Autophagy in PE: Dispute, Role and Potential Target.

PE is a life-threatening pregnancy disorder that can lead to adverse events for both the fetus and the mother. Autophagy is a cellular process involved in cellular renovation and maintaining homeostasis. There is a growing body of evidence suggesting that autophagy in trophoblasts plays a significant role in the development and pathogenesis of PE.

Socio-Economic and Geographic Factors in Liver Disease Progression Among Individuals With HIV-HBV Coinfection.

This commentary addresses the findings of a recent nationwide cohort study on risk factors for liver disease progression in individuals with HIV-HBV coinfection. The study identified smoking, excess body weight and HCV coinfection as important accelerators of hepatic deterioration, while traditional socio-economic markers were not significant; urban residence appeared to be protective. We highlight the likely contributions of specialist resource density, surveillance intensity and multidimensional deprivation metrics in shaping these outcomes.

Bridging artificial intelligence and biological sciences: a comprehensive review of large language models in bioinformatics.

Large language models (LLMs), representing a breakthrough advancement in artificial intelligence, have demonstrated substantial application value and development potential in bioinformatics research, particularly showing significant progress in the processing and analysis of complex biological data. This comprehensive review systematically examines the development and applications of LLMs in bioinformatics, with particular emphasis on their advancements in protein and nucleic acid structure prediction, omics analysis, drug design and screening, and biomedical literature mining. This work highlights the distinctive capabilities of LLMs in end-to-end learning and knowledge transfer paradigms.

Role of Oral Microbes in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Cancer Progression.

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a fundamental biological process where epithelial cells lose their polarity and adhesion properties, acquiring mesenchymal characteristics such as enhanced migratory ability and invasiveness. Cells undergoing EMT exhibit enhanced motility, aggressiveness, and stemness, contributing to a pro-tumor environment that facilitates malignant metastasis in cancer. Numerous studies have suggested that oral microbes facilitate carcinogenesis through EMT.

Pathway-based cancer transcriptome deciphers a high-resolution intrinsic heterogeneity within bladder cancer classification.

Background: The heterogeneity of bladder cancer (BLCA) is affected by its inherent transcriptional properties and tumor microenvironment (TME). Stromal transcriptional components in the TME significantly influence the transcriptional classification of BLCA, and the intrinsic biological transcriptional characteristics of cancer cells may be obscured by the dominant, lineage-dependent transcriptional components of stromal origin. This study aimed to explore the degree and mechanisms by which cancer-intrinsic gene expression profiles contribute to the classification and prognosis of BLCA patients.

Immunotherapy-induced cholestasis in cancer: insights from the two real-world pharmacovigilance databases of FAERS and VigiBase.

Background: The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently issued a safety alert regarding cholestasis as a potential adverse reaction to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. However, the underlying mechanisms of ICI-induced cholestasis remain poorly elucidated.

Methods: This study analyzed adverse event reports of cancer patients treated with ICIs, extracted from the FAERS (2013-2023) and VigiBase (1968-2023) databases.

Natural Killer Cell Immune Checkpoints and Their Therapeutic Targeting in Cancer Treatment.

Natural killer (NK) cells, serving as pivotal mediators of innate immunity, play an important role in antitumor immunity. Immune checkpoint can be expressed on the surface of NK cells and meticulously regulates their activation states and effector functions through complex signaling networks. In recent years, tumor immunotherapy strategies focusing on NK cell immune checkpoints have demonstrated remarkable advancements.

Unlocking the potential of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced cervical cancer: a meta-analysis and systematic review.

Objective: This meta-analysis systematically evaluated the effectiveness and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in treating advanced cervical cancer, emphasizing their potential as transformative therapeutic options in this complex clinical landscape.

Methods: EMBASE, Web of Science, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library were thoroughly searched for articles on the outcomes of ICIs in advanced cervical cancer patients. A pooled analysis was performed to evaluate the objective response rate (ORR: reported as an odds ratio (OR), progression-free survival (PFS; hazard ratio (HR), overall survival (OS; HR), and safety outcomes risk ratio (RR).

Targeting angiogenesis in gastrointestinal tumors: strategies from vascular disruption to vascular normalization and promotion strategies angiogenesis strategies in GI tumor therapy.

Angiogenesis plays a critical role in the progression of gastrointestinal (GI) tumors, making it an important therapeutic target. This review explores recent advancements in targeting angiogenesis for GI tumor therapy, highlighting strategies that range from vascular disruption to vascular promotion. The biological foundation of tumor angiogenesis is discussed, with a focus on the molecular mechanisms that regulate this process, including key players such as VEGF, HIFs, and non-coding RNAs.

Potential mechanism of inhibitory effect of "medicine food homology" curcumin and its analogue EF24 on oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors of head and neck with high incidence and poor prognosis. Curcumin, as a drug-food congener, has a broad spectrum of anticancer effects, and based on this property, we further focused on EF24, a small molecule compound using curcumin as a backbone, to study the effects of both in OSCC.

