Electrochemical Oxidation of C(sp)-H Bonds for the Construction of C-S Bonds: Access to 9-Thioxanthenes.

Radical-radical cross-coupling offers an efficient strategy for constructing C-S bonds, yet existing methods typically rely on stoichiometric oxidants or metal catalysts. The lack of sustainable approaches for C(sp)-H sulfenylation at the C9 position of xanthene derivatives limits their functionalization. Herein, we developed an electrochemical method enabling direct C(sp)-H sulfenylation/selenylation of oxa/thia/aza-xanthenes under metal- and chemical-oxidant-free conditions.

[Inheritance, excavation, and modern research overview of processing methods of traditional Chinese medicine decoctions].

"Prescriptions being modified according to the syndrome and processing following prescription" is one of the characteristics of clinical medication in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), and it is also an important sign that distinguishes TCM from other traditional medicine. The processing methods of TCM decoctions originate from the ingenious combination of medicinal materials, the mutual restraint of seven emotions, the harmony of four properties, and the pairing and combining of medicinal materials in prescriptions. They are the concrete embodiment of the essence and characteristics of "prescriptions being modified according to the syndrome and processing following prescription".

Heavy metals exposure and HPG-axis related hormones in women across the lifespan: An integrative epidemiological and bioinformatic perspective.

Background: Hormonal disruption evidence of metal exposure is lacking and contradictory.

Objectives: To elucidate the association of multiple metals exposure with a comprehensive panel of sex hormones in women across the lifespan.

Methods: 5492 women aged 3-80 from a national survey were included.

Biodegradable active films developed from low-methoxyl pectin incorporated with cellulose nanocrystals-stabilized oregano essential oil Pickering emulsions.

The development of biodegradable active packaging plays a vital role in reducing plastic pollution and improving food safety. In this study, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were employed to stabilize oregano essential oil (OEO) Pickering emulsions (COPEs), which were then incorporated into glycerol as a plasticizer and calcium ion-crosslinked low-methoxyl pectin (LMP) to prepare degradable active films - COPE-LMP. We investigated the modification effects and compatibility of the COPEs within the LMP matrix via varying the proportions of CNCs and OEO.

High-Performance Wide-Temperature Zinc-Ion Batteries with K/CN Co-Intercalated Ammonium Vanadate Cathodes.

NHVO (NVO) is considered a promising cathode material for aqueous zinc-ion batteries due to its high theoretical capacity. However, its practical application is limited by irreversible deamination, structural collapse, and sluggish reaction kinetics during cycling. Herein, K and CN co-intercalated NVO (KNVO-CN) nanosheets with expanded interlayer spacing are synthesized for the first time to achieve high-rate, stable, and wide-temperature cathodes.

Neurovascular bundle preservation improves postoperative continence recovery in robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy after neoadjuvant hormonal therapy in the treatment of locally advanced prostate cancer: results from a propensity score-matched analysis.

Objective: To evaluate the oncological outcomes and continence recovery of neoadjuvant hormonal therapy (NHT) before robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RARP) with neurovascular bundle (NVB) preservation in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer (LAPC).

Methods: Of the 576 patients with LAPC who underwent RARP during January 2016-March 2024, those who received NHT before RARP with NVB preservation (NVB-RARP) were propensity score (PS)-matched with those undergoing RARP without NVB preservation (NNVB-RARP) based on preoperative and histological characteristics. Clinical and biochemical recurrence results were evaluated post-surgically, and postoperative continence was analyzed in the two groups using Kaplan-Meier curves.

Microneedle-mediated delivery of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin-encapsulated Angelica sinensis (Danggui) essential oil for acne treatment: efficacy and mechanisms.

Acne is a multifactorial dermatological condition driven by Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) infection, inflammation, and sebum dysregulation. While essential oils, such as Angelica sinensis (Danggui) essential oil (AEO), exhibit antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, their clinical application is hindered by poor solubility, stability, and skin penetration.

