Association of tuberculosis infection with the development of active tuberculosis and comorbidities in rural China: a 10-year follow-up results of a population-based, multicentre, prospective study.

Background: In China, there is limited research on the role of recent and long-term infection of in relation to the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), as well as the impact of tuberculosis infection (TBI) on other diseases. A population-based, multicenter prospective study (LATENTTB-NSTM) was implemented since 2013 to assess the prevalence of TBI and to track the development of active disease in rural China. This cohort study provides an opportunity to address these gaps in knowledge.

Effects of the "Internet +" nursing model based on user profiling on postoperative recovery in breast cancer: A prospective randomized controlled clinical trial.

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the effectiveness and advantages of an "Internet +" nursing model based on user profiling in the rehabilitation of postoperative breast cancer patients.

Methods: Breast cancer patients admitted to the hospital from July 2023 to September 2024 were enrolled. These patients were randomly assigned to a control group and an intervention group, with 52 patients in each group.

Air pollutants and adverse pregnancy outcomes: A multi-method integration of Mendelian randomization, meta-analysis, and animal models.

Background: Exposure to air pollutants is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, but establishing a causal relationship remains challenging.

Methods: We integrated Mendelian randomization (MR) and animal experiments to investigate causality. MR analyses leveraged data from FinnGen consortium and UK Biobank data to assess effects of air pollutants (particulate matter ≤2.

The Progression of NUS1-Associated Parkinson's Disease and the Diagnostic Potential of Plasma NgBR.

Aims: The study aimed to investigate the role of NUS1 variants in Parkinson's disease (PD) progression and evaluate plasma Nogo-B receptor (NgBR) as a potential biomarker.

Methods: We recruited 228 PD patients, including 38 with NUS1 variants (NUS1-PD) and 190 without (GU-PD), and all underwent at least two follow-up visits. Linear mixed-effects models assessed motor and non-motor symptom progression.

Efficacy and safety of vitamin E as adjunctive therapy for epilepsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials.

Objective: Vitamin E, functioning as an antioxidant, holds substantial potential in the adjuvant treatment of epilepsy. However, it remains uncertain whether the existing evidence is adequate to validate the use of vitamin E as an add-on therapy for improving epilepsy outcomes. The aim of this study was to explore the efficacy and safety of vitamin E as an adjuvant treatment for epilepsy.

Association of inactive pulmonary tuberculosis lesions with the risk of active disease development in the elderly: a population-based retrospective study.

Background: Individuals with inactive pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) lesions were found to be high-risk populations for active PTB development. This retrospective study evaluated the association between different types of inactive PTB lesions and the development of active PTB aiming to provide epidemiological evidence for developing precise intervention strategies.

Methods: Based on a population-based PTB active-case-finding project conducted on the elderly, 154 028 subjects who had participated in the 2020 baseline survey were included in the current analysis.

Dispersive X-ray absorption spectroscopy using independent grazing-incidence focusing and convexly bent Bragg-crystal dispersing optics.

We present a modular instrument for dispersive X-ray absorption spectroscopy (DXAS) developed for the Advanced Spectroscopy Beamline at Sector 25 of the Advanced Photon Source. The setup employs a double-multilayer monochromator to provide X-rays with a broad energy bandwidth, Kirkpatrick-Baez mirrors for focusing, a convexly bent Bragg-crystal polychromator for energy dispersion, and a pixel-array detector to resolve all X-ray energies and collect their intensity simultaneously, thereby enabling acquisition of a full X-ray absorption spectrum in a single shot. The use of separate optics for X-ray focusing and energy dispersion provides high spatial resolution and avoids chromatic aberrations inherent in focusing bent-crystal optics, and a modular design makes implementation of the technique at other beamlines possible without requiring modifications to the upstream beamline configurations.

Multidisciplinary analysis of the prognosis and biological function of NUBPL in gastric cancer.

Background: Researchers are currently concentrating on molecular markers and potential therapeutic targets associated with gastric cancer in light of recent developments in precision medicine and molecular biology. Disulfidptosis was first proposed in 2023 as a novel programmed cell death mode associated with the cytoskeleton. Disulfidptosis-related proteins are essential for the preservation of protein stability and abnormal expression of disulfidptosis-related genes may be linked to cancer development and drug resistance.

Adverse drug events associated with insulin glargine: a real-world pharmacovigilance study based on the FAERS database.

Background: Insulin glargine is a long-acting drug and the first synthetic insulin to mimic human metabolism. The safety of insulin glargine in the real world remains to be further investigated. This study aims to analyze insulin glargine-related adverse events (ADEs) to guide its safe clinical use.

The association between pulmonary tuberculosis recurrence and exposure to fine particulate matter and residential greenness: A population-based retrospective study.

Background And Objective: To assess the association of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) recurrence with fine particulate matter (PM) and residential greenness using a population-based retrospective study design.

Methods: All incident PTB patients, registered in Tuberculosis Information Management System (TBIMS) from 2015 to 2019 in Quzhou City, China, were included. The data on PM exposure was extracted from the China High Air Pollutants dataset and the level of greenness was estimated using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values around the patient's residence.

