[Current status and progress of health economics research on allergen specific immunotherapy].

Allergen specific immunotherapy（AIT）, as an effective treatment for allergic rhinitis, asthma, and other allergic diseases, has received widespread attention in the field of health economic evaluation in recent years. This article reviews the current status and progress of economic research on AIT, mainly discussing the socioeconomic burden of allergic rhinitis, the results of health economic studies from different countries, and the primary methods used in health economic research on allergic rhinitis. Existing studies indicate that, although AIT involves high initial costs, it offers significant long-term economic benefits by reducing healthcare resource utilization, improving patient quality of life, and decreasing medication dependence.

The SIRT1 activator SRT2104 mitigates hypoxia-induced white matter injury in neonatal mice.

This study investigated the effects of the Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) activator SRT2104 on hypoxia-induced white matter injury (WMI) in neonatal mice. A mouse model of neonatal WMI was established by exposing C57BL/6 mice to chronic hypoxia from postnatal Day 3 to Day 11. SRT2104 was administered intraperitoneally at doses of 2 mg/kg or 4 mg/kg from Day 11 for 5 days.

Covalent-Bridged Heterointerfaces via Grafted Triazine Organic Polymers Enable Directed Charge Transfer for Efficient Oxygen Reduction in Zn-Air Batteries.

Covalent triazine framework (CTF) derivatives have emerged as promising metal-free electrocatalysts due to their high nitrogen content and intrinsic porosity. However, their performance remains limited by sluggish interfacial charge transport and the inaccessibility of active sites. Herein, we report an interfacial covalent bridging strategy based on grafting polymerization to construct a carbon heterostructure electrocatalyst, featuring vertically aligned nitrogen-doped nanosheets covalently anchored onto graphene (v-N/CNS/Gr) support.

Solar-Driven Atmospheric Water Production Through Hierarchically Ordered Porous Carbon for Self-Sustaining Green Hydrogen Production.

Green hydrogen production by proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) powered by clean energy is a promising and environmentally friendly technology. However, it relies on a high-purity water source, which is limited in regions facing water scarcity. Here, a coupled self-sustaining solar-enabled system is reported that couples atmospheric water harvesting with PEM water electrolysis (AWH-PEMWE), offering a novel pathway for clean water generation and green hydrogen production.

Nutrient diffusion-inspired catalysts with self-reinforced concentration gradient for sustainable electroreduction of dilute CO.

The electrocatalysis of flue gas into CO in membrane electrode assembly (MEA) provides a sustainable route for realizing practical CO electrolysis technology but suffers from restricted CO mass transport due to thick gas boundary layer (GBL) and weak concentration gradient. Inspired by nutrient diffusion mechanism in plant, we introduce the concept of self-reinforced CO concentration gradient, which is realized via porous carbon nanosheets (PC) as soil for enriching CO and single-atomic Ni-doped carbon nanotubes (Ni-CNTs) as rhizome for electro-catalyzing CO. A combined experimental and simulation study reveals optimal length of Ni-CNTs on PC reduces the GBL thickness and spontaneously enhances CO concentration gradient, synergistically breaking the limitation of CO transport.

ALDH4A1 knockdown inhibits in vitro atherosclerosis model by modulating Trim28-mediated P53 ubiquitination to suppress ferroptosis of vascular endothelial cells.

Atherosclerosis (AS) is a primary contributor to cardiovascular disease (CVD), resulting in high mortality. Ferroptosis, triggered by lipid peroxidation, contribute to AS development. This study aimed to explore the regulatory relationships of Trim28, ALDH4A1, P53, and ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of AS.

AI-driven toolset for IPF and aging research associates lung fibrosis with accelerated aging.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a condition predominantly affecting the elderly and leading to a decline in lung function. Our study investigates the aging-related mechanisms in IPF using artificial intelligence (AI) approaches. We developed a pathway-aware proteomic aging clock using UK Biobank data and applied it alongside a specialized version of Precious3GPT (ipf-P3GPT) to demonstrate an AI-driven mode of IPF research.

