Therapeutic drug monitoring of voriconazole and the impact of inflammation on plasma trough concentrations in children.

The aim of this study was to investigate the factors influencing voriconazole (VRC) plasma trough concentrations ( ) in children and to provide a scientific basis for individualized VRC dosing. A retrospective study was conducted on children aged ≤18 years who received VRC treatment between 1 December 2017, and 31 December 2022. Medical data were collected to examine the relationship between VRC and non-genetic factors.

A novel adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing-based nomogram for predicting prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objective: Although the role of adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing (ATIRE) has gained widespread attention in multiple cancers, its predictive role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains little known. We aimed to establish a predicting signature based on ATIRE for the prognosis of HCC.

Methods: A total of 200 HCC patients with survival data and ATIRE profiles from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were divided into training (n = 140) and validation (n = 60) cohorts.

Dietary and nutritional interventions for human diseases: their modulatory effects on ferroptosis.

A balanced diet is essential for maintaining human health. Increasing evidence suggests that dietary and nutritional interventions contribute to disease management and are associated with reduced healthcare costs and economic burden. Ferroptosis, a novel type of regulated cell death (RCD) driven by lipid peroxidation, has been shown to be involved in various pathological conditions, including diabetes, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, inflammation-related diseases, and cancer.

Data mining of adverse drug event signals with Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir from FAERS.

Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir, acting as an effective agent against COVID-19, has achieved considerable results in clinical studies in terms of drug efficacy. However, there is little research about its medication safety. Based on the FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS) database, this study aims to mine the adverse reaction signals of the latest major recommended drug Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir for the antiviral treatment of COVID-19, so as to provide a basis for safe and rational drug use.

HIF-1α knockdown attenuates phenotypic transformation and oxidative stress induced by high salt in human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells.

Increased dietary salt intake is a well-established risk factor for hypertension and related cardiovascular diseases, involving complex vascular remodeling processes. However, the specific role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in vascular pathophysiology under high-salt conditions remains poorly understood. This study investigates the role of HIF-1α in high-salt-induced vascular remodeling using human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (HA-VSMCs) cultured in vitro.

Exploring the Interactive Role of Parathyroid Hormone and Sodium Intake in Inducing Cardiac Hypertrophy in Rats: A Novel Study.

Background and objectives Previous research has suggested that hyperparathyroidism and excessive salt intake may contribute to the development of cardiac hypertrophy. This study aimed to investigate the relationship and underlying mechanisms between parathyroid hormone (PTH) and salt intake in the development of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Additionally, the study sought to determine whether captopril intervention could reduce the impact of sustained PTH stimulation and excessive salt intake on LVH.

Therapeutic drug monitoring of voriconazole and CYP2C19 phenotype for dose optimization in paediatric patients.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate factors influencing voriconazole (VRC) plasma trough concentrations and provide research data for optimizing VRC dosing in Chinese paediatric patients.

Methods: Medical records of inpatients were reviewed retrospectively. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to identify the factors contributing to the variability of VRC plasma trough concentrations.

Pharmacomicrobiomics and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A novel perspective towards possible treatment.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a major driver of mortality worldwide, is more likely to develop other cardiometabolic risk factors, ultimately leading to diabetes-related mortality. Although a set of measures including lifestyle intervention and antidiabetic drugs have been proposed to manage T2DM, problems associated with potential side-effects and drug resistance are still unresolved. Pharmacomicrobiomics is an emerging field that investigates the interactions between the gut microbiome and drug response variability or drug toxicity.

Attitude and Needs Toward MTM Applications of Chronic Disease in China: A Questionnaire Survey.

Objective: Chronic diseases are characterized by high incidence, long-term medication, and complex types of medication. There are also many corresponding medication therapy management (MTM) applications on the market, such as iCarea, and Medisafe. However, the existing research mainly focuses on how to choose high-quality MTM applications, and few researchers consider the expectations of MTM applications from potential users.

tRNA Metabolism and Lung Cancer: Beyond Translation.

Lung cancer, one of the most malignant tumors, has extremely high morbidity and mortality, posing a serious threat to global health. It is an urgent need to fully understand the pathogenesis of lung cancer and provide new ideas for its treatment. Interestingly, accumulating evidence has identified that transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and tRNA metabolism-associated enzymes not only participate in the protein translation but also play an important role in the occurrence and development of lung cancer.

YRDC Mediates the Resistance of Lenvatinib in Hepatocarcinoma Cells via Modulating the Translation of KRAS.

Lenvatinib is the latest and promising agent that has demonstrated a significant improvement of progression-free survival in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, resistance emerges soon after initial treatment, limiting the clinical benefits of lenvatinib. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of resistance is necessary for improving lenvatinib efficacy.

