Engineering Aggregation-Induced Emission Photosensitizers through a Counterion-Modulation Strategy for Enhanced Photodynamic Immunotherapy.

The intersystem crossing (ISC) process of photosensitizers (PSs) is crucial for the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in photodynamic immunotherapy. Herein, a counterion-regulation strategy is applied to enhance ISC efficiency in aggregation-induced emission (AIE) PSs, optimizing type-I ROS production. Three PSs with the same cationic donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) structure, ,-diphenyl-4-(7-(pyridin-4-yl)benzo[][1,2,5]thiadiazol-4-yl)aniline (TBP), were synthesized with different counterions: iodide (I), hexafluorophosphate (PF), and tetraphenylborate (PhB).

Causal effects of different types of physical activity on allergic rhinitis: A Mendelian randomization study.

This study utilized Mendelian randomization (MR) with GWAS data to explore causal links between physical activity and allergic rhinitis (AR), aiming to identify lifestyle intervention targets. AR served as the outcome, with exposures including heavy/light do-it-yourself, exercises (e.g.

Size and Shape Effects on Nanoparticle-Catalyzed Reactions Enabled by High-Throughput Variable-Temperature Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry.

Nanoparticles exhibit unique catalytic properties that are highly dependent on their size and shape, influencing reaction rates, selectivity, and efficiency. Identifying the structural effects that achieve a high catalytic performance is critical to a wide range of applications, from energy conversion to environmental remediation. High-throughput screening (HTS) methods, particularly desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS), offer a powerful approach for rapidly assessing the catalytic performance of nanoparticles with varying sizes and shapes.

Hydrothermal characteristics of carboxymethyl cellulose-induced soil film in farmland.

The Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation Area is located in a temperate arid zone, where the development of double-cropping systems is strongly restricted by high evaporation. The application of modified carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) can induce the binding of surface soil particles to form a soil film, achieve a mulching effect, and improve soil hydrothermal conditions. To elucidate the hydrothermal characteristics of soil film in farmland, we conducted an experiment with the treatments including ammonium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-NH) application rates of 0 (CK, control), 50 (T), 100 (T), 200 (T), and 300 kg·hm(T) to induce soil film formation, and analyzed their effects on soil temperature at 20 cm depth, soil water content, and crop yield in a spring wheat-summer maize rotation system.

Morphological changes in microglia in the mouse brain during postnatal development and obesity.

Microglia are innate immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS) and play critical roles in proper brain development and function. During postnatal development, microglia have a highly plastic morphology and change rapidly in response to the temporal brain environment. However, their dynamics and phenotypes during this period are still not fully elucidated.

Myeloid Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 (CADM1) promotes pro-inflammatory signaling in human Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.

Background And Aims: Cytotoxic T cells have been postulated to facilitate the destruction of intestinal epithelium in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). CADM1, which encodes a membrane adhesion protein that can bind the T cell receptor CRTAM, was markedly up regulated in colons of IBD patients compared to non-IBD (NIBD) patients.

Methods: We performed comprehensive small RNA and RNA profiling on colon tissue from IBD and NIBD control patients in addition to characterizing the cleaved extracellular domain of CADM1 (sCADM1) function in lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMCs) isolated from these patients.

A Multimodal MRI-Based Model for Colorectal Liver Metastasis Prediction: Integrating Radiomics, Deep Learning, and Clinical Features with SHAP Interpretation.

: Predicting colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRLM) is essential for prognostic assessment. This study aims to develop and validate an interpretable multimodal machine learning framework based on multiparametric MRI for predicting CRLM, and to enhance the clinical interpretability of the model through SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis and deep learning visualization. : This multicenter retrospective study included 463 patients with pathologically confirmed colorectal cancer from two institutions, divided into training (n = 256), internal testing (n = 111), and external validation (n = 96) sets.

Learning from Metal Nanocrystal Heterogeneity: A Need for Information-Rich and High-Throughput Single-Nanocrystal Measurements.

Metal nanocrystals (NCs) show utility in a variety of applications due to their unique structure-dependent properties. Isolating these structure-property relationships is crucial for NC design, but heterogeneities present in NC ensembles as well as limitations in NC characterization strategies complicate this goal. Herein, we describe the various types of intraparticle and interparticle heterogeneities common to NC ensembles and then provide a detailed description and comparison of single-particle techniques that can be used to characterize these different heterogeneities.

