Phytosphingosine Alleviates Cigarette Smoke-Induced Bronchial Epithelial Cell Senescence in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease by Targeting the Free Fatty Acid Receptor 4.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex and irreversible respiratory disorder with a poor prognosis and a lack of effective pharmaceutical treatment. Our previous metabolomics study identified phytosphingosine (PHS) as a key differential metabolite in COPD that is positively correlated with lung function. In this study, we investigated the bioactive effects of PHS on experimental COPD and its underlying mechanisms using cigarette smoke (CS)-induced mouse and cell models.

CpG-mediated TLR9 signaling pathway enhances the efficacy of the OprF/PcrV DNA vaccine with cGAS-STING-activating properties.

Aims: This study aimed to overcome the limited protective efficacy of the bivalent DNA vaccine (DNA-OprF/PcrV) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) infection by developing a complexed adjuvant strategy to enhance immunogenicity and protection, providing a novel clinical candidate vaccine.

Materials And Methods: We formulated a bivalent DNA vaccine encoding PA antigens OprF and PcrV (DNA-OprF/PcrV) complexed with the TLR9 agonist CpG adjuvant (DNA-OprF/PcrV + CpG). In vitro mechanistic studies assessed synergistic pathway activation and dendritic cell maturation, while murine models evaluated humoral immunity (antibody titers), cellular immunity (Th1/CTL responses), and protective efficacy via pulmonary infection models with bacterial burden quantification and inflammation analysis.

Nitrogen-Fixing Bacterium GXGL-4A Promotes the Growth of Cucumber Plant Under Nitrogen Stress by Altering the Rhizosphere Microbial Structure.

The rhizosphere microbiome plays an important role in carbon- and nitrogen-cycling in soil and in the stress response of plants. It also affects the function of the ammonium transporter (AmtB) that senses nitrogen levels inside and outside the cells of the associative nitrogen-fixing bacterium GXGL-4A. However, the potential mechanism of the interaction between the AmtB deletion mutant of GXGL-4A (∆B) and microorganisms in the rhizosphere of plants under low-nitrogen stress is still unclear.

Modulation mechanism of dextran-mediated glycation on soy protein isolate-quercetin interaction: a spectroscopic and molecular docking study.

This study systematically investigated the interaction mechanisms between glycated soybean protein isolate (GSPI) formed from soy protein isolate (SPI) and dextran (DEX) via Maillard reaction, and quercetin (Que), employing multi-spectroscopic analysis and molecular docking simulation. The results indicated that hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces dominated the non-covalent binding between GSPI and Que, with the Maillard reaction further enhancing hydrogen bonding interaction. This enhancement was substantiated through molecular docking simulations, which revealed short hydrogen bonds (< 3.

Food Choice Decision-Making Profiles and Health Outcomes in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes and Overweight/Obesity: A Cluster Analysis.

PurposeTo identify food decision-making profiles for adults with T2DM and overweight/obesity based on nutritional health and decision process, and to explore differences in health outcomes among profiles.DesignCross-sectional.SettingPrimary healthcare settings.

Tumour extracellular vesicle surface Protein-mRNA integration assay for early detection of epithelial ovarian cancer.

Background: Early detection of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is crucial for improving clinical outcomes. However, the sensitivity of primary serological marker cancer antigen 125 (CA125) is suboptimal for detecting early-stage EOC. Tumour-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising biomarkers for early cancer detection.

Enhanced Reality in Assessing Antibiotic Risks in Water: Bacterial Resistance Insight from the Microflora-Microcosm-Modeling Framework.

In addition to direct ecological effects, antibiotic residuals in the environment contribute to the development of antibiotic resistance, which is not addressed by traditional ecological risk assessment frameworks such as