Sea cucumber polypeptide ameliorates aging properties via the brain-gut axis in naturally aging mice.

Background: Sea cucumber has been recognized as a traditional nutraceutical in Chinese medicine for millennia, with its derived polypeptide (SCP) demonstrating diverse bioactive properties. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms underlying SCP's potential geroprotective effects remain insufficiently characterized.

Methods: We systematically evaluated SCP's impact on neuromotor function and cognitive performance in physiologically aged C57BL/6 J mice models using a behavioral test battery comprising open field, Y-maze, and Barnes maze paradigms.

Pharmacological Investigation of Tongqiao Jiuxin Oil Against High-Altitude Hypoxia: Integrating Chemical Profiling, Network Pharmacology, and Experimental Validation.

: Acute mountain sickness (AMS) is a prevalent and potentially life-threatening condition caused by rapid exposure to high-altitude hypoxia, affecting pulmonary and neurological functions. Tongqiao Jiuxin Oil (TQ), a traditional Chinese medicine formula composed of aromatic and resinous ingredients such as sandalwood, agarwood, frankincense, borneol, and musk, has been widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disorders. Clinical observations suggest its potential efficacy against AMS, yet its pharmacological mechanisms remain poorly understood.

Effects of Leaf Peptide on Hypoglycemic Activity In Vitro and Postprandial Glycemic Response in Beagle Dogs.

leaf (MOL) and their extracts have been demonstrated to possess hypoglycemic effects in a variety of species, but they are still unknown in dogs. This study examined the effects of leaf peptide (MOLP) on α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities. Furthermore, we assessed the impact of MOLP on the estimated glycemic index (eGI) of snacks in vitro and the postprandial glycemic response in dogs.

Effects of supplementation with krill oil on blood parameters, hair quality, and fecal microbiota in male beagle dogs.

Krill oil (KO) is a bioactive substance with antioxidant and immunomodulatory functions. This study investigated the impact of administering snacks supplemented with 0.5% KO for 8 weeks on the blood parameters, hair quality, and fecal microbiota in dogs.

Comprehensive identification, stress responses and protein-protein interactions of the ferredoxin gene family in the fast-growing tree species Paulownia fortunei.

Paulownia fortunei is a significant fast-growing economic tree species with wide industrial value, and studies have revealed that its rapid growth mechanism is associated with its C3-CAM photosynthetic characteristics. Ferredoxin, a key protein in the plant photosynthetic electron transport chain, plays a crucial role in both C3 and CAM pathways. In addition to participating in plant photosynthesis and carbon assimilation, ferredoxin also plays important roles in plant nitrogen assimilation, sulfur metabolism, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses.

Functional analysis of vesicular glutamate transporter in Chilo suppressalis: Implications for glutamate transport and pest management.

Glutamate is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in animals, and its storage and release are regulated by vesicular glutamate transporters (vGluTs) in mammals. However, the function of vGluTs in agricultural pests remains largely unexplored. In this study, we successfully cloned the full-length vGluT gene from the rice striped stem borer (RSB) Chilo suppressalis, a major rice pest.

Highly Efficient Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia via p Orbital Coupling and Tandem Reaction in Single Indium Atom Chain.

Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction to ammonia offers an environmentally sustainable approach for nitrogen fixation. P-block metals, especially indium, have emerged as prominent materials in electrocatalysis. The integration of indium with carbon supports represents a key advancement in catalyst design.

Mn(II)-Doped Two-Dimensional Cd Chloride Perovskites with Near-Unity Orange Emission for White Light-Emitting Diodes.

Low-dimensional metal halide perovskites have emerged as a promising class of high-performance phosphors for solid-state lighting applications, owing to their outstanding optical properties, structural diversity, and low-cost solution processability. Here, we report a Mn-doped two-dimensional (2D) cadmium chloride perovskite, Mn:(EDA)CdCl (EDA: ethylenediamine), that achieves highly efficient orange light emission with a near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). The host (EDA)CdCl can emit an unusual ultraviolet emission at 320 nm with a PLQY of 51%, associated with Cd vacancy defects.

Enhancing photocatalytic water splitting over nitrogen-rich BaTaON with Zr doping.

Photocatalytic hydrogen production offers a promising solution for the energy crisis and environmental pollution, and the performance of the photocatalyst is crucial for enhancing the efficiency of hydrogen production. Achieving the intricate structure of metal-doped perovskite oxynitride as photocatalysts responsive to visible light continues to pose a significant challenge. BaTaON demonstrates excellent hydrogen evolution activity under visible light irradiation, and its absorption edge exceeds 600 nm.

The cys-loop ligand-gated ion channel gene superfamilies of the Lepidopteran species, Bombyx mori and Chilo suppressalis.

The rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker), is a major pest of rice crops. It is commonly managed by pesticides, several of which act on cys-loop ligand-gated ion channels (cysLGICs). In insects, the cysLGIC superfamily consists of receptors that mediate fast excitatory or inhibitory synaptic transmission in the nervous system as well as performing non-neuronal roles.

Current diagnosing strategies for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its drug resistance: a review.

