Prognostic models for large cell neuroendocrine lung carcinoma: a machine learning and regression approach.

Background: Large cell neuroendocrine lung carcinoma (LCNEC) is a rare and aggressive subtype of lung cancer with high rates of lymph node metastasis (60-80%) and distant metastasis (40%) at diagnosis. This study aimed to develop and evaluate 5-year survival prognostic models for patients with LCNEC, comparing the traditional Cox proportional hazards regression model with machine learning approaches, including Gradient Boosting, XGboost, Random Survival Forests, Extra Survival Trees, and Neural Networks.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study utilized data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (2000-2021), including 6,062 patients with pathologically confirmed LCNEC.

Prognostic factors for non-small cell lung cancer after neoadjuvant therapy and surgery: a retrospective observational study.

Background: Neoadjuvant therapy, given before surgery, improves surgical outcomes and survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, there is limited research on factors influencing postoperative survival and recurrence. This study aims to identify key prognostic factors following lung resection after neoadjuvant therapy.

Gegen Qinlian Decoction Attenuates Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer via Suppressing TLR4 Signaling Pathway Based on Network Pharmacology and In Vivo/In Vitro Experimental Validation.

: Gegen Qinlian Decoction (GQD), is used for intestinal disorders like ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel syndrome, and colorectal cancer. But the precise mechanisms underlying its anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects are not fully elucidated. : Use network pharmacology to identify targets and pathways of GQD.

Granules alleviate brain damage in spontaneously hypertensive rats by modulating the miR-124/STAT3 signaling axis.

Objectives: To explore the mechanism of Granules (QDG) for alleviating brain damage in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs).

Methods: Twelve 5-week-old SHRs were randomized into SHR control group and SHR+QDG group treated with QDG by gavage at the daily dose of 0.9 g/kg for 12 weeks.

Theoretical Investigation of Two-Dimensional FeC Structures with Surface Van Hove Singularity for Electrochemical Nitric Oxide Reduction Reaction.

The electrochemical nitric oxide reduction reaction (eNORR) is an efficient method for converting aqueous NO into NH. The pursuit of innovative electrocatalysts with enhanced activity, selectivity, durability, and cost-effectiveness for NORR remains a research focus. In this study, using particle swarm optimization (PSO) searches, density functional theory (DFT), and the constant-potential method (CPM), we predict two stable two-dimensional FeC monolayers, designated as α-FeC and β-FeC, as promising electrocatalysts for the NORR.

Boosting oxygen evolution reaction by FeNi hydroxide-organic framework electrocatalyst toward alkaline water electrolyzer.

The oxygen evolution reaction plays a vital role in modern energy conversion and storage, and developing cost-efficient oxygen evolution reaction catalysts with industrially relevant activity and durability is highly desired but still challenging. Here, we report an efficient and durable FeNi hydroxide organic framework nanosheet array catalyst that competently affords long-term oxygen evolution reaction at industrial-grade current densities in alkaline electrolyte. The desirable high-intensity performance is attributed to three aspects as follows.

Effect of composition and architecture on the thermodynamic behavior of AuCu nanoparticles.

The chemical and physical properties of nanomaterials ultimately rely on their crystal structures, chemical compositions and distributions. In this paper, a series of AuCu bimetallic nanoparticles with well-defined architectures and variable compositions has been addressed to explore their thermal stability and thermally driven behavior by molecular dynamics simulations. By combination of energy and Lindemann criteria, the solid-liquid transition and its critical temperature were accurately identified.

Chinese medicinal formula Fu Xin decoction against chronic heart failure by inhibiting the NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD pyroptotic pathway.

Background: Various heart diseases ultimately lead to chronic heart failure (CHF). In CHF, the inflammatory response is associated with pyroptosis, which is mediated by the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Fu Xin decoction (FXD) is commonly used in clinical practice to treat CHF and improve inflammatory conditions.

Wavelet transform and deep learning-based obstructive sleep apnea detection from single-lead ECG signals.

Sleep apnea is a common sleep disorder. Traditional testing and diagnosis heavily rely on the expertise of physicians, as well as analysis and statistical interpretation of extensive sleep testing data, resulting in time-consuming and labor-intensive processes. To address the problems of complex feature extraction, data imbalance, and low model capacity, we proposed an automatic sleep apnea classification model (CA-EfficientNet) based on the wavelet transform, a lightweight neural network, and a coordinated attention mechanism.

Orderly Nanodendritic Nickel Substitute for Raney Nickel Catalyst Improving Alkali Water Electrolyzer.

The development of nonprecious metal catalysts to meet the activity-stability balance at industrial-grade large current densities remains a challenge toward practical alkali-water electrolysis. Here, this work develops an orderly nanodendritic nickel (ND-Ni) catalyst that consists of ultrafine nanograins in chain-like conformation, which shows both excellent activity and robust stability for large current density hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline media, superior to currently applied Raney nickel (R-Ni) catalyst in commercial alkali-water electrolyzer (AWE). The ND-Ni catalyst featured by a three-dimensional (3D) interconnecting microporous structure endows with high specific surface area and excellent conductivity and hydrophilicity, which together afford superior charge/mass transport favorable to HER kinetics at high current densities.

Confined Synthesis of Amorphous Al O Framework Nanocomposites Based on the Oxygen-Potential Diagram as Sulfur Hosts for Catalytic Conversion.