The performance of computer-aided detection for chest radiography in tuberculosis screening: a population-based retrospective cohort study.

From 2020 to 2022, a pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) active case finding project based on chest X-ray (CXR) examination was conducted targeting individuals aged ≥65 years old in Jiangshan County, Quzhou City. The current study used computer-aided detection (CAD) software (JF CXR-1 v2) to retrospectively analyze the CXR images and to estimate its potential capacity for identifying PTB cases. The information of notified microbiologically confirmed PTB among the participants were exported from the Tuberculosis Information Management System.

The dynamic change of tuberculosis infection prevalence in rural residents: 10-year follow-up of a population-based, multicentre cohort study from China.

Background: The incidence of tuberculosis (TB) decreased significantly in recent years in China. However, the declining in the burden of tuberculosis infection (TBI) have not been systematically evaluated. The aim of this study was to elucidate the changes of TBI prevalence during the past decade.

GiGs: graph-based integrated Gaussian kernel similarity for virus-drug association prediction.

The prediction of virus-drug associations (VDAs) is crucial for drug repositioning, contributing to the identification of latent antiviral drugs. In this study, we developed a graph-based integrated Gaussian kernel similarity (GiGs) method for predicting potential VDAs in drug repositioning. The GiGs model comprises three components: (i) collection of experimentally validated VDA information and calculation virus sequence, drug chemical structure, and drug side effect similarity; (ii) integration of viruses and drugs similarity based on the above information and Gaussian interaction profile kernel (GIPK); and (iii) utilization of similarity-constrained weight graph normalization matrix factorization to predict antiviral drugs.

In-device Battery Failure Analysis.

Lithium-ion batteries are indispensable power sources for a wide range of modern electronic devices. However, battery lifespan remains a critical limitation, directly affecting the sustainability and user experience. Conventional battery failure analysis in controlled lab settings may not capture the complex interactions and environmental factors encountered in real-world, in-device operating conditions.

Identification and Characterization of Genes Associated with Intestinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury and Oxidative Stress: A Bioinformatics and Experimental Approach Integrating High-Throughput Sequencing, Machine Learning, and Validation.

Purpose: Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IIRI) occurs as a result of temporary blood flow interruption, leading to tissue damage upon reperfusion. Oxidative stress plays a critical role in this process, instigating inflammation and cell death. Identifying and characterizing genes associated with the oxidative stress response can offer valuable insights into potential therapeutic targets for managing IIRI.

Ocular adverse events associated with antibody-drug conjugates: a comprehensive pharmacovigilance analysis.

Introduction: Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are increasingly utilized in patients with solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. However, the adverse ocular toxicity induced by ADCs has not been comprehensively evaluated in real-world clinical settings.

Methods: Data from April 2019 to March 2024 based on the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) were extracted and analyzed.

Data mining of adverse drug event signals with Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir from FAERS.

Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir, acting as an effective agent against COVID-19, has achieved considerable results in clinical studies in terms of drug efficacy. However, there is little research about its medication safety. Based on the FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS) database, this study aims to mine the adverse reaction signals of the latest major recommended drug Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir for the antiviral treatment of COVID-19, so as to provide a basis for safe and rational drug use.

Identification of apigenin as a multi-target inhibitor against SARS-CoV-2 by computational exploration.

Multi-target strategy can serve as a valid treatment for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), but existing drugs most focus on a single target. Thus, multi-target drugs that bind multiple sites simultaneously need to be urgently studied. Apigenin has antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties.

Efficient analysis of drug interactions in liver injury: a retrospective study leveraging natural language processing and machine learning.

Background: Liver injury from drug-drug interactions (DDIs), notably with anti-tuberculosis drugs such as isoniazid, poses a significant safety concern. Electronic medical records contain comprehensive clinical information and have gained increasing attention as a potential resource for DDI detection. However, a substantial portion of adverse drug reaction (ADR) information is hidden in unstructured narrative text, which has yet to be efficiently harnessed, thereby introducing bias into the research.

Risks of malignancies related to disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in rheumatoid arthritis: a pharmacovigilance analysis using the FAERS database.

Objectives: Over the years when disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) have been used in rheumatoid arthritis patients, reports of malignancies have emerged. This study aims to investigate the association between malignancies and DMARDs by using data extracted from the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).

Methods: FAERS data (January 2019 to December 2023) were reviewed.

Agreement between Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen-based skin test and interferon-gamma release assay in elderly individuals aged ≥65 years in China.

Objectives: To determine the agreement of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) antigen-based skin test (TBST) with interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) in the elderly individuals aged ≥65 years beyond instruction for use in China.

Methods: Based on the baseline survey of a randomized controlled trial with the objective of exploring suitable regimens for tuberculosis(TB) preventive treatment, MTB infection was tested using TBST and IGRA in parallel in rural residents aged 50-70 years using a cross-sectional study design.

Results: A total of 21 219 participants with both TBST and IGRA results were included in this analysis.