Perspectives of Antidiabetic Drugs in Diabetes With Coronavirus Infections.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) increases the risk of viral infections especially during the period of poor glycemic controls. Emerging evidence has reported that DM is one of the most common comorbidities in the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infection, also referred to as COVID-19. Moreover, the management and therapy are complex for individuals with diabetes who are acutely unwell with suspected or confirmed COVID-19.

Risk Factors Affecting Clinical Outcome in Patients with Carbapenem-Resistant K. pneumoniae: A Retrospective Study.

BACKGROUND The increased prevalence of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (CRKP) poses a great threat worldwide. Early identification of CRKP in patients is paramount.

Roles of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase-interacting multi-functional proteins in physiology and cancer.

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) are an important class of enzymes with an evolutionarily conserved mechanism for protein synthesis. In higher eukaryotic systems, eight ARSs and three ARS-interacting multi-functional proteins (AIMPs) form a multi-tRNA synthetase complex (MSC), which seems to contribute to cellular homeostasis. Of these, AIMPs are generally considered as non-enzyme factors, playing a scaffolding role during MSC assembly.

Glycemic variability: adverse clinical outcomes and how to improve it?

Glycemic variability (GV), defined as an integral component of glucose homoeostasis, is emerging as an important metric to consider when assessing glycemic control in clinical practice. Although it remains yet no consensus, accumulating evidence has suggested that GV, representing either short-term (with-day and between-day variability) or long-term GV, was associated with an increased risk of diabetic macrovascular and microvascular complications, hypoglycemia, mortality rates and other adverse clinical outcomes. In this review, we summarize the adverse clinical outcomes of GV and discuss the beneficial measures, including continuous glucose monitoring, drugs, dietary interventions and exercise training, to improve it, aiming at better addressing the challenging aspect of blood glucose management.

Association of blood cell counts with the risk of olanzapine- or clozapine-induced dyslipidemia in Chinese schizophrenia patients.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate correlation of peripheral blood cell counts with the dyslipidemia induced by olanzapine or clozapine in Chinese schizophrenia patients.

Methods: A total of 703 eligible schizophrenia patients were enrolled . The counts of red blood cell (RBC), platelet, white blood cell (WBC) and its subtypes, and serum lipids were determined for all participants before and after 2-4 weeks of olanzapine or clozapine treatment.

Roles of circular RNAs in immune regulation and autoimmune diseases.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs), as a novel class of endogenously expressed non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), have a high stability and often present tissue-specific expression and evolutionary conservation. Emerging evidence has suggested that circRNAs play an essential role in complex human pathologies. Notably, circRNAs, important gene modulators in the immune system, are strongly associated with the occurrence and development of autoimmune diseases.

Modulation of YrdC promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression via MEK/ERK signaling pathway.

Accumulating evidence suggested that YrdC involved in growth, telomere homeostasis, translation and the N6-threonylcarbamoylation (t6A) of tRNA was abnormally expressed in the progression of tumor. However, the role of YrdC in hepatocellular carcinoma remained elusive. Our study aimed to investigate the clinical significance and oncogenic phenotypes of YrdC in hepatocellular carcinoma, and to determine its related mechanism of this disease.

The tRNA-associated dysregulation in diabetes mellitus.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex endocrine and metabolic disorder for human health and well-being. Deregulated glucose and lipid metabolism are the primary underlying manifestations associated with this disease. Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are considered to mainly participate in protein translation and may contribute to complex human pathologies.

Irinotecan Alters the Disposition of Morphine Via Inhibition of Organic Cation Transporter 1 (OCT1) and 2 (OCT2).

Purpose: The organic cation transporters (OCTs) and multidrug and toxin extrusions (MATEs) together are regarded as an organic cation transport system critical to the disposition and response of many organic cationic drugs. Patient response to the analgesic morphine, a characterized substrate for human OCT1, is highly variable. This study was aimed to examine whether there is any organic cation transporter-mediated drug and drug interaction (DDI) between morphine and commonly co-administrated drugs.

The dysregulation of tRNAs and tRNA derivatives in cancer.

Transfer RNAs (tRNAs), traditionally considered to participate in protein translation, were interspersed in the entire genome. Recent studies suggested that dysregulation was observed in not only tRNAs, but also tRNA derivatives generated by the specific cleavage of pre- and mature tRNAs in the progression of cancer. Accumulating evidence had identified that certain tRNAs and tRNA derivatives were involved in proliferation, metastasis and invasiveness of cancer cell, as well as tumor growth and angiogenesis in several malignant human tumors.