rust fungus. To identify resistant germplasms exhibiting superior resistance to the emerging CRY34 strain, we employed a wheat 660 K array to genotype 256 Henan cultivars and conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on adult plant resistance (APR) to wheat stripe rust in 2021-2022 and 2022-2023.

Results: A total of 48 SNP markers were found to be significantly correlated with APR.

Therapeutic drug monitoring of voriconazole and the impact of inflammation on plasma trough concentrations in children.

The aim of this study was to investigate the factors influencing voriconazole (VRC) plasma trough concentrations ( ) in children and to provide a scientific basis for individualized VRC dosing. A retrospective study was conducted on children aged ≤18 years who received VRC treatment between 1 December 2017, and 31 December 2022. Medical data were collected to examine the relationship between VRC and non-genetic factors.

Hyperspectral quantitative retrieving of soil iron oxide and Zn content combining feature selection and machine learning algorithms.

Hyperspectral reflectance provides a pathway for estimating soil iron oxide and heavy metal zinc(Zn) content. The method and process for retrieving soil physicochemical properties from soil reflectance spectra mainly include spectral preprocessing-feature wavelength selection-machine learning modeling. To find the optimal model combination, this study first applies conventional spectral transformations (Continuum Removal, CR; Standard Normal Variate, SNV; First Derivative, FD and Second Derivative, SD) to the original soil spectra, then uses competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) and the Boruta algorithm to select sensitive bands, and finally constructs four machine learning models (Partial Least Squares Regression, PLSR; Support Vector Machine, SVM; Back Propagation Neural Network, BPNN and Extreme Gradient Boosting, XGBoost).