Enhanced Sarcopenia Detection in Nursing Home Residents Using Ultrasound Radiomics and Machine Learning.

Objective: Ultrasound only has low-to-moderate accuracy for sarcopenia. We aimed to investigate whether ultrasound radiomics combined with machine learning enhances sarcopenia diagnostic accuracy compared with conventional ultrasound parameters among older adults in long-term care.

Design: Diagnostic accuracy study.

Advances in 3D Printing: Microfabrication Techniques and Forming Applications.

Stainless steel is essential in high-performance industries due to its strength, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility. However, conventional manufacturing methods limit material efficiency, design complexity, and customization. Additive manufacturing (AM) has emerged as a powerful alternative, enabling the production of stainless-steel components with complex geometries, tailored microstructures, and integrated functionalities.

Genetic influence of the brain on epigenetic age acceleration: evidence of a large-scale genetic correlation study.

The relationship between the brain and aging remains unclear. Our objective is to explore the causal connections between brain structure,gene expression, and traits associated with aging. Mendelian randomization(MR) analysis was conducted to explore the associations between brain structures and aging-related traits including GrimAge acceleration(GrimAA), PhenoAge acceleration (PhenoAA), HannumAge acceleration(HannumAA), HorvathAge acceleration(HorvathAA), and leukocyte telomere length(LTL).

The Role of Obesity in the Regulation of Immunosuppressive Cell Infiltration and Immunosurveillance in Cancers.

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, causing about 10 million deaths annually. Obesity contributes to cancer progression by inducing chronic inflammation, immunosuppressive microenvironment, metabolic dysfunction, and therapeutic resistance. Accumulating evidence shows that obesity can advance the infiltration of immunosuppressive cells and ameliorate the function and cytotoxicity of tumor-killing cells such as natural killer cells, natural killer T cells, macrophages, and CD8 T cells in cancer patients, resulting in cancer progression.

Research on Path Planning Method for Mobile Platforms Based on Hybrid Swarm Intelligence Algorithms in Multi-Dimensional Environments.

Traditional algorithms such as Dijkstra and APF rely on complete environmental information for path planning, which results in numerous constraints during modeling. This not only increases the complexity of the algorithms but also reduces the efficiency and reliability of the planning. Swarm intelligence algorithms possess strong data processing and search capabilities, enabling them to efficiently solve path planning problems in different environments and generate approximately optimal paths.

Optimal Overlapping Tomography.

Characterizing large-scale quantum systems is central to fundamental physics and essential for applications of quantum technologies. While a full characterization requires exponentially increasing resources, focusing on application-relevant information can often lead to significantly simplified analysis. Overlapping tomography is such a scheme, allowing one to obtain all the information contained in specific subsystems of multiparticle quantum systems in an efficient manner, but the ultimate limits of this approach remain elusive.

Limpet-Inspired Multifunctional Composite Fibers with Exceptional Mechanical Performance From Self-Assembled Aramid Nanofibers.

Aramid nanofibers (ANFs) have emerged as promising building blocks for bioinspired materials due to their exceptional mechanical strength and chemical stability. However, their widespread application has been hindered by the limitations of conventional top-down synthesis from Kevlar, which is costly, inefficient, and offers limited control over molecular structure. Addressing this challenge, a cost-effective, bottom-up strategy is reported to fabricate limpet-inspired composite fibers by combining the self-assembly of ANFs from poly(paraphenylene terephthalamide) polyanions with in situ iron oxide mineralization.

An explainable machine learning model in predicting vaginal birth after cesarean section.

Objective: Vaginal birth after cesarean section (VBAC) is recommended by obstetrical guidelines or expert consensuses. However, no valid tools can exactly predict who can have a vaginal birth among eligible candidates with one prior cesarean section. In recent years, machine learning (ML) is gradually used to develop predictive models in obstetrics and midwifery owing to its excellent performance.

Ultrasound-based Models for Identifying Sarcopenic Dysphagia: The Key Role of Digastric Muscle.

