Binding differences of fluxapyroxad with succinate dehydrogenase across species: insights from in silico simulations.

Background: Elucidating the species selectivity mechanism of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) inhibitors (SDHIs) is crucial for the discovery novel eco-friendly SDHI fungicides. Fluxapyroxad (FLX), a representative SDHI, was investigated through in silico study to identify species-specific differences in its binding modes with SDH.

Results: SDH structure models of six species were constructed, and the model predicted by Discovery Studio 3.

ALDH4A1 knockdown inhibits in vitro atherosclerosis model by modulating Trim28-mediated P53 ubiquitination to suppress ferroptosis of vascular endothelial cells.

Atherosclerosis (AS) is a primary contributor to cardiovascular disease (CVD), resulting in high mortality. Ferroptosis, triggered by lipid peroxidation, contribute to AS development. This study aimed to explore the regulatory relationships of Trim28, ALDH4A1, P53, and ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of AS.

Discovery of Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors Containing a Diphenylacetylene Fragment as Antifungal Agents.

The scaffold hopping strategy of chain extension is widely used in medicines and pesticides, many of which have introduced alkynes to increase rigidity and activity. Therefore, an alkyne molecule is introduced into the biphenyl structure to form alkyne-containing difluoropyrazole derivatives. Most of the compounds had excellent activity in activity tests against .

The Predictive Value of Quantitative Flow Ratio and Its Derived Angiographic Microvascular Resistance for Restenosis Following Drug-Coated Balloon Angioplasty.

Background: Initially, drug-coated balloon (DCB) angioplasty was primarily employed for in-stent restenosis (ISR) treatment. Over time, its indications have broadened to include de novo small-vessel lesions and bifurcation lesions. However, there is a lack of effective strategies to reduce restenosis rates post-DCB angioplasty.

Industrial Alkaline Electrolyzers Enabled by Interface-Engineered Cobalt Oxide Electrodes for High-Efficiency Water Splitting.

Alkaline (ALK) electrolysis is an important means to generate green hydrogen from water splitting, and its technical advance hinges critically on the breakthrough of catalytic electrodes capable of high current densities at low overpotentials. Here, an efficient and robust hydrogen-evolving electrode is developed, composed of cobalt oxide (CoO) nanosheet catalyst with a metal cobalt transition interface on the current-collecting nickel wire mesh substrate. This CoO electrode affords a unique charge avalanche effect at the metal-semiconductor interface to concentrate electron release and thus enables high-current-density hydrogen evolving at 1000 mA cm with only 207 mV overpotential, far outperforming commercial Raney nickel electrode that commonly delivers current densities below 500 mA cm at 300-500 mV overpotentials.

Seawater Electrolysis Sustained via the Permselective Layer on Catalysts.

Seawater electrolysis is a sustainable strategy to produce green hydrogen but necessitates robust anodes capable of resisting chlorine corrosion and side reactions. Here, we design the conformal phosphate coating on nickel-iron molybdate microrods as an ion-selective permeable layer to sustain alkaline seawater oxidation against chlorine attack even at ampere-level high current densities. Insights into the chemical microenvironment shed light on the roles of surface phosphates both in repelling chloride ions and facilitating hydroxyl diffusion to sustain the high-flux oxygen evolution reaction.

Organocatalytic enantioselective α-difluoromethylketone thiolation of β-keto esters using phthalimide-SCFCOAr.

The first asymmetric α-difluoromethylketone thiolation of diverse β-keto esters using an electrophilic phthalimide-SCFCOAr reagent (PhthN-SCFCOAr) was reported. In the presence of cinchona-alkaloid-based catalyst (DHQD)PHAL, the reaction was achieved in moderate yields with a moderate to excellent enantioselectivity (up to 93% ee) under mild reaction conditions and exhibited functional group compatibility. An ammonium hydrogen-bonded induction model was proposed to rationalize the origin of enantioselectivity.

WRKY27- module of Ichang papeda () promotes cold tolerance by modulating spermidine content.