A novel spherical Mg/Sn co-doped alluaudite-type NaFe(SO) cathode material for durable low-temperature sodium-ion batteries.

Alluaudite-type NaFe(SO) has been a promising cathode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to its high operating voltage and stable structure. However, its actual electrochemical performance suffers from intrinsic sluggish kinetics and poor electronic conductivity. In this work, for the first time, we propose a Na(FeMgSn)(SO) cathode material prepared a Mg/Sn co-doping strategy.

Cotton GhXEGIP1 confers resistance to Verticillium dahliae by inhibiting of fungal VdEG1 and the salicylic acid signaling pathway.

Verticillium dahliae is a widespread and destructive soilborne fungus that causes vascular wilt disease, significantly reducing cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) yield and quality. Cotton's xyloglucan-specific endoglucanase inhibitor protein (GhXEGIP1) has demonstrated effectiveness against the fungal glycoside hydrolase VdEG1, a member of the glycoside hydrolase family 12. However, the mechanisms underlying GhXEGIP1's defense against V.

Efficacy and safety of chiglitazar add-on to metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus (RECAM study).

Aims: Chiglitazar is a novel peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor pan-agonist regulating glucose and lipid metabolism. The RECAM study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of chiglitazar add-on therapy to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Materials And Methods: In this randomised, double-blind, phase III trial (NCT04807348), 533 patients with T2DM inadequately controlled by metformin were randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive chiglitazar 32 mg (n = 178), chiglitazar 48 mg (n = 177), or placebo (n = 178) for 24 weeks, in addition to metformin.

CATCHFIRE-Based Versatile and High-Throughput Screening for Protein Secretion in .

The combination of random mutagenesis and high-throughput screening is an effective strategy for optimizing protein secretion in . However, this strategy is often limited by reliance on activity-dependent screening. Here, we developed a CATCHFIRE (chemically assisted tethering of chimera by fluorogenic-induced recognition) system-based screening method for the quantification of secreted protein, in which the small peptide tag (11 amino acids) was fused to the C-terminus of a target protein, and the secretion of this protein could be detected via fluorescence after addition of the mate (114 amino acids) and the fluorogenic inducer compound match.

Intraoperative low-dose esketamine on postoperative quality of recovery in patients undergoing open gynecologic surgery: a double-blinded, parallel-group, placebo- controlled trial.

Background: Gynecologic laparotomy surgery often leads to moderate to severe pain. Effective analgesia is essential for patient postoperative recovery. We aimed to evaluate the effect of low-dose esketamine on quality of recovery when used as part of multimodal analgesia in patients undergoing open gynecologic surgery.

Silanol Nest Engineering Facilitates Migration-Driven Trapping of Strong Lewis Acid Sites in Self-Pillared Zeolites.

Self-pillared pentasil (SPP) zeolites show great promise for sustainable catalysis but face challenges in stabilizing strong Lewis acid (L-acid) sites due to weak metal-surface interactions. This study develops an "energy-driven migration" strategy to construct confined Zr-Lewis acid sites through defect engineering of boron-containing SPP precursors. By combining controlled Zr grafting with subsequent nitric acid treatment, we achieved selective deboronation to generate tailored silanol nests, directing the migration of surface Zr species into framework-confined sites.

Continuous and precise modulation of vortex beams based on terahertz full-space coding metasurfaces.

Vortex beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) exhibit excellent potential for applications in fields such as sixth-generation communication, quantum information processing, and imaging technologies. However, the realization of multi-mode and full-space continuous precision modulation of vortex beams still faces significant challenges. In this study, a terahertz full-space coding metasurface based on vanadium dioxide (VO) is proposed, combined with a more accurate generalized coding strategy, convolution, and generalized superposition methods to achieve continuous and precise modulation of vortex beams.

Graphene-assisted electromagnetically induced transparency-like terahertz bio-sensor for ultrasensitive detection using optics-enhanced sensing.

In recent years, biosensors based on terahertz metamaterials have emerged as a prominent area of research. However, studies focusing on enhancing biosensing performance through optical pumping to improve sensitivity are scarce. This paper proposes a graphene-based electromagnetically induced transparency-like (EIT-like) optics-enhanced terahertz metamaterials biosensor.

High-sensitivity Mach-Zehnder interferometer temperature sensor based on a no-core optical fiber with a large lateral offset.

