Adult hippocampal neurogenesis: New avenues for treatment of brain disorders.

Neurogenesis, the biological process of forming new neurons, was traditionally believed to occur only during embryonic stages in the mammalian central nervous system for a long time. Over the past few decades, due to the development of new techniques and the accumulation of supportive evidence, adult neurogenesis is now accepted as the one of the most robust forms of plasticity in the adult brain, which contributes to physiological function as well as a range of neurological or psychiatric disorders. In this review, we mainly concentrate on adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus, the most likely neurogenic niche with significant roles in various brain functions.

Worldwide hotspots and trends in stem cell therapy for kidney disease in the last decade: a bibliometric and visualization analysis from 2015 to 2024.

Background: Kidney disease represents a significant global health concern. Stem cell therapy has gained attention as a potential solution for chronic kidney disease, acute kidney injury, and end-stage renal disease. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the status of stem cell therapy for kidney disease through a systematic review of the literature.

Multifunctional NIR-Triggered Nanozyme-Based Microneedles for Synergistic Eradication of MRSA and Enhanced Wound Healing.

Antibacterial drug delivery for Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-infected wounds faces challenges in reducing oxidative stress, reprogramming the inflammatory microenvironment, and promoting angiogenesis. Herein, a multifunctional near-infrared (NIR) laser-induced nanozymes (CTB) by integrating nitric oxide (NO)-prodrug (BNN6) into a phenolic network of Cu2+-tannic acid. The CTB nanozymes effectively eradicate MRSA through the synergistic effect of NIR-triggered NO release and NIR-induced local hyperthermia.

Synergistic moxifloxacin detection: AgNPs/GO electrochemical immunosensor with oriented antibody immobilization.

Moxifloxacin (MXF), a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic, is widely used in human and veterinary medicine. However, its overuse leads to environmental residues and antimicrobial resistance, posing significant health risks. Herein, a label-free electrochemical immunosensor was developed for ultrasensitive MXF detection using silver nanoparticle-graphene oxide nanocomposites (AgNPs/GO).

The impact of surgeons' experience and practice on postoperative cervical collar use after single-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: a cross-sectional survey in Heilongjiang province, China.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the preferences of spine surgeons in Heilongjiang Province regarding the duration of cervical collar use after single-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) and to identify the factors influencing these preferences.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Heilongjiang Province from August 4 to August 11, 2024. A convenience sampling method was employed to survey 96 spine surgeons via an online questionnaire.

Driving innovation: When design collaboration becomes open source, how do reward mechanisms and in-process feedback act as catalysts.

Open innovation, prevalent in projects like design crowdsourcing, is widely acknowledged for its role in advancing technology through knowledge flow. However, the competitive nature of design teams often keeps core knowledge confidential, hindering collaboration in the field. Open-source ideation in software facilitates resource sharing, which has been demonstrated to overcome information barriers, fostering intellectual progress and driving remarkable outcomes.

4-Octyl itaconate alleviates endothelial cell inflammation and barrier dysfunction in LPS-induced sepsis via modulating TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB signaling : 4-Octyl itaconate alleviates endothelial dysfunction.

Aim: Sepsis-induced vascular injury is a major contributor to the high mortality rate of sepsis. However, effective treatments remain elusive due to limited knowledge regarding the underlying molecular mechanisms. Itaconic acid, an endogenous metabolite, involved in multiple inflammatory diseases, but its role in sepsis-induced vascular injury remains unclear.

Uncovering the effects of ATBC plasticizers on intracerebral hemorrhage outcomes based on network toxicology and in vitro and in vivo experimental validation.

In recent years, the incidence of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has been increasing steadily. Environmental factors, such as plastic usage and chemical exposure, have been implicated in exacerbating cerebrovascular disease outcomes, including ICH. Acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC), a non-phthalate plasticizer, is commonly used in food packaging, medical devices, and children's toys.

Gold nanoparticles: diagnostic and therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative disorders.

Neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs), including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and prion diseases, pose a significant and escalating health challenge in the context of an ageing population. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have emerged as promising agents in the diagnostic and therapeutic realms of NDDs, due to their unique ability to enhance drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This paper presents a comprehensive review of the application of GNPs in the context of NDDs diagnosis and therapy, highlighting their potential to transform patient management.

Disrupting Cdc42 activation-driven filopodia formation with low-intensity ultrasound and microbubbles: A novel strategy to block ovarian cancer metastasis.

Metastasis is a primary cause of mortality and treatment failure in ovarian cancer, with limited effective therapeutic strategies. Low-intensity ultrasound (LIUS) and microbubbles (MBs) has been demonstrated as an adjunctive technique capable of enhancing drug delivery and suppressing tumor metastasis. However, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood.

The transcription factor GmbZIP131 enhances soybean salt tolerance by regulating flavonoid biosynthesis.

Detoxifying reactive oxygen species (ROS) that accumulate under saline conditions is crucial for plant salt tolerance. The salt overly sensitive (SOS) pathway functions upstream, while flavonoids act downstream, in ROS scavenging under salt stress. However, the potential crosstalk between the SOS pathway and flavonoids in regulating salt stress responses and the associated mechanisms remain largely unexplored.

Secretagogin Is Highly Expressed in Enteroendocrine K Cells and Plays a Critical Role in Nutrient-Induced GIP Secretion.

