Seawater Electrolysis Sustained via the Permselective Layer on Catalysts.

Seawater electrolysis is a sustainable strategy to produce green hydrogen but necessitates robust anodes capable of resisting chlorine corrosion and side reactions. Here, we design the conformal phosphate coating on nickel-iron molybdate microrods as an ion-selective permeable layer to sustain alkaline seawater oxidation against chlorine attack even at ampere-level high current densities. Insights into the chemical microenvironment shed light on the roles of surface phosphates both in repelling chloride ions and facilitating hydroxyl diffusion to sustain the high-flux oxygen evolution reaction.

Clinical Effect of Treatment with Metformin for Type 2 Diabetes on Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Undergoing Immunotherapy: A Retrospective Study.

Purpose: To further identify the clinical impact of metformin on the prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with type 2 diabetes who received immunotherapy.

Methods: Stage IV NSCLC patients with type 2 diabetes receiving the immunotherapy from 2017 to 2021 were retrospectively enrolled and divided into the metformin group or non-metformin group according to the treatment strategy for type 2 diabetes (metformin vs other hypoglycemic medicines). The overall response rate (ORR) was primary endpoint, and overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and disease control rate (DCR) were secondary endpoints.

Boosting oxygen evolution reaction by FeNi hydroxide-organic framework electrocatalyst toward alkaline water electrolyzer.

The oxygen evolution reaction plays a vital role in modern energy conversion and storage, and developing cost-efficient oxygen evolution reaction catalysts with industrially relevant activity and durability is highly desired but still challenging. Here, we report an efficient and durable FeNi hydroxide organic framework nanosheet array catalyst that competently affords long-term oxygen evolution reaction at industrial-grade current densities in alkaline electrolyte. The desirable high-intensity performance is attributed to three aspects as follows.

MXene-mediated reconfiguration induces robust nickel-iron catalysts for industrial-grade water oxidation.

Nickel-iron oxy/hydroxides (NiFeOH) emerge as an attractive type of electrocatalysts for alkaline water oxidation reaction (WOR), but which encounter a huge challenge in stability, especially at industrial-grade large current density due to uncontrollable Fe leakage. Here, we tailor the Fe coordination by a MXene-mediated reconfiguration strategy for the resultant NiFeOH catalyst to alleviate Fe leakage and thus reinforce the WOR stability. The introduction of ultrafine MXene with surface dangling bonds in the electrochemical reconfiguration over Ni-Fe Prussian blue analogue induces the covalent hybridization of NiFeOH/MXene, which not only accelerates WOR kinetics but also improves Fe oxidation resistance against segregation.

Adsorption and sensing performance of air pollutants on a β-TeO monolayer: a first-principles study.

Two-dimensional (2D) β-TeO is a novel semiconductor with potential applications in electronic circuits due to its air-stability and ultra-high carrier mobility. In this study, we explore the possibility of using a 2D β-TeO monolayer for the detection of gaseous pollutants including SO, NO, HS, CO, CO, and NH gas molecules based on first-principles calculations. The adsorption properties including the adsorption energy, adsorption distance and charge transfer indicate that the interaction between 2D β-TeO and the six gases is a physisorption mechanism.

Micropapillary or solid component predicts worse prognosis in pathological IA stage lung adenocarcinoma: A meta-analysis.

Background: Micropapillary and solid patterns indicate worse survival in lung adenocarcinoma patients, even in pathological stage IB patients. However, whether the presence of micropapillary or solid components is related to worse prognosis in pathological IA stage lung adenocarcinoma remains unclear.

Methods: Several databases were searched up to December 31, 2022 for relevant studies investigating the association between micropapillary and solid components and the survival of IA stage lung adenocarcinoma patients.

Enhanced Charge Separation in Nanoporous BiVO4 by External Electron Transport Layer Boosts Solar Water Splitting.

The optimization of charge transport with electron-hole separation directed toward specific redox reactions is a crucial mission for artificial photosynthesis. Bismuth vanadate (BiVO , BVO) is a popular photoanode material for solar water splitting, but it faces tricky challenges in poor charge separation due to its modest charge transport properties. Here, a concept of the external electron transport layer (ETL) is first proposed and demonstrated its effectiveness in suppressing the charge recombination both in bulk and at surface.

Orderly Nanodendritic Nickel Substitute for Raney Nickel Catalyst Improving Alkali Water Electrolyzer.