Spermidine (Spd) is one of the predominant polyamines in higher plants and plays a crucial role in combating various abiotic stresses. However, the molecular functions and underlying regulatory mechanisms associated with plant Spd synthase (SPDS) genes in cold tolerance remain poorly understood. In this study, cold treatment markedly induced Spd accumulation and enhanced SPDS activity in Ichang papeda (), a cold-hardy plant in genus.

Design, Synthesis, Nematicidal Activity Evaluation, and Mode of Action Study of Novel Trifluorobutene Ester Derivatives as Potential Nematicides.

Crop protection globally is under threat from infections caused by plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs). PPNs can wreak havoc on agricultural production. However, only limited nematicides are currently available, and the growing resistance problem is a concern; therefore, novel nematicides are urgently needed.

Design, Synthesis, and Bioactivity Evaluation of Novel Indene Amino Acid Derivatives as Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors.

Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs) represent one of the three predominant fungicide categories in contemporary agricultural markets, garnering an increasing level of research interest. Building upon our prior work utilizing aminocyclobutanecarboxylic acid as a linker, we designed and synthesized a novel series of indene amino acid derivatives to optimize hydrophobic interactions with the SDH enzyme. These derivatives demonstrated potent in vitro antifungal activity against , , and , with compound exhibiting efficacy comparable to boscalid against all three pathogens.

Comprehensive investigation of longitudinal spindle-shaped Yb-doped fibers for high-power laser applications.

We present a comprehensive investigation on the laser properties of longitudinal spindle-shaped Yb-doped fibers (SYDFs), focusing on transverse mode instability (TMI) and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS), by conducting theoretical and experimental comparisons with traditional uniform double-clad fibers. The underlying physical mechanisms for TMI and SRS characteristics in SYDF amplifiers are revealed through detailed theoretical analysis. The experimental comparisons indicate that the SYDF showcases a slightly weaker TMI threshold than that of the uniform fiber with the same core-to-cladding ratio, showing ∼4.

Hit to lead optimization of carbothioate derivatives as novel succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors using a multistep virtual screening approach.

Background: Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs) represent one of the most important fungicide subclasses for the chemical control of plant diseases. The identification of novel SDHIs with innovative scaffolds through virtual screening is crucial for pathogenic fungi management and food security.

Results: A novel carbothioate hit compound was identified through a hierarchical virtual screening protocol with novel β-ketonitrile fungicidal compound as query structure.

Novel Synthetic Method and Insecticidal Evaluation of CF-Containing Polycyclic Neonicotinoid Derivatives.

The modification of active ingredients with a trifluoromethyl group represents a significant approach for the discovery of highly active pesticides. Herein, we developed a novel [3 + 3] annulation reaction of neonicotinoid precursors and trifluoromethyl-α,β-ynones and synthesized a series of CF-containing polycyclic neonicotinoid derivatives in high efficiency. The insecticidal activity results indicated that most of the target compounds showed good insecticidal activities against and at a concentration of 100 mg/L.

EZH2 suppresses IR-induced ferroptosis by forming a co-repressor complex with HIF-1α to inhibit ACSL4: Targeting EZH2 enhances radiosensitivity in KDM6A-deficient esophageal squamous carcinoma.

The mutation status of the lysine demethylase 6 A (KDM6A), a gene antagonist to Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), is closely related to the therapeutic efficacy of EZH2 inhibitors in several malignancies. However, the mutational landscape of KDM6A and the therapeutic targetability of EZH2 inhibitors in esophageal squamous carcinoma (ESCC) remain unreported. Here, we found that approximately 9.

Discovery of Novel Neonicotinoids with Conjugated Diene Enabled by Cascade Allylation/Isomerization Synthetic Methodology.

As one of the most significant insecticides, neonicotinoids have played a pivotal role in crop protection and public sanitation. However, the high resistance and bee toxicity of neonicotinoid insecticides have attracted considerable attention. Herein, a series of neonicotinoid compounds with conjugated diene moieties were synthesized through the cascade allylation/isomerization reaction.

ABCF1-K430-Lactylation promotes HCC malignant progression via transcriptional activation of HIF1 signaling pathway.

