Mechanistic Study of NT5E in Reg3β-Induced Macrophage Polarization and Cooperation with Plasma Proteins in Myocarditis Injury and Repair.

We aimed to explore the mechanism by which extracellular-5'-nucleotidase (NT5E) regulates macrophage polarization via regenerating islet-derived protein 3 beta (Reg3β) and other plasma proteins that mediate immune-cell effects on myocarditis. Methods: The involvement of NT5E in Reg3β-induced macrophage polarization was first analyzed using RNA sequencing, Western blotting, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Mendelian randomization was employed to identify NT5E and various plasma proteins as potential therapeutic targets for myocarditis.

Rigid cationic ligands enable high-efficiency NIR-II photoluminescence in copper(i) iodide hybrid semiconductors.

Near-infrared (NIR) luminescent materials are pivotal for advanced optoelectronic and biomedical applications, yet attaining efficient emission in the NIR-II region (950-1400 nm) remains challenging. Here, we introduce a ligand cationization strategy for designing copper(i) iodide-organic hybrid materials that emit in the NIR-II region (920-1120 nm) with PLQYs up to 8.58%.

Significance of halogen bonding in the synergistic nucleation of iodine oxoacids and iodine oxides.

Congeneric iodine oxoacids and iodine oxides, key nucleating vapours in the marine atmosphere, have been reported to nucleate individually. However, whether they can nucleate together remains unknown. Here, we provide molecular-level evidence that IO, the iodine oxide with the highest nucleation potential towards iodine oxoacids, can synergistically nucleate with HIO-HIO.

Enlarged Data Sets and Innovative Applicability Domain Characterization Empower ML Models to Reliably Bridge hERG Binding Data Gaps in Diverse Chemicals.

Chemicals may cause cardiotoxicity by binding to the K channel encoded by the human -related gene (hERG). Given the ever-increasing number of chemicals, developing models to efficiently fill the hERG binding affinity data gap is more desirable than conducting time-consuming experimental tests. However, previous data sets with limited chemical space hindered the development of models with high prediction accuracy and broad applicability domains (ADs).

Macrophage Derived Galectin-3 Promotes Renal Fibrosis and Diabetic Kidney Disease by Enhancing TGFβ1 Signaling.

Over 30% of patients with type 2 diabetes develop diabetic kidney disease (DKD), which has emerged as a major contributor to end stage renal disease. Renal fibrosis represents the final pathological outcome of most chronic kidney disease, particularly DKD. This study demonstrates elevated levels of Galectin-3 (Gal3), a lectin associated with inflammatory and fibrotic conditions, in the plasma and kidneys of DKD mice.

The effect of maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP): a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies involving 50 million pregnancies.

Background: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy is a prevalent pregnancy complication worldwide, and the dose-response association between maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy has not been precisely studied. The aim of this study was to assess dose-response association between maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, including pregnancy induced hypertension, preeclampsia and eclampsia.

Methods: This dose-response meta-analysis searched four electronic databases (Pubmed, Web of science, OVID Embase and OVID Medline) for relevant publications up to October, 2023.

Membrane Proteins: Targets That Should Not Be Overlooked for Assessing Human and Ecological Health Effects of Chemicals.

The potential toxicities of chemicals to humans and wildlife remain largely unknown. bioassays have increasingly been applied for the toxicity testing of chemicals. However, most of these assays target nuclear receptors, with a very limited number targeting membrane proteins (e.

Enzyme and cofactor engineering to increase d-xylonate dehydratase activity for improved d-1,2,4-butanetriol production from d-xylose.

d-1,2,4-Butanetriol (BTO), a C4 platform compound, is widely used in fields such as military and pharmaceuticals. Biosynthesis of d-1,2,4-BTO from lignocellulose-derived d-xylose presents a promising production route. However, the low catalytic activity of d-xylonate dehydratase leading to the accumulation of d-xylonic acid remains a key bottleneck for the efficient production of d-1,2,4-BTO.

Migration and phototransformation of additives in plastic products: A case study of advertising banners.