Sulfur cathodes in Li-S batteries suffer significant volumetric expansion and lack of catalytic activity for polysulfide conversion. In this study, a confined self-reduction synthetic route is developed for preparing nanocomposites using diverse metal ions (Mn , Co , Ni , and Zn )-introduced Al-MIL-96 as precursors. The Ni -introduced Al-MIL-96-derived nanocomposite contains a "hardness unit", amorphous aluminum oxide framework, to restrain the volumetric expansion, and a "softness unit", Ni nanocrystals, to improve the catalytic activity.

Theoretical exploration of the nitrogen fixation mechanism of two-dimensional dual-metal TMTM@CN electrocatalysts.

The electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (eNRR) to NH has become an alternative to traditional NH production techniques, while developing NRR catalysts with high activity and high selectivity is of great importance. In this study, we systematically investigated the potentiality of dual transition metal (TM) atom anchored electrocatalysts, TMTM@CN (TM, TM = 3(4)d TM atoms), for the NRR through the first principles high-throughput screening method. A total of 78 TMTM@CN candidates were designed to evaluate their stability, catalytic activity, and selectivity for the NRR.

Theoretical Exploration on the Role of Magnetic States to the N Fixation behaviors of 2D Transition Metal Tri-borides (TMB s).

Fixing nitrogen (N ) by electrosynthesis method has become a promising way to ammonia (NH ) production, nevertheless, developing electrocatalysts combining long-term stable and low-cost feathers are still a great challenge to date. Using comprehensive first-principles calculations, we herein investigate the potential of a new class of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal tri-borides (TMB s) as nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) electrocatalysts, and explore the effect of magnetic orders on the NRR. Our results show that the TMB s can sufficiently activate N and convert it to NH .

Clinical validation of the two-point method for predicting vancomycin AUC based on peak and trough plasma concentrations.

Background: Vancomycin area under the curve/minimum inhibitory concentration (AUC/MIC) has been proposed as a therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) target to dose vancomycin. It is time-consuming to estimate AUCs using traditional methods. A two-point trough-peak method is more straightforward for calculating the vancomycin AUC.

Identification of chromosomal instability-associated genes as hepatocellular carcinoma progression-related biomarkers to guide clinical diagnosis, prognosis and therapy.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a type of cancer characterized by high heterogeneity and a complex multistep progression process. Significantly-altered biomarkers for HCC need to be identified. Differentially expressed genes and weighted gene co-expression network analyses were used to identify progression-related biomarkers.

Nanoparticulates reduce tumor cell migration through affinity interactions with extracellular migrasomes and retraction fibers.

Nano-tumor interactions are fundamental for cancer nanotherapy, and the cross-talk of nanomedicines with the extracellular matrix (ECM) is increasingly considered essential. Here, we specifically investigate the nano-ECM interactivity using drug-free nanoparticulates (NPs) and highly metastatic cancer cells as models. We discover with surprise that NPs closely bind to specific types of ECM components, namely, retraction fibers (RFs) and migrasomes, which are located at the rear of tumor cells during their migration.

Co-delivery of Docetaxel and Resveratrol by liposomes synergistically boosts antitumor efficiency against prostate cancer.

Combination therapy is frequently used in cancer treatments. Delivery of combined anticancer agents loaded in a nanocarrier would be a promising option for combination therapy. Here, we designed PEGylated nano-liposomes for co-delivery Docetaxel (Doc) and Resveratrol (Res) to evaluate antitumor efficiency of the combined drugs in prostate cancer.

Higher Teicoplanin Blood Level Needed in Elderly Critically Ill Patients.

Background: Significant changes in the pathophysiology of older critically ill patients may affect the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of teicoplanin. This study aimed to determine the optimal teicoplanin blood level in this patient population.

Methods: 128 older critically ill and 86 older non-critically ill patients were involved and analyzed.

Bright chemiluminescent dioxetane probes for the detection of gaseous transmitter HS.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS), the third gaseous transmitter after CO and NO, is a double-edged sword in the human body. A specific concentration of HS can attenuate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by preserving mitochondrial function, in contrast, cause illness, including inflammation and stroke. There are already some probes for the real-time monitoring of the level of HS in the biological environment.

A bioluminescent probe for in vivo imaging of pyroglutamate aminopeptidase in a mouse model of inflammation.

Pyroglutamate aminopeptidase (PGP) specifically cleaves the peptide bond of pyroglutamic acid linked to the N-terminal end of a polypeptide or protein. Previous studies showed that PGP was associated with several physiological processes and diseases especially those involving inflammation. Utilizing a 'caging' strategy, we designed and synthesized a bioluminescence probe (PBL) with a limit-of-detection of 3.

First small-molecule PROTACs for G protein-coupled receptors: inducing -adrenergic receptor degradation.

Proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are dual-functional hybrid molecules that can selectively recruit an E3 ubiquitin ligase to a target protein to direct the protein into the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), thereby selectively reducing the target protein level by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Nowadays, small-molecule PROTACs are gaining popularity as tools to degrade pathogenic protein. Herein, we present the first small-molecule PROTACs that can induce the -adrenergic receptor ( -AR) degradation, which is also the first small-molecule PROTACs for G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to our knowledge.