Lysine lactylation plays critical roles in various diseases, including cancer. Our previous study showed that lactylation of non-histone ABCF1 may be involved in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression. In this study, we evaluated the prognostic value of ABCF1-K430la in HCC using immunohistochemical staining and performed amino acid point mutations, multi-omics crossover, and biochemical experiments to investigate its biological role and underlying mechanism.

2-Aminobenzothiazole based adjuvant of polymyxin E against Gram-negative bacteria.

Antibiotic resistance has emerged as a pressing global health issue. Polymyxin E, commonly regarded as a clinically important antibiotic, faces limitations due to its dose-dependent toxicity. A crucial strategy to combat this is the development of an antibiotic adjuvant to enhance efficacy while reducing dosage.

Prediction of perovskite oxygen vacancies for oxygen electrocatalysis at different temperatures.

Efficient catalysts are imperative to accelerate the slow oxygen reaction kinetics for the development of emerging electrochemical energy systems ranging from room-temperature alkaline water electrolysis to high-temperature ceramic fuel cells. In this work, we reveal the role of cationic inductive interactions in predetermining the oxygen vacancy concentrations of 235 cobalt-based and 200 iron-based perovskite catalysts at different temperatures, and this trend can be well predicted from machine learning techniques based on the cationic lattice environment, requiring no heavy computational and experimental inputs. Our results further show that the catalytic activity of the perovskites is strongly correlated with their oxygen vacancy concentration and operating temperatures.

A Comparison of DNA-Methylation during Protoplast Culture of Ponkan Mandarin ( Blanco) and Tobacco ( L.).

The epigenetic variation in protoplast regeneration is a topic that has attracted interest recently. To elucidate the role of DNA methylation in the regeneration of protoplasts from the ponkan (), this study employs the methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP) molecular marker technique to analyze changes in DNA methylation levels and patterns during the isolation and culture of protoplasts from ponkan and tobacco. Additionally, differential DNA methylation fragments are cloned, sequenced, and subjected to bioinformatics analysis.

Novel 2-aminothiazole analogues both as polymyxin E synergist and antimicrobial agent against multidrug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria.

The widespread emergence of antibiotic resistance poses a substantial challenge to global health. While polymyxin E serves as a final option in treatment, its effectiveness is hindered by dose-related toxicity. A crucial strategy for addressing this issue involves incorporating an antibiotic adjuvant to enhance the antibiotic's efficacy and decrease the required dosage.

Shengmai Powder regulates alveolar macrophage PPAR-γ and improves the chronic inflammatory state of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

This study examines the therapeutic effects of Shengmai Powder (SMP) on both in vitro and in vivo models of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the underlying mechanisms. Cigarette smoke and cigarette extracts were used to create in vitro and in vivo models of COPD. ELISA was used to measure the levels of pro-inflammatory factors (IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β) in mouse lung tissue and alveolar macrophages.

Boosting oxygen evolution reaction by FeNi hydroxide-organic framework electrocatalyst toward alkaline water electrolyzer.

The oxygen evolution reaction plays a vital role in modern energy conversion and storage, and developing cost-efficient oxygen evolution reaction catalysts with industrially relevant activity and durability is highly desired but still challenging. Here, we report an efficient and durable FeNi hydroxide organic framework nanosheet array catalyst that competently affords long-term oxygen evolution reaction at industrial-grade current densities in alkaline electrolyte. The desirable high-intensity performance is attributed to three aspects as follows.

The transcription factor ERF110 promotes cold tolerance by directly regulating sugar and sterol biosynthesis in citrus.

ERFs (ethylene-responsive factors) are known to play a key role in orchestrating cold stress signal transduction. However, the regulatory mechanisms and target genes of most ERFs are far from being well deciphered. In this study, we identified a cold-induced ERF, designated as PtrERF110, from trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata L.

Transcriptome and metabolome atlas reveals contributions of sphingosine and chlorogenic acid to cold tolerance in Citrus.

Citrus is one of the most important fruit crop genera in the world, but many Citrus species are vulnerable to cold stress. Ichang papeda (Citrus ichangensis), a cold-hardy citrus species, holds great potential for identifying valuable metabolites that are critical for cold tolerance in Citrus. However, the metabolic changes and underlying mechanisms that regulate Ichang papeda cold tolerance remain largely unknown.