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), remains a major global health threat, compounded by the rise of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. This review critically examines the current landscape of laboratory diagnostic methods for MTB, encompassing both established techniques and recent advancements. We explore the growth and genetic characteristics of MTB that underpin drug resistance development and detection.

Remote Regulation of Molecular Diffusion in Extracellular Space of Parkinson's Disease Rat Model by Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation.

Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) is an effective therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the therapeutic mechanisms remain incompletely understood, particularly regarding the extracellular space (ECS), a critical microenvironment where molecular diffusion and interstitial fluid (ISF) dynamics are essential for neural function. This study aims to explore the regulatory mechanisms of the ECS in the substantia nigra (SN) of PD rats following STN-DBS.

Electrochemical Lattice Engineering of Bismuthene for Selective Glycine Synthesis.

Glycine plays a crucial role in various industrial and daily applications. However, traditional synthesis methods are often associated with high toxicity, energy intensity, and inefficiency. This study introduces an efficient and eco-friendly method for synthesizing glycine via the reductive coupling of oxalic acid and nitrate using a Bi metal catalyst, enhanced by lattice strain from Bi and oxide composites undergoing electrochemical transformation.

Proanthocyanidin polymers (condensed tannins) from lychee seeds exhibit antioxidant, anticancer, anti-α-amylase, and anti-tyrosinase activities.

Lychee (Litchi chinensis) is a subtropical fruit known for its potential health benefits. In this study, proanthocyanidins (condensed tannins) from lychee seeds (LSPAs) were isolated using a bioactivity-guided approach. Their structural characteristics, as well as antioxidant, anticancer, anti-α-amylase, and anti-tyrosinase activities, were comprehensively analyzed.

Astrocytic GluN2A alleviates sleep deprivation-induced elevation of Aβ through regulating neprilysin and AQP4 via the calcineurin/NFAT pathway.

Sleep disorders can increase amyloid beta (Aβ) burden in the brain and are linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. The precise mechanism by which sleep disturbances elevate Aβ levels is unclear. Our previous study has demonstrated that knocking down encoding gene Grin2a of astrocytic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors GluN2A subunit could aggravate sleep deprivation (SD)-induced elevation of Aβ, indicating a protective role of astrocytic GluN2A in SD; but the underlying mechanism needs to be further elucidated.

Development and evaluation of a deep learning model for multi-frequency Gibbs artifact elimination.

Background: Gibbs artifacts frequently occur as a result of truncation in the frequency domain (k-space). Gibbs artifacts can degrade image quality and may be misinterpreted as syrinx, thereby complicating the diagnosis. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a robust deep learning (DL) model that eliminates multi-frequency Gibbs artifacts.

Effects of Chenpi ( cv. ) on serum antioxidant enzymes, inflammatory factors, and intestinal health in Beagle dogs.

Ensuring companion animal welfare is a top priority for the pet industry and owners alike. The health of the pets can be directly and effectively improved through diet. Chenpi includes beneficial ingredients with proven anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties.

Chemically Hydrophobic and Structurally Antireflective Nanocoatings in Butterflies.

Moth-eye nanostructures, known for their biological antireflective properties, are formed by a self-assembly mechanism. Understanding and replicating this mechanism on artificial surfaces open avenues for the engineering of bioinspired multifunctional nanomaterials. Analysis of corneal nanocoatings from butterflies of the genus reveals a variety of nanostructures with uniformly strong antiwetting properties accompanied by varying antireflective functionalities.

Stearic acid metabolism in human health and disease.

Named after the Greek term for "hard fat", stearic acid has gradually entered people's field of vision. As an important component of various physiological cellular functions, stearic acid plays a regulatory role in diverse aspects of energy metabolism and signal transduction. Its applications range from serving as a bodily energy source to participating in endogenous biosynthesis.

Effect of UV-C irradiation treatment on mycotoxins production in Fusarium species inoculated wheat seeds during wheat germination.

Wheat is a most important food crop worldwide. Wheat is reported to be susceptible to a variety of fungi, which could induce huge economic losses and the contamination of potential mycotoxins could bring serious toxic effects. In this work, UV-C irradiation treatment on Fusarium infected wheat seeds during germination was investigated.

Cathelicidin peptide LL-37: A multifunctional peptide involved in heart disease.

Heart disease is a common human disease with high morbidity and mortality. Timely and effective prevention and treatment is an urgent clinical problem. The pathogenesis of heart disease is complex and diverse, involving hypertension, diabetes, atherosclerosis, drug toxicity, thrombosis, infection and other aspects.

Prediction of perovskite oxygen vacancies for oxygen electrocatalysis at different temperatures.

Efficient catalysts are imperative to accelerate the slow oxygen reaction kinetics for the development of emerging electrochemical energy systems ranging from room-temperature alkaline water electrolysis to high-temperature ceramic fuel cells. In this work, we reveal the role of cationic inductive interactions in predetermining the oxygen vacancy concentrations of 235 cobalt-based and 200 iron-based perovskite catalysts at different temperatures, and this trend can be well predicted from machine learning techniques based on the cationic lattice environment, requiring no heavy computational and experimental inputs. Our results further show that the catalytic activity of the perovskites is strongly correlated with their oxygen vacancy concentration and operating temperatures.