Presence of microscopic skipping growth pattern correlated with KRAS or GNAS mutations in pulmonary mucinous adenocarcinoma.

Introduction: Mucinous adenocarcinoma is a special subtype of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Currently, it remains unclear whether the molecular alterations are associated with its clinicopathological characteristics.

Methods: A total of 93 cases of pulmonary mucinous adenocarcinoma were assessed in this study.

Research on solid-state lasers with adjustable pulse width based on the controllable release of the inverted population.

A laser with an adjustable pulse width is very important for laser processing and scientific research. In this study, we propose a theoretical model to adjust laser pulse width by controlling the diffraction loss of the resonator cavity in an acousto-optic Q-switched solid-state laser system. The varies of the diffraction loss are in accordance with a set function, then modulating the release of the inverted population.

Diode-pumped mode-locked Yb:YScO laser.

To the best of our knowledge, we report on the mode-locking of the mixed sesquioxide single crystal Yb:YScO for the first time. The spectra of Yb ions in this crystal were studied at both room temperature and low temperature. A continuous-wave laser output at 1080 nm was achieved using a fiber-coupled semiconductor laser, with a pump wavelength of 976 nm, in the Yb:YScO crystal, yielding a maximum output power of 7.

Chinese guidelines for HER2 testing in breast cancer (2024 edition): summary of key recommendations.

In December 2024, the Chinese expert panel released the updated Chinese Guidelines for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) testing in breast cancer (2024 edition), building on the 2019 version and incorporating recent advancements. These guidelines, referred to as the 2024 guidelines, feature significant format changes, enhance clinical applicability and provide more robust evidence-based recommendations. Identifying patients who may benefit from emerging anti-HER2 antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) therapies has become increasingly important.

Identification of constitutional MLH1 methylation in MLH1-deficient colorectal cancer.

Background: Constitutional MLH1 methylation (epimutation), a poorly recognized mechanism for Lynch syndrome (LS), is usually overlooked due to current screening strategies that rely on tumor MLH1 methylation as an indication of sporadic mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) colorectal cancer (CRC). We aimed to assess the frequency and clinicopathological characteristics of constitutional MLH1 methylation among dMMR CRC cases with tumor MLH1 methylation.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study on two independent cohorts: a discovery cohort of 48 MLH1-deficient CRC cases (2017-2021) and a validation cohort of 159 consecutive CRC cases (2022-2024).

Prevalence of Atypical and Subclonal p53 Immunohistochemistry Expression in Mismatch Repair Deficient and/or POLE-Mutant Endometrial Carcinomas with TP53 Mutation.

p53 Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a reliable surrogate for determining TP53 mutation status in endometrial carcinomas (ECs). However, the correlation of p53 IHC patterns and TP53 mutation characteristics in mismatch repair deficiency (MMRd) and/or POLE-mutant ECs was not comprehensively investigated. In this study, we identified 4 p53 expression patterns in 40 MMRd and/or POLE-mutant ECs with TP53 mutations.

Molecular profiling reveals the malignant potential in solid pseudopapillary neoplasms of the pancreas.

Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas (SPN) is a rare tumor primarily affecting middle-aged women, typically characterized by indolent behavior but occasionally demonstrating malignant potential through invasive growth and metastasis. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms driving this heterogeneity, a multi-omics approach was applied to analyze paired metastatic lesions, primary tumors, and normal pancreatic tissues. Methylation profiling via the Illumina Infinium Methylation EPIC BeadChip identified 2425 differentially methylated positions (DMPs) in metastatic versus primary lesions, with 798 DMPs conserved across both lesion types.

Molecular and clinicopathological characteristics of invasive breast cancers with HER2-ultralow expression.

The identification of HER2-low and HER2-ultralow breast cancer (BC) subgroups has garnered considerable attention following the demonstrated clinical efficacy of HER2-targeted antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). This study investigated whether these subgroups represent distinct biological subtypes compared to HER2-undetected tumors. Analyzing 297 HER2-negative BCs stratified by immunohistochemistry (50.

WFDC3 identified as a prognostic and immune biomarker in pancreatic cancer.

The whey acidic protein four-disulfide core (WFDC) family comprises key modulators of tumor initiation and progression, offering significant potential for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic applications. However, the specific role of WFDCs in the oncogenesis of pancreatic cancer (pancreatic adenocarcinoma [PAAD]) remains incompletely understood. To address this, we conducted an initial investigation using comprehensive bioinformatic analyses to evaluate WFDCs expression patterns across multiple tumor types, with a focus on PAAD.

FRα expression in advanced endometrial carcinoma: Clinicopathological, molecular, and prognosis correlates.

Background: Advanced endometrial carcinoma (EC) is a therapeutic challenge with limited treatment options. Folate receptor alpha (FRα)-targeted antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are being explored for EC treatment. However, the molecular profiles of FRα-expressing ECs remain understudied.

Labor-Efficient Pathological Auxiliary Diagnostic Model for Primary and Metastatic Tumor Tissue Detection in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.

Accurate histopathological evaluation of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), including primary tumor lesions and lymph node metastases, is critical for prognostic evaluation and personalized therapeutic strategies. Distinct from other solid tumors, PDAC presents unique diagnostic challenges owing to its extensive desmoplasia, unclear tumor boundary, and difficulty in differentiating from chronic pancreatitis. These characteristics not only complicate pathological diagnosis but also hinder the acquisition of pixel-level annotations required for training computational pathology models.