Elevated Squamous Cell Carcinoma Associated Antigen and Pulmonary Nodule Caused by Airway Foreign Bodies Mimic Lung Cancer.

Background: Airway foreign bodies can occur at any age and often expose the patients to the risk of pulmonary infections, pulmonary atelectasis, and even asphyxia. It is more commonly observed in children and less likely in adults. We report a case of an elderly man with elevated squamous cell carcinoma-associated antigen combined with multiple nodules in both lungs, initially diagnosed as lung cancer and eventually diagnosed as multiple foreign bodies in both lungs by bronchoscopy.

The Quinazoline Derivative, QNZ, Alleviates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Suppressing Th1 and Th17 Cells.

Aims: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disease affecting the central nervous system (CNS). Substantial evidence implicates a central role for CD4+ T cells in MS pathogenesis, particularly IFN-γ+ Th1 cells and IL-17+ Th17 cells. NF-κB plays an essential role in regulating the differentiation of Th1 and Th17 cells, which typically mediate inflammatory responses as self-triggers.

Harnessing for the Management of Clubroot Disease of Chinese Cabbage ( subsp. ).

Clubroot, caused by Woronin, poses a major threat to Chinese cabbage ( subsp. ) production worldwide, significantly impacting crop yield, quality, and economic value. Biological control represents a promising approach since it is non-toxic and eco-friendly, and it reduces the risk of pathogen resistance development.

Characterization of Key Aroma Compounds in Aged Chinese Baijiu Based on Sensory and Quantitative Analysis: Emphasis on the Contribution of Trace Compounds.

The characteristics and complexity of Baijiu are inseparable from the promotion of aging. While the impact of compounds such as alcohols, esters, and acids on the aroma of aged Baijiu has been extensively studied, the role of other trace compounds in the aging process should not be overlooked. To further investigate the relationship between volatile compounds and the aging of Baijiu, sensomics research methods were employed to analyze profiles of young and aged Baijiu.

High-Density Atomically Dispersed Copper Sites with Close Distances on Ultrathin N-Doped Carbon Nanosheets as an Efficient Oxygen Reduction Catalyst.

Atomically dispersed, non-noble-metal catalysts represent promising alternatives to costly platinum-group electrocatalysts, yet precise control over metal site proximity remains challenging. Herein, we report the synthesis of ultrathin (∼1.5 nm) N-doped carbon nanosheets decorated with densely packed single-atom copper sites (Cu SAs/N-CS), achieved via controlled pyrolysis of a Cu-1-1,2,4-triazole complex precursor.

Revealing the multi-target destruction induced by proanthocyanidins against sp. at the molecular level.

Proanthocyanidins, which are polyphenolic compounds resulting from the condensation of monomeric flavan-3-ols, exhibit antibacterial activity. This study aimed to investigate the impact of proanthocyanidins on the growth and cell membrane of sp., as well as explore their interaction with intracellular macromolecules to comprehensively elucidate the inhibitory mechanism against sp.

Evaluation of ecological risks of antibiotics in Danjiangkou Reservoir basing on toxicity potency and antibiotic resistance genes transfer.

This study investigated the spatiotemporal distribution of antibiotics in Danjiangkou Reservoir, and further assessed their potential risks to aquatic organisms based on toxicity potency as well as their relationships with antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) host microbial communities. Sulfonamides, particularly sulfamethoxazole and sulfamonomethoxine were the most frequently detected antibiotics. Among macrolides, azithromycin showed the highest prevalence and concentrations, likely linked to therapeutic usage in COVID-19.

Risk factors for refractory in Chinese children: a meta-analysis.

Background: With the increase of the incidence rate of in children and the widespread use of azithromycin, the number of cases of refractory increased accordingly. infection was generally considered a self-limiting disease. However, under certain special circumstances, it was highly likely to develop into a refractory disease.

Micro-Galvanic-Driven Scalable Synthesis of Heterostructured Nanoarrays for Durable Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis.