Advertising banners, as commonly used plastic materials for promotional activities, are enhanced with various additives to optimize their performance. These additives may migrate or transform, presenting potential risks to the health of human and ecosystems. However, the environmental impact of additives in advertising banners has been largely disregarded.

Optical Resolution of the Morphological Change of Single Nanoparticles at Native Conditions: A Nonsuper-Resolution Approach.

Label-free optical imaging of the morphology of single nanoparticles under native conditions remains a challenging task despite its importance in the synthesis, properties, and applications of nanomaterials. Here, we developed an angular scanning dark-field scattering microscopy (ASDFSM) that can identify the particle morphologies by the features of their angle-dependent scattering intensities without increasing spatial resolution. ASDFSM can unambiguously resolve the morphology of single nanoparticles with sizes down to 1/5 wavelength of the incident light in a large field of view, facilitating the simultaneous imaging of a large number of nanoparticles with statistical significance.

Tai Chi's synergistic modulation on autonomic nervous activity and central autonomic networks in functional constipation patients: a randomized controlled trial.

Functional constipation (FCon) is characterized by disrupted brain-gut communication, representing a core pathophysiological mechanism. Physical exercise, a safe and cost-effective intervention, has been proven efficacy in ameliorating constipation symptoms and is a vital self-management strategy. Tai Chi, a traditional Chinese exercise, has been demonstrated to benefit both the gastrointestinal tract and the brain.

Reflections on training and management of junior radiologists through analysis of correction rates in emergency radiology reports.

Purpose: Numerous studies have examined factors affecting junior radiologists' interpretation accuracy, mostly focusing on Western countries. This study investigates the accuracy of radiology reports during emergency shifts in a Chinese hospital, considering shift times, examination types, radiologist experience, and patient factors.

Materials And Methods: From January 2023 to March 2024, we randomly selected emergency shifts and analyzed radiology reports initially interpreted by junior radiologists and reviewed by senior radiologists.

Machine Learning Models Based on Enlarged Chemical Spaces for Screening Carcinogenic Chemicals.

Machine learning (ML) models for screening carcinogenic chemicals are critical for the sound management of chemicals. Previous models were built on small-scale datasets and lacked applicability domain (AD) characterization that is necessary for regulatory applications of the models. In the current study, an enlarged dataset containing 1697 compounds (940 carcinogens and 757 non-carcinogens) was curated and employed to construct screening models based on 12 types of molecular fingerprints, four ML algorithms, and two graph neural networks.

Glymphatic dysfunction is related to motor disability fully mediated by gray matter degeneration in early-stage Parkinson's disease.

Background: Glymphatic dysfunction plays a critical role in Parkinson's disease (PD), but its impact on neurodegeneration and clinical symptoms in the early-stage remains unclear. This study investigates the relationship between glymphatic dysfunction, gray matter (GM) degeneration, and clinical deterioration in early-stage PD.

Methods: A total of 249 early-stage PD patients and 114 healthy controls (HC) underwent T1-weighted and DTI scans, along with clinical assessments.

Brassinosteroid promotes leaf wrinkling in Brassica campestris by regulating a key transcription factor and its downstream genes.

Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris syn. B. rapa) is an important leafy vegetable featuring a variety of cultivars with diverse leaf morphologies.

Unveiling Hidden Health Risks: Machine Learning Enhanced Modeling of Plastic Additive Release Kinetics in Fresh Produce Packaging.

Fresh produce packaging (FPP) plays a critical role in protecting fruits and vegetables from various environmental factors. However, the presence, migration, and human health risks of additives in FPP have received limited attention. This study investigated 73 commonly used additives across six categories of FPP samples collected in China.

Time series analysis of low-concentration air pollution and hospital respiratory disease outpatient visits.

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of short-term exposure to low concentrations of air pollutants on the volume of respiratory outpatient visits in hospitals and their lagged effects.