Methods: Cell experiments were performed to test the inhibitory effect of curcumin and EF24 on OSCC cells.

Extrachromosomal Circular DNA in Cancer: Mechanisms and Clinical Applications.

Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) has emerged as a critical area of cancer research due to its ubiquitous presence in tumour cells and significant role in tumorigenesis, progression and drug resistance. Recent studies demonstrate that eccDNA promotes cancer progression by influencing genomic instability, amplifying oncogenes, regulating gene expression and enhancing tumour cell adaptability to adverse conditions. While the precise mechanisms underlying eccDNA formation and its biological functions remain unclear, its potential applications in cancer diagnosis, prognosis and targeted therapy are gaining increasing recognition.

NK Cell Senescence in Cancer: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Opportunities.

P Natural killer (NK) cells function as crucial effectors in the innate immune response against tumors. Nevertheless, NK cell senescence, characterized by phenotypic and functional changes, substantially compromises their antitumor immune response. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the molecular mechanisms governing NK cell senescence and its implications for cancer immunotherapy.

Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists and cancer risk: advancing precision medicine through mechanistic understanding and clinical evidence.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have emerged as a primary first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes. This has raised concerns about their impact on cancer risk, spurring extensive research. This review systematically examines the varied effects of GLP-1RAs on the risk of different types of tumors, including overall cancer risk and specific cancers such as thyroid, pancreatic, reproductive system, liver, and colorectal cancers.

The association between obstructive sleep apnea and nocturnal enuresis in children: current advances and research trends.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and nocturnal enuresis (NE) represent two clinically prevalent pediatric disorders that frequently present as comorbidities. OSA, characterized by recurrent upper airway collapse during sleep, and NE, defined as involuntary voiding during sleep, collectively contribute to psychosocial distress in children. Emerging evidence suggests that OSA in children can cause NE through multiple mechanisms, though the pathophysiological interplay involving altered arousal thresholds and hormonal dysregulation remains incompletely elucidated.

Causal Association Between Microbiome and Oral-Oropharyngeal Cancer: A Mendelian Randomization Study.

Introduction And Aims: This study aimed to examine the causal link between oral microbiome and the risk of oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OOPSCC) using Mendelian randomization (MR).

Methods: Utilizing single nucleotide polymorphisms as instrumental variables, we applied the MR inverse-variance weighted approach to assess the impact of salivary and tongue microbiome on OOPSCC. The data were obtained from the CNGBdb database and the UK Biobank, and analytical procedures were performed using the R package 'TwoSampleMR'.

Extracellular matrix shapes cancer stem cell behavior in breast cancer: a mini review.

Today, cancer has become one of the leading global tragedies. It occurs when a small number of cells in the body mutate, causing some of them to evade the body's immune system and proliferate uncontrollably. Even more irritating is the fact that patients with cancers frequently relapse after conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy, leading to additional suffering.

Possible mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2-associated myocardial fibrosis: reflections in the post-pandemic era.

Since December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been spreading worldwide with devastating immediate or long-term effects on people's health. Although the lungs are the primary organ affected by COVID-19, individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 also develop systemic lesions involving multiple organs throughout the body, such as the cardiovascular system. Emerging evidence reveals that COVID-19 could generate myocardial fibrosis, termed "COVID-19-associated myocardial fibrosis.

Rodent models for oral microbiome research: considerations and challenges- a mini review.

Rodent models have been commonly employed in oral microbiota research to investigate the relationship between bacteria and oral disease. Nevertheless, to apply the knowledge acquired from studies conducted on rodents to a human context, it is crucial to consider the significant spatial and temporal parallels and differences between the oral microbiota of mice and humans. Initially, we outline the comparative physiology and microbiology of the oral cavity of rodents and humans.

Microbiome's role in musculoskeletal health through the gut-bone axis insights.

The interplay between the human microbiome and the musculoskeletal system represents a burgeoning field of research with profound implications for understanding and treating musculoskeletal disorders. This review articulates the pivotal role of the microbiome in modulating bone health, highlighting the gut-bone axis as a critical nexus for potential therapeutic intervention. Through a meticulous analysis of recent clinical research, we underscore the microbiome's influence on osteoporosis, sarcopenia, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis, delineating both the direct and indirect mechanisms by which microbiota could impact musculoskeletal integrity and function.

Tumor microenvironment as a complex milieu driving cancer progression: a mini review.

It has been spotlighted that the Tumor Microenvironment (TME) is crucial for comprehending cancer progression and therapeutic resistance. Therefore, this comprehensive review elucidates the intricate architecture of the TME, which encompasses tumor cells, immune components, support cells, and a myriad of bioactive molecules. These constituents collectively foster dynamic interactions that underpin tumor growth, metastasis, and nuanced responses to anticancer therapies.