The scalable synthesis of alkaline hydrogen evolution (HER) electrocatalysts that integrate high activity with operational durability is essential for advancing practical anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE). Herein, vertical Cu-MoNi heterostructures are fabricated via a self-driven galvanic-corrosion-coupled low-temperature reduction strategy, circumventing hydrothermal protocols for scalable electrode fabrication. The catalyst achieves a low overpotential of 276 mV and exceptional stability for up to 2000 h at an ampere-level current density of 1 A cm in 1 m KOH.

Optical Resolution of the Morphological Change of Single Nanoparticles at Native Conditions: A Nonsuper-Resolution Approach.

Label-free optical imaging of the morphology of single nanoparticles under native conditions remains a challenging task despite its importance in the synthesis, properties, and applications of nanomaterials. Here, we developed an angular scanning dark-field scattering microscopy (ASDFSM) that can identify the particle morphologies by the features of their angle-dependent scattering intensities without increasing spatial resolution. ASDFSM can unambiguously resolve the morphology of single nanoparticles with sizes down to 1/5 wavelength of the incident light in a large field of view, facilitating the simultaneous imaging of a large number of nanoparticles with statistical significance.

CircCHAF1A induced cellular senescence by enhancing the stability of p21 to suppress gastric cancer progression.

Circular RNA (CircRNAs) have been reported to play crucial roles in gastric cancer pathogenesis. In previous research, we found that circCHAF1A was downregulated in gastric cancer. However, the precise mechanisms and biological functions of circCHAF1A in gastric cancer remain elusive.

Prevalence of Avian Influenza Viruses and Biomolecular Analysis of H9N2 Subtype in Live Poultry Markets from 2021 to 2023 in Changsha, China.

Environmental monitoring of avian influenza virus (AIV) in live poultry markets (LPMs) is vital for health risk forewarning, and survey of AIV environmental prevalence and biomolecular analysis of keystone subtypes remain essential. In this study, 970 biosamples were collected from air, poultry, water, and other environmental specimens of LPMs in Changsha from 2021 to 2023, and environmental prevalence survey of AIV and biomolecular analysis of H9N2 subtype were then conducted. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was employed to detect the AIV and its subtypes (H5/H7/H9), revealing the positive rates of 68.

Platelet/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio as a biomarker of depression in individuals with chronic opioid use.

Background: The comorbidity of depression and opioid use is increasingly recognized as a significant public health concern. Chronic opioid use can alter biological systems, including lipid metabolism and inflammatory responses, potentially contributing to depressive symptoms. The platelet/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (PHR) has emerged as a biomarker associated with both cardiovascular and mental health outcomes.

Genome-wide identification and functional analysis of PEL gene family in Brassica napus L.

Background: The function of the PEL gene has recently been studied in rice and Arabidopsis. Overexpression of the PEL1 gene leads to the Pseudo-Etiolation in Light phenotype. PEL1 downregulates chlorophyll accumulation in Arabidopsis and rice, and knocking out genes that downregulate chlorophyll content may improve crop quality and yield.

Integrated machine learning and single-cell RNA sequencing reveal COL4A2 and CXCL6 as oxidative stress-associated biomarkers in periodontitis.

Background: Periodontitis, recognized as the second most prevalent oral disease globally, is strongly linked to systemic disorders like diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, highlighting the critical need for effective prevention and treatment strategies. Oxidative stress plays an important role in periodontitis pathogenesis and progression, yet their specific association remains unclear. This study aims to explore the association between oxidative stress and periodontitis pathogenesis while identifying potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for this condition.

Reliability of Large Language Model Knowledge Across Brand and Generic Cancer Drug Names.

Purpose: To evaluate the performance and consistency of large language models (LLMs) across brand and generic oncology drug names in various clinical tasks, addressing concerns about potential fluctuations in LLM performance because of subtle phrasing differences that could affect patient care.

Methods: This study evaluated three LLMs (GPT-3.5-turbo-0125, GPT-4-turbo, and GPT-4o) using drug names from HemOnc ontology.