We designed and experimentally demonstrated an innovative temperature sensor based on Mach-Zehnder interference, which was formed by splicing a piece of no-core fiber (NCF) between two conventional single-mode fibers (SMFs) with a core offset. The intentional misalignment formed a gap that can be filled with ethanol, and temperature sensing was realized using the mode interference between the two distinct optical paths passing through the NCF cladding and the ethanol solution. Although the NCF length barely influenced the sensor sensitivity, it produced a major impact on the free spectral range (FSR) value.

Optical fiber-based surface plasmon resonance sensor for simultaneous measurement of relative humidity and temperature.

In this work, an optical fiber sensor based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is proposed for simultaneous measurement of relative humidity (RH) and temperature, which is constructed by connecting two segments of thin-core fibers (TCFs) using a multimode fiber (MMF). The gold film was coated on TCFs to excite the SPR effect. One was further coated with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) to sense RH (Channel I), and the other was coated with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to sense temperature (Channel II).

A clickable spherical nucleic acid probe for fluorescence and synchrotron radiation X-ray dual-modality imaging.

In this study, we have developed a dual-mode probe based on click chemistry for spherical nucleic acids (SNAs), achieving extremely specific fluorescence imaging and synchrotron X-ray microscopy of neuronal cells.

Investigation of bioactivity, biocompatibility, and antibacterial properties of a hydroxyapatite-enhanced nanocomposite for dental applications.

The prolonged setting duration of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) constitutes one of its principal limitations. In contrast, Nano Fast Cement (NFC) emerges as an innovative nanocomposite characterized by a rapid setting time. To develop an outstanding dental filler, hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (NHA) were incorporated into NFC to evaluate their effects on setting time, biocompatibility, bioactivity, and antibacterial properties.

Impaired endothelial cell-derived CX3CL1-mediated macrophage efferocytosis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy based on multi-omics analysis.

Background: Clinical studies have demonstrated that multiple inflammatory related proteins are associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). However, the precise role of these factors in the pathogenesis of HCM remains uncertain.

Methods: The link between inflammatory related proteins and HCM was analyzed using Mendelian randomization (MR), followed by bioinformatics to explore the role of inflammatory related proteins in HCM.

Local Inversion Symmetry Breaking and Thermodynamic Evidence for Ferrimagnetism in FeGaTe.

The layered compound FeGaTe is attracting attention due to its high Curie temperature, low dimensionality, and the presence of topological spin textures above room temperature, making FeGaTe a good candidate for applications in spintronics. Here, we show, through transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques, that FeGaTe single crystals break local inversion symmetry while maintaining global inversion symmetry according to X-ray diffraction. Coupled to the observation of Néel skyrmions via Lorentz-TEM, our structural analysis provides a convincing explanation for their presence in centrosymmetric materials.

Preoperative albumin-to-fibrinogen ratio as a predictor of postoperative hospital stay in locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after neoadjuvant therapy.

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a major global health issue, with postoperative hospital length of stay (LOS) being a critical factor influencing patient outcomes and healthcare costs. This study evaluates the impact of preoperative albumin-to-fibrinogen ratio (AFR) and albumin-to-D-II aggregates ratio (ADR) on LOS in patients with locally advanced ESCC undergoing neoadjuvant therapy. A retrospective study of 135 patients with locally advanced ESCC who underwent esophagectomy after neoadjuvant therapy (July 2013-November 2020).

Revealing Anisotropic Growth of Liraglutide Oligomers by Native Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Dynamics Simulation.

Oligomerization is an intriguing problem, particularly at the early stages of soluble prefibril oligomer formation, where the growth mechanisms of these species remain difficult to study due to their complexity and heterogeneity. Liraglutide, a widely used drug for diabetes and obesity, has demonstrated various oligomerization outcomes in different studies. In this study, we integrate native ion mobility mass spectrometry (nIM-MS) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to unravel the assembly mechanisms of liraglutide oligomers.

Linearly Programmable Oxygen-Doped MoS Memtransistor for Neuromorphic Computing.

The investigation of two-dimensional material memtransistors based on surface defect dynamics modulation holds significant importance for the development of efficient artificial heterosynaptic and advanced bionic systems. Thus, reported herein is an interfacial control technology that combines inert-atmosphere thermal annealing with low-temperature ultraviolet ozone doping. Employing this method enables efficient p-type doping of MoS with mild and low damage, and the constructed four-terminal heterosynaptic memtransistor exhibits high switching ratio and linearly programmable memristive switching characteristics.