Clinical Validation of a Targeted RNA-Sequencing Assay for Driver Gene Alteration Detection in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Background And Objective: With the increasing number of diagnostic biomarkers associated with tumor diagnosis, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, access to clinical pathological specimens of an appropriate size for analysis is becoming a problem. Conventional high-throughput sequencing assays for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) often necessitate the extraction of separate DNA and RNA samples to achieve precise detection of various mutation types. This study aimed to employ RNA-next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology to simultaneously detect different types of mutations in NSCLC samples, including single nucleotide variations, insertions and deletions, fusions/rearrangements, and exon skipping, thereby addressing the issue of limited sample availability.

Chinese Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare spindle-cell neoplasm. IMT currently suffers from a paucity of standardized diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines. The Chinese expert consensus committee on the diagnosis and treatment of IMT formed an "Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor".

Intrinsic subtype and immunity score in identification of triple-negative breast cancer at low risk.

Introduction: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is group of heterogeneity caner. Despite majority of them had the unfavorable prognosis, a subset of patients who do not receive chemotherapy exhibit a good prognosis. Biomarkers are required to recognize these group of pateints and improve the current therapeutic strategies for them.

Characteristics of the immune microenvironment and their clinical significance in lung adenocarcinoma patients with different ALK fusion variants.

Background: The tumor immune microenvironment of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-rearranged lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) stratified by ALK fusion variants is poorly pictured. Hence, in this study, we aim to explore the immune heterogeneity of ALK LUAD across different ALK fusion variants and further investigate their significance on clinical prognosis.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on ALK LUAD patients (N=68).

Tuning Printability and Adhesion of a Silver-Based Ink for High-Performance Strain Gauges Manufactured via Direct Ink Writing.

Structural health monitoring (SHM) systems are critical in ensuring the safety of space exploration, as spacecraft and structures can experience detrimental stresses and strains. By deploying conventional strain gauges, SHM systems can promptly detect and assess localized strain behaviors in structures; however, these strain gauges are limited by low sensitivity (gauge factor, GF ∼ 2). This study introduces an approach to printing strain gauges with high sensitivity, while also considering stretchability and long-term durability.

NFE2-driven neutrophil polarization promotes pancreatic cancer liver metastasis progression.

Pancreatic cancer liver metastasis is an important factor leading to dismal prognoses. The details of adaptive immune remodeling in liver metastasis, especially the role of neutrophils, remain elusive. Here, combined single-cell sequencing with spatial transcriptomics results revealed that liver metastases exhibit more aggressive transcriptional characteristics and higher levels of immunosuppression compared with the primary tumor.

The clinicopathological and molecular features of primary high-grade neuroendocrine tumour in the breast.

Aims: Nottingham grade for breast cancers, rather than gastro-entero-pancreatic (GEP) grade for neuroendocrine tumours (NETs), is currently applied to primary breast NETs, which need further clarification. High-grade NETs in breast also remain poorly recognised.

Methods And Results: Among 595 breast carcinomas with diffuse synaptophysin (Syn) or chromogranin A (CgA) immunostaining (≥ 90%), 197 eligible cases were selected, including 69 NETs, 123 invasive breast carcinomas of no special type (IBC-NSTs) and five neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs).

scMSI: Accurately inferring the sub-clonal Micro-Satellite status by an integrated deconvolution model on length spectrum.

Microsatellite instability (MSI) is an important genomic biomarker for cancer diagnosis and treatment, and sequencing-based approaches are often applied to identify MSI because of its fastness and efficiency. These approaches, however, may fail to identify MSI on one or more sub-clones for certain cancers with a high degree of heterogeneity, leading to erroneous diagnoses and unsuitable treatments. Besides, the computational cost of identifying sub-clonal MSI can be exponentially increased when multiple sub-clones with different length distributions share MSI status.

The Clinicopathological Features and Prognoses of Lower Uterine Segment Cancer: A Retrospective, Single-Center Cohort Study.

Introduction: This study used single-center data to analyze the clinicopathological features of site-specific endometrial cancer.

Methods: Patients with endometrial carcinoma who had undergone surgery at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, China, between March 2016 and January 2022 were enrolled. Clinical information and pathological characteristics were summarized, and microsatellite status was analyzed using the immunohistochemical method.

Single-cell RNA-seq reveals heterogeneity in metastatic renal cell carcinoma and effect of anti-angiogenesis therapy in the pancreas metastatic lesion.

Metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma has heterogenous tumor microenvironment (TME). Among the metastatic lesions, pancreas metastasis is rare and controversy in treatment approaches. Here, extensive primary and metastatic lesion samples were included by single-cell RNA-seq to decipher the distinct metastasis TME.

Quantifying spatial CXCL9 distribution with image analysis predicts improved prognosis of triple-negative breast cancer.

The C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9 (CXCL9) plays a pivotal role in tumor immunity by recruiting and activating immune cells. However, the relationship between CXCL9 expression and prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is unclear. We investigated CXCL9 mRNA expression, clinicopathological features, and prognosis in TNBC patients.