Methods: The study collected outpatient data from seven hospitals in Fuzhou City, air pollution data provided by the Fuzhou Environmental Monitoring Center Station, and meteorological data from the Fuzhou Meteorological Bureau for analysis from 2019 to 2022. Time series analysis was used to explore the relationship between air pollutants and meteorological factors and daily outpatient visits for respiratory diseases by constructing a generalized linear model (GLM).

Dysregulated lipids homeostasis disrupts CHAC1-mediated ferroptosis driving fibroblast growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor AZD4547 resistance in gastric cancer.

Aims: This study investigates the mechanisms underlying acquired resistance to FGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (FGFR-TKI) in gastric cancer (GC), focusing on the interplay between ferroptosis and lipid metabolism of tumor cells.

Methods: We constructed FGFR-TKI-resistant cell lines from GC cells. RNA sequencing was performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to ferroptosis and assess lipid metabolism in resistant cells.

ZuoJin Pill intervention in HCT116 tumor-bearing mice: Modulation of tumor growth, intestinal barrier integrity and microbial composition.

Background: The progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) disrupts the intestinal mucosal barrier, and impacting patient prognosis. Traditional chemotherapy often induces gastrointestinal toxicity by damaging this barrier. ZJP offers protection to the barrier and suppresses tumor growth.

Photoaging Promotes Toxic Micro/Nanoplastics Release from PLA/PBAT Biodegradable Plastic in Gastrointestinal Condition.

The release of micro/nanoplastics (MNPs) from biodegradable plastics in gastrointestinal environments due to photoaging, along with their associated mechanisms and potential cytotoxicity, is largely unknown. Here, we show that poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene adipate--terephthalate) (PLA/PBAT) films undergo ultraviolet photoaging, resulting in increased surface roughness and a higher quantity of MNPs on the surface. This aging process involves the generation of carbon- and oxygen-centered free radicals, chain scission, and the formation of oxidation products with hydroxyl and carbonyl groups.

Robust computation of subcortical functional connectivity guided by quantitative susceptibility mapping: An application in Parkinson's disease diagnosis.

Previous resting state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) analyses of the basal ganglia in Parkinson's disease heavily relied on T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) atlases. However, subcortical structures are characterized by subtle contrast differences, making their accurate delineation challenging on T1WI. In this study, we aimed to introduce and validate a method that incorporates quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) into the rs-fMRI analytical pipeline to achieve precise subcortical nuclei segmentation and improve the stability of RSFC measurements in Parkinson's disease.

Prediction of hydrolysis pathways and kinetics of sulfamethoxazole: A machine-learning-based molecular dynamics and experimental study.

Sulfonamide antibiotics (SAs), containing several hydrolytic and ionizable groups, have been included in China's "List of Key Controlled New Pollutants (2023 Edition)". Elucidating hydrolysis pathways and kinetics of SAs is crucial for assessing their persistence in the environment. Herein, sulfamethoxazole (SMX), a widely used and detected SA, was chosen as a case.

Fine-Tuning of Alkyl Side Chains in Ultra-Low Bandgap Polymers To Effectively Suppress the Dark Current for Short-Wavelength Infrared Organic Photodetectors.

Short-wavelength infrared organic photodetectors (SWIR OPDs) have great potential for applications in health monitoring, night vision, optical communication, and image sensing. However, the development of SWIR OPDs is limited by challenges in achieving high responsivity () and detectivity (*) due to the exponentially increased nonradiative recombination rate when decreasing the bandgap of conjugated polymers or molecules. In this study, we designed and synthesized a series of donor-acceptor (D-A) type ultralow bandgap (≤0.

Important issues on the prevention of surgical site infections and the management of prophylactic antibiotics.

In this article, we have addressed the recent published article by Wang which examines risk factors associated with surgical site infections (SSIs) and evaluates the effectiveness of prophylactic antibiotics in their prevention. Wang identified several significant risk factors of SSIs, including age ≥ 60 years, diabetes mellitus, and surgical complications such as insufficient cystic duct stump closure, gallbladder perforation, empyema, and postoperative hematoma. Their findings suggest that prophylactic antibiotics can serve as a protective factor against SSIs.