Objectives: Sarcopenic dysphagia (SD) is a serious condition in older adults lacking reliable diagnostic tools. This study aimed to develop and validate ultrasound-based diagnostic models for SD by integrating clinical and radiomics features from swallowing muscles (geniohyoid, digastric, tongue) to identify the most informative muscle group for diagnosis.

Design: A diagnostic accuracy study.

Efficacy and safety of cAMP-biased GLP-1 receptor agonist ecnoglutide versus dulaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes and elevated glucose concentrations on metformin monotherapy (EECOH-2): a 52-week, multicentre, open-label, non-inferiority, randomised, phase 3 trial.

Background: Ecnoglutide is a novel biased GLP-1 receptor agonist that preferentially activates the cAMP pathway over β-arrestin recruitment. We aimed to assess both non-inferiority and superiority of ecnoglutide versus dulaglutide, also a GLP-1 receptor agonist, in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: We conducted a 52-week, open-label, active-controlled, phase 3 trial at 52 hospitals in China.

Characteristics of CVA16 B1c strains isolated for the first time in the Heilongjiang Province of China.

Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) represents a globally prevalent infectious disease that is caused by enteroviruses. Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71), coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16), and coxsackievirus A6 (CVA6) are recognized as the predominant causative agents of HFMD. CVA16 is a member of the genus within the family .

Pharmacokinetics, mass balance, and metabolism of [C]SAF-189s, a potent anaplastic lymphoma kinase/c-ROS proto-oncogene 1 inhibitor in humans: Metabolism potentially affected by interaction of cytochrome P450 enzymes and intestinal microbiota.

SAF-189s is a promising highly selective, brain-penetrant, next-generation inhibitor of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and c-ROS proto-oncogene 1 (ROS1). The pharmacokinetics, mass balance, and metabolism of SAF-189s were measured in 6 healthy Chinese male participants after receiving a single oral dose of 160 mg [C]SAF-189s (150 μCi). SAF-189s was rapidly absorbed with a median T of 4.

Stimulus-responsive doxorubicin-conjugated hyaluronic acid/polypyrrole nanoplatform for targeted photothermal chemotherapy of breast cancer.

Combination of different therapy modalities has emerged as a promising strategy for effective cancer treatment. Herein, we developed a multifunctional doxorubicin (DOX)-conjugated hyaluronic acid/polypyrrole (HA/PPy) nanoplatform, termed PPy-HA-CH nanoparticles, for the targeted photothermal chemotherapy of breast cancer. This nanoplatform was fabricated through layer-by-layer assembly of dopamine/hydrazide-modified hyaluronic acid (DHHA), hydroxyethyl chitosan, and anti-HER2 antibody-conjugated hyaluronic acid aldehyde on PPy nanoparticles.

A phosphorylation switch in the Mediator MED15 controls cellular senescence and cognitive decline.

A hallmark of aging is chronic systemic inflammation, which is exacerbated by the hypersecretory aging phenotype known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). How the SASP is initiated to accelerate tissue inflammation and aging is an outstanding question in aging biology. Here, we showed that phosphorylation of the Mediator subunit MED15 at T603 is able to control the SASP and aging.

Dihydroartemisinin decreases pre-existing neutralizing antibodies against adeno-associated virus in challenged mice.

Introduction: The high prevalence of pre-existing neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against adeno-associated virus (AAV) poses a major obstacle to in vivo gene therapy. Current immunosuppressive (IS) strategies, such as corticosteroids, are limited by toxicity and adverse effects. To explore safer alternatives, we evaluated dihydroartemisinin (DHA), a synthetic derivative of artemisinin inspired by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), as a potential IS agent.

Role of chitinase-3-like protein 1 in liver diseases: A comprehensive review.

Chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1) is part of the glycoside hydrolase family 18. Despite lacking enzymatic activity, its unique structure allows it to bind to ligands, altering its steric configuration to mediate cell proliferation, inflammation, fibrosis, and carcinogenesis. In liver disease, CHI3L1 serves as a common diagnostic biomarker for hepatitis-related fibrosis.