Context: Incretin hormones, primarily composed of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), are secreted by enteroendocrine cells (EECs) and play crucial roles in maintaining blood glucose homeostasis. Notably, GIP accounts for two-thirds of the entire incretin effect. However, the secretion and function of GIP are impaired in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and the regulatory mechanisms governing GIP secretion remain unclear.

The role and mechanism of P2X7R in cirrhotic cardiomyopathy.

In the context of liver cirrhosis, the incidence of myocardial inflammation and apoptosis escalates, contributing to the development and progression of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy. The P2X7 receptor, a purinergic receptor linked to inflammatory processes, has been identified in the etiology of a range of autoinflammatory, autoimmune, chronic inflammatory, and metabolic disorders. Despite this, the specific role of the P2X7 receptor in the etiology of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy remains to be elucidated.

Visualizing ER-phagy and ER architecture in vivo.

ER-phagy is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis. However, significant gaps persist in our understanding of how ER-phagy and the ER network vary across cell subtypes, tissues, and organs. Furthermore, the pathophysiological relevance of ER-phagy remains poorly elucidated.

Comparative analysis of semaglutide induced adverse reactions: Insights from FAERS database and social media reviews with a focus on oral vs subcutaneous administration.

Background: Compared to alternative weight-loss strategies and medications, semaglutide stands out for its convenience and efficacy, resulting in a significant increase in prescriptions and raising public safety concerns. Furthermore, the safety profiles of its oral and subcutaneous formulations require further examination.

Objective: Our goal is to investigate the potential safety risks associated with semaglutide by analyzing data from the FAERS database and social media.

Dicarbofunctionalization of Vinylarenes with Pyridine and Aldehydes via Photocatalytic Hydrogen Atom Transfer.

We describe a metal-free and mild three-component reaction utilizing vinylarenes, alkyl aldehydes, and 4-cyanopyridine. In this reaction, the scope of vinylarenes and alkyl aldehydes includes over 40 examples, generating a variety of β-pyridinyl ketones. Moreover, potential applications of this method have been demonstrated by the functionalization of pharmaceutical molecules.

Combination of transcriptome and Mendelian inheritance reveals novel prognostic biomarker of CTLA-4-related lncRNAs and protective role of nitrogen metabolism pathway in lung adenocarcinoma development.

Objective: Since in the cancer setting, tumor cells may use cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) to evade the immune system. This study aimed to identify CTLA-4-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and assess their roles in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) development.

Methods: Clinical and genomic data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), MSigDB and Gene Weaver.

The downregulation of SCGN induced by lipotoxicity promotes NLRP3-mediated β-cell pyroptosis.

Lipotoxicity is a well-established phenomenon that could exacerbate damage to islet β-cells and play a significant role in the development of type 2 diabetes, the underlying mechanisms of which, however, remain unclear. In lipotoxic conditions, secretagogin (SCGN), an EF-hand calcium-binding protein abundantly expressed in islets, is found to undergo downregulation. In light of this, we aim to explore the role of SCGN in lipotoxicity-induced β-cell injury.

Urinary metabolomic profiles uncover metabolic pathways in children with asthma.

Objective: The prevalence of asthma has gradually increased worldwide in recent years, which has made asthma a global public health problem. However, due to its complexity and heterogeneity, there are a few academic debates on the pathogenic mechanism of asthma. The study of the pathogenesis of asthma through metabolomics has become a new research direction.

[Spatio-temporal Variation in NEP in Ecological Zoning on the Loess Plateau and Its Driving Factors from 2000 to 2021].

Net ecosystem productivity (NEP) is an important index for the quantitative evaluation of carbon sources and sinks in terrestrial ecosystems. Based on MOD17A3 and meteorological data, the vegetation NEP was estimated from 2000 to 2021 in the Loess Plateau (LP) and its six ecological subregions of the LP (loess sorghum gully subregions:A1, A2; loess hilly and gully subregions:B1, B2; sandy land and agricultural irrigation subregion:C; and earth-rock mountain and river valley plain subregion:D). Combined with the terrain, remote sensing, and human activity data, Theil-Sen Median trend analysis, correlation analysis, multiple regression residual analysis, and geographic detector were used, respectively, to explore the spatio-temporal characteristics of NEP and its response mechanism to climate, terrain, and human activity.

DPM2 serve as novel oncogene and prognostic marker transactivated by ESR1 in breast cancer.

Breast cancer (BRCA) is the most common malignancies worldwide with increasing rate. Dolichol phosphate mannose synthase (DPMS) is a critical mannosyltransferase involved in the posttranslational modification of proteins. At present, there is limited knowledge regarding the function of DPMS in breast cancer.

Multilevel chitosan-gelatin particles loaded with P4HA1 siRNA suppress glioma development.

It has been reported that prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha 1 (P4HA1) promoted tumor growth and metastasis of glioma; thus, targeting P4HA1 may be a promising therapeutic strategy against glioma. In consideration of the instability of siRNA in vivo, the chitosan-gelatin microspheres loaded with P4HA1 siRNA (P4HA1 siRNA@CGM) were employed. Firstly, the gel electrophoresis and hemolytic test were performed to assess the stability and blood compatibility of P4HA1 siRNA@CGM.

Neuronal activity and remyelination: new insights into the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic advancements.

This article reviews the role of neuronal activity in myelin regeneration and the related neural signaling pathways. The article points out that neuronal activity can stimulate the formation and regeneration of myelin, significantly improve its conduction speed and neural signal processing ability, maintain axonal integrity, and support axonal nutrition. However, myelin damage is common in various clinical diseases such as multiple sclerosis, stroke, dementia, and schizophrenia.