The development of nonprecious metal catalysts to meet the activity-stability balance at industrial-grade large current densities remains a challenge toward practical alkali-water electrolysis. Here, this work develops an orderly nanodendritic nickel (ND-Ni) catalyst that consists of ultrafine nanograins in chain-like conformation, which shows both excellent activity and robust stability for large current density hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline media, superior to currently applied Raney nickel (R-Ni) catalyst in commercial alkali-water electrolyzer (AWE). The ND-Ni catalyst featured by a three-dimensional (3D) interconnecting microporous structure endows with high specific surface area and excellent conductivity and hydrophilicity, which together afford superior charge/mass transport favorable to HER kinetics at high current densities.

Iron-Locked Hydr(oxy)oxide Catalysts via Ion-Compensatory Reconstruction Boost Large-Current-Density Water Oxidation.

Nickel-iron based hydr(oxy)oxides have been well recognized as one of the best oxygen-evolving catalysts in alkaline water electrolysis. A crucial problem, however, is that iron leakage during prolonged operation would lead to the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) deactivation over time, especially under large current densities. Here, the NiFe-based Prussian blue analogue (PBA) is designed as a structure-flexible precursor for navigating an electrochemical self-reconstruction (ECSR) with Fe cation compensation to fabricate a highly active hydr(oxy)oxide (NiFeO H ) catalyst stabilized with NiFe synergic active sites.

Orbital Modulation with P Doping Improves Acid and Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction of MoS.

There has been great interest in developing and designing economical, stable and highly active electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) via water splitting in an aqueous solution at different pH values. Transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), e.g.

3d Transition metal doping induced charge rearrangement and transfer to enhance overall water-splitting on NiS (101) facet: a first-principles calculation study.

Cost-efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts with good stability and high activity are in great demand to replace noble-metal-based catalysts for overall water-splitting. NiS has been considered a suitable electrocatalyst for either the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) or the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) owing to its good conductivity and stability, but high performance remains a challenge. Based on density functional theory calculations, we propose a practical 3d-transition-metal (TM = Mn, Fe and Co) doping to enhance the catalytic performance for both HER and OER on the NiS (101) facet.

Metformin Synergizes with PD-L1 Monoclonal Antibody Enhancing Tumor Immune Response in Treating Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Its Molecular Mechanism Investigation.

Despite non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment is proved to be effective using PD-L1 monoclonal antibody (PD-L1 MAb), it is commonly seen in immune-related adverse events reported. We aimed to explore metformin synergized with PD-L1 MAb in treating NSCLC and its potential molecular mechanism. In mice, the transplantable lung cancer models were established and a co-culture system of CD8+T cells and LLC cells was constructed.

Chameleon-Like Reconstruction on Redox Catalysts Adaptive to Alkali Water Electrolysis.

Pre-catalyst reconstruction in electrochemical processes has recently attracted intensive attention with mechanistic potentials to uncover really active species and catalytic mechanisms and advance targeted catalyst designs. Here, nickel-molybdenum oxysulfide is deliberately fabricated as pre-catalyst to present a comprehensive study on reconstruction dynamics for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkali water electrolysis. Operando Raman spectroscopy together with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electron microscopy capture dynamic reconstruction including geometric, component and phase evolutions, revealing a chameleon-like reconstruction self-adaptive to OER and HER demands under oxidative and reductive conditions, respectively.

The mechanism of enhanced photocatalytic activity for water-splitting of ReS by strain and electric field engineering.

To enhance the photocatalytic water splitting performance of 2D ReS, we theoretically propose a feasible strategy to engineer its band structure by applying strain or an electric field. Our calculated results show that the strains greatly tune the electronic structure of ReS especially band gap and band edge positions, because the strains significantly alter the crystal structure and then cause rearrangement of the surface charge. However, electric fields have little influence on band gap but obviously affect the band edge positions.

Enhancing the photocatalytic hydrogen production activity of BiVO [110] facets using oxygen vacancies.

The activity of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) during photoelectrochemical (PEC) water-splitting is limited when using BiVO with an exposed [110] facet because the conduction band minimum is below the H/HO potential. Here, we enhance the photocatalytic hydrogen production activity through introducing an oxygen vacancy. Our first-principles calculations show that the oxygen vacancy can tune the band edge positions of the [110] facet, originating from an induced internal electric field related to geometry distortion and charge rearrangement.

Pronounced Linewidth Narrowing of Vertical Metallic Split-Ring Resonators via Strong Coupling with Metal Surface.

We theoretically study the plasmonic coupling between magnetic plasmon resonances (MPRs) and propagating surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) in a three-dimensional (3D) metamaterial consisting of vertical Au split-ring resonators (VSRRs) array on Au substrate. By placing the VSRRs directly onto the Au substrate to remove the dielectric substrates effect, the interaction between MPRs of VSRRs and the SPP mode on the Au substrate can generate an ultranarrow-band hybrid mode with full width at half maximum () of 2.2 nm and significantly enhanced magnetic fields, compared to that of VSRRs on dielectric substrates.

Engineering Self-Reconstruction via Flexible Components in Layered Double Hydroxides for Superior-Evolving Performance.

Most transition metal-based catalysts for electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) undergo surface reconstruction to generate real active sites favorable for high OER performance. Herein, how to use self-reconstruction as an efficient strategy to develop novel and robust OER catalysts by designing pre-catalysts with flexible components susceptible to OER conditions is proposed. The NiFe-based layered double hydroxides (LDHs) intercalated with resoluble molybdate (MoO ) anions in interlayers are constructed and then demonstrated to achieve complete electrochemical self-reconstruction (ECSR) into active NiFe-oxyhydroxides (NiFeOOH) beneficial to alkaline OER.

The interactions between spin wave and stacked domain walls.

In this study, the interactions between spin wave (SW) and stacked domain walls in a magnetic nanostrip are investigated via micromagnetic simulation. It is found that under the excitation of SW, the metastable TWVW structure consisting of a transverse wall (TW) and a vortex wall (VW) may transform into a 360° wall or may completely annihilate depending on the frequency and amplitude of the SW. In contrast, stacked TWs (STWs) structure shows good robustness.

The origin of spin wave pulse-induced domain wall inertia.

The fundamental problem of domain wall (DW) inertia-the property that gives to inertial behaviors remains unclear in the physics of magnetic solitons. To understand its nature as well as to achieve accurate DW positioning and efficient manipulation of domain wall motion (DWM), spin wave (SW) pulse-induced DW transient effect is studied both numerically and theoretically in a magnetic nanostrip. It is shown for the first time that there occurs inevitable deceleration/automotion after SW pulse, which indicates nonzero DW inertia.

Functionalization of two-dimensional 1T'-ReS with surface ligands for use as a photocatalyst in the hydrogen evolution reaction: a first-principles calculation study.

Density functional theory calculations were performed to tune the band edge positions of two-dimensional 1T'-ReS2 by functionalization with surface ligands. A shift in the band edge was caused by the intrinsic dipole of the ligand and the induced dipole at the ligand/ReS2 interface. The upward shift in the band edge was tuned over a large range by choosing suitable polar ligands, controlling the surface coverage by the ligand, functionalizing the ligand and building heterostructures.

Transition metal doping activated basal-plane catalytic activity of two-dimensional 1T'-ReS for hydrogen evolution reaction: a first-principles calculation study.

The two-dimensional 1T' phase of ReS2 has a unique structure and its electronic properties are independent of its thickness. These features distinguish ReS2 from other two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) used as catalysts in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and suggest that it may be a suitable alternative catalyst to the expensive Pt most commonly in this reaction. Similar to traditional TMDCs, the catalytic activity of ReS2 is mainly contributed by the edge sites, whereas the basal plane, which accounts for a large percentage of the surface area, has poor catalytic activity.

Direct imaging of the interaction between spin wave and transverse wall in magnetic nanostrip.

By micromagnetic simulations, the dynamical interaction between spin wave (SW) and a transverse wall (TW) in a magnetic nanostrip is studied. We find the dynamical interaction can be directly demonstrated by SW-induced TW oscillation, which can be obtained by calculating the total magnetic moment within the area of TW as a function of time. Two cases of the initial TW, in equilibrium state and in metastable state, are investigated and compared.

Integrating Semiconducting Catalyst of ReS Nanosheets into P-Silicon Photocathode for Enhanced Solar Water Reduction.

Loading electrocatalysts at the semiconductor-electrolyte interface is one of the promising strategies to develop photoelectrochemical water splitting cells. However, the assembly of compatible and synergistic heterojunction between the semiconductor and the selected catalyst remains challenging. Here, we report a hierarchical p-type silicon (p-Si)/ReS heterojunction photocathode fabricated through the uniform growth of vertically standing ReS nanosheets (NSs) on a planar p-Si substrate for the solar-driven hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).

Steering Photoelectrons Excited in Carbon Dots into Platinum Cluster Catalyst for Solar-Driven Hydrogen Production.

In composite photosynthetic systems, one most primary promise is to pursue the effect coupling among light harvesting, charge transfer, and catalytic kinetics. Herein, this study designs the reduced carbon dots (r-CDs) as both photon harvesters and photoelectron donors in combination with the platinum (Pt) clusters and fabricated the function-integrated r-CD/Pt photocatalyst through a photochemical route to control the anchoring of Pt clusters on r-CDs' surface for solar-driven hydrogen (H) generation. In the obtained r-CD/Pt composite, the r-CDs absorb solar photons and transform them into energetic electrons, which transfer to the Pt clusters with favorable charge separation for H evolution reaction (HER).