An eyecare foundation model for clinical assistance: a randomized controlled trial.

In the context of an increasing need for clinical assessments of foundation models, we developed EyeFM, a multimodal vision-language eyecare copilot, and conducted a multifaceted evaluation, including retrospective validations, multicountry efficacy validation as a clinical copilot and a double-masked randomized controlled trial (RCT). EyeFM was pretrained on 14.5 million ocular images from five imaging modalities paired with clinical texts from global, multiethnic datasets.

Synthetic niclosamide-loaded controlled-release nanospheres with high solubility and stability exerting multiple effects against .

Introduction: Niclosamide (NIC) has significant potential as a clinical therapeutic agent for infection (CDI); however, its strong hydrophobicity hampers its oral bioavailability, and its active effects against remain unclear.

Methods: Niclosamide-loaded controlled-release hyaluronic acid-modified poly (lactic--glycolic acid) naosphernes (NIC@PLGA-HAs) were synthesized using an oil-in-water emulsion technique and their effects on cell growth, spore germination, biofilm formation, and NIC interaction sites with toxin B (TcdB) were analyzed.

Results: NIC@PLGA-HAs exhibited enhanced solubility and stability, with a water contact angle on a hydrophilic surface of 65.

The physiological effects of intrinsic and isolated arabinoxylans on human immunometabolic response: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Whole grains and dietary fibers like arabinoxylan (AX) are crucial for human health. However, randomized controlled trials on AX-rich supplements show inconsistent outcomes, with ambiguous explanations. This study aims to differentiate the impact of foods rich in intrinsic versus isolated AXs on immunometabolic profiles.

[Normal- versus negative-pressure drainage after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy in the treatment of prostate cancer].

Objective: To compare the effects of normal-pressure drainage (norPD) and negative-pressure drainage (negPD) after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) in the treatment of PCa.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and follow-up data on 87 cases of PCa treated by LRP from October 2019 to October 2022, 46 receiving norPD and the other 41 negPD postoperatively. We indwelt an F20 pelvic drainage tube for each of the patients, which were connected to an anti-reflux drainage bag for those in the norPD group and a 200 ml negative pressure ball for those in the negPD group, and removed the tubes at the drainage volume ≤30 ml/d.

Separation and characterization of bioactivity compounds from Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium: investigation of the lipid-lowering and anti-oxidant activities.

Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Rutaceae, CRP) is commonly utilized as a qi-regulating drug in numerous Chinese medicine formulations. However, the correlation between active components of CRP and lipid-lowering efficacy remained to be further studied. This research involved the extraction and characterization of six compounds from CRP using 70 % ethanol, RP-C18, thin layer chromatography (TLC), Sephadex LH-20, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR).

The Decrease of Soil Microbial Community Diversity and Network Complexity Results in the Increase of Soil-Borne Diseases With Monocultural Years in Greenhouse Tomato Production Systems.

The excessive use of water and fertiliser, along with long-term monocultivation in greenhouse vegetable fields, has led to a decrease in soil quality and an imbalance in the soil microflora, which may contribute to worsening soil-borne diseases. To examine the associations between the soil microbial community composition and disease-suppressing microorganisms under different years of cultivation shifting from croplands to greenhouses, we collected soil samples from fields continuously planted with tomatoes for 5, 10 and 20 years, as well as from nearby maize-wheat fields (MW). The soil physicochemical properties, microbial community composition, putative plant pathogens and putative antagonistic bacteria were analysed.

Pre-rRNA spatial distribution and functional organization of the nucleolus.

The multilayered nucleolus is the primary site of ribosome biogenesis, where successive maturation of small (SSU) and large (LSU) ribosomal subunit precursors occurs. However, the spatiofunctional relationship between pre-rRNA processing and nucleolar substructures and how this adapts to changing cellular physiological demands have remained incompletely understood. Here our spatiotemporal analyses revealed a compartment-specific ribosomal subunit processing in human nucleoli, with SSU processomes maintained in fibrillar centre (FC)-dense fibrillar component (DFC)-periphery dense fibrillar component (PDFC) domains while LSU pre-rRNAs largely transited to PDFC-granular component regions.

Causal association between circulating cytokine levels and the risk for asthma: A bidirectional, Mendelian randomization study.

Although some observational studies have linked circulating cytokine levels to asthma, their exact causal relationship(s) remain elusive. To address this knowledge gap, a Mendelian randomization (MR) study was performed to explore potential causal associations between circulating cytokine levels and asthma susceptibility using genetic instrumental variables. To investigate potential causal associations between circulating cytokines and asthma risk, a 2-sample MR analysis was performed using data from European participants from publicly available genome-wide association study summary statistics.

Multiple cross displacement amplification (MCDA) for rapid detection of toxigenic as a potential point-of-care testing.

Toxigenic is the cause of infection, highlighting the critical need for rapid and easy-to-use detection. In this study, a multiple cross displacement amplification (MCDA) assay was developed to detect toxigenic and evaluated against real-time PCR and VIDAS toxin A & B assay (CDAB). The results showed that MCDA targeting the gene had a limit of detection (LOD) of 12.

Correlation of anterior cruciate ligament tear with femoral trochlear dysplasia and patellar position.

Objectives: To evaluate the correlation of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear with femoral trochlear dysplasia (FTD) and patella position based on MRI, aiming to identify anatomical risk factors for ACL injuries.

Methods: One hundred and ninety patients with ACL tear conformed by arthroscopy underwent preoperative MRI were retrospectively reviewed in the study from September 2019 to July 2023, and 190 control subjects without ACL tear were collected. Femoral trochlear morphology indicators (including trochlear sulcus depth [TSD], trochlear sulcus lateral facet ratio [TSLFR], and trochlear sulcus angle [TSA]) and patellar position indicators (including patellar cartilage-to-tibial tuberosity distance [PCTD], length of patellar articular surface [LPAS], and Modified Insall-Salvati [MIS] index)were analysed.

Riboflavin drives nucleotide biosynthesis and iron-sulfur metabolism to promote acute myeloid leukemia.

Riboflavin is a diet-derived vitamin in higher organisms that serves as a precursor for flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide, key cofactors that participate in oxidoreductase reactions. Here, using proteomic, metabolomic and functional genomics approaches, we describe a specific riboflavin dependency in acute myeloid leukemia and demonstrate that, in addition to energy production via oxidative phosphorylation, a key biological role of riboflavin is to enable nucleotide biosynthesis and iron-sulfur cluster metabolism. Genetic perturbation of riboflavin metabolism pathways or exogenous depletion in physiological culture medium induce nucleotide imbalance and DNA damage responses, as well as impair the stability and activity of proteins which utilize [4Fe-4S] iron-sulfur clusters as cofactors.

sp.2 Parasitism on Host Metabolic and Immune Regulations by Transcriptome Analysis.

Parasitoids are crucial natural enemies of , a globally notorious pest. Upon parasitization, host metabolism and immune responses were profoundly disrupted, thereby favoring the development of wasps offsprings. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain elusive.

Rbpms2 prevents major cardiac defects in cardiomyocyte-specific Rbpms-deficient mice.

Cell-type-specific splicing depends on RNA-binding splicing factors. Several important splicing factors were identified in cardiomyocytes, including members of the RNA-binding proteins with multiple splicing (RBPMS) family, but their role during heart development has not been fully characterized. Here, we demonstrate that the function of RBPMS overlaps with the closely related paralog RBPMS2.

Correction: Association of early enoxaparin prophylactic anticoagulation with ICU mortality in critically ill patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a machine learning-based retrospective cohort study.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2025.

A multimodal visual-language foundation model for computational ophthalmology.

Early detection of eye diseases is vital for preventing vision loss. Existing ophthalmic artificial intelligence models focus on single modalities, overlooking multi-view information and struggling with rare diseases due to long-tail distributions. We propose EyeCLIP, a multimodal visual-language foundation model trained on 2.

An Integrated Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals the Protective Mechanism of Aspirin on Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a growing health concern worldwide. Aspirin has shown potential in ameliorating MASLD, yet its mechanisms remain incompletely understood. This study aims to investigate the protective effects of aspirin on MASLD by incorporating transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches.

Coumarin bialdehyde-based fluorescent probe for the detection of hydrazine in living cells, soil samples and its application in test strips.

As an essential fine chemical material, the prevalent application of hydrazine (NH) inevitably endangers environmental safety and biological health. Herein, we propose a coumarin derivative (Cou-N-2CHO) with a unique bialdehyde structure for the detection of hydrazine. Both aldehyde groups of Cou-N-2CHO could be nucleophilically attacked by hydrazine, resulting in a new adduct with significant fluorescence enhancement (22-fold).

Identifying Targeted Therapies for CBFA2T3::GLIS2 Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

fusion positive pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains one of the worst prognostic AML subgroups. To uncover innovative targeted therapeutic approaches in this disease subtype we performed genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 screening that highlighted a strong, selective dependency on compared to other types of cancer. Using a doxycycline-inducible knockout (KO) system, we validated dependency in cell lines, observing impaired proliferation in vitro and in vivo and induced apoptosis with KO.

De novo assembly of nuclear stress bodies rearranges and enhances NFIL3 to restrain acute inflammatory responses.

The membrane-less nuclear stress bodies (nSBs), with satellite III (SatIII) RNAs as the hallmark, are present in primates upon sensing stresses. We report that SatⅢ DNAs, SatⅢ RNAs, and 30 nSB proteins assemble into well-organized structures shortly after stresses. The activated SatⅢ heterochromatin loci rapidly expand, resulting in reduced spatial distance and enhanced expression of adjacent genes, including the transcription suppressor NFIL3, which is known to dampen proinflammatory cytokine production.

Association of early enoxaparin prophylactic anticoagulation with ICU mortality in critically ill patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a machine learning-based retrospective cohort study.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major contributor to global morbidity and mortality, particularly during acute exacerbations that frequently require intensive care unit (ICU) admissions. Considering the hypercoagulability associated with COPD, which intensifies during acute episodes, prophylactic anticoagulation therapy may help reduce ICU mortality. However, this potential has not been explored specifically in this population of patients.

Ammonium recovery from wastewater by biochar with different N/O-doped groups and hierarchical pores: Synergistic enhancement mechanisms for strong negative electrostatic potential and micropore filling.

Biochar has shown considerable potential for removing ammonium (NH) from wastewater, supporting sustainable pollution control and nutrient recovery. However, optimizing biochar structure remains challenging, especially concerning the interplay between pore structure, surface functional groups, and NH adsorption mechanisms. This study addresses these challenges by investigating the adsorption mechanism of NH on biochar with nitrogen (N)- and oxygen (O)-doped groups, as well as hierarchical pores, through density functional theory (DFT) calculations and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.

Shish-kebab-like heterostructured cellulose nanofibers towards advanced lithium metal battery separators.

Ideal separators are able to suppress dendrite growth for high-energy and high-safety lithium metal batteries. This study reports a shish-kebab-like heterostructure consisting of bacterial cellulose (BC) nanofibers as the shish and grown polydopamine (PDA) kebabs. The PDA kebabs impart the separators with high porosity (81.

ATF3 restoration as a potential strategy in managing ulcerative colitis: Implications from Sishen pill research.

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease with limited therapeutic options, particularly for moderate-to-severe cases. The present study evaluated the therapeutic potential of Sishen Pill (SSP) through Activating Transcription Factor 3 (ATF3).

Methods: Colonic biopsy samples were collected from 11 UC patients and 6 healthy controls (HCs).

Natural Turmeric-Derived Nanovesicles-Laden Metal-Polyphenol Hydrogel Synergistically Restores Skin Barrier in Atopic Dermatitis via a Dual-Repair Strategy.

Skin barrier impairment is critical in the development of atopic dermatitis (AD), increasing vulnerability to external pathogens and disrupting cell metabolism, which leads to inflammatory stress and immune imbalance. In this study, a natural turmeric-derived nanovesicle (TDNV)-laden metal polyphenol hydrogel, termed Fe-HD@TDNV is proposed, to synergistically restore the compromised skin barrier in AD through a dual-repair strategy. The TDNV effectively regulates metabolic activity by upregulating the expression of skin barrier proteins, antioxidant enzymes, and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in keratinocytes, thereby reinforcing barrier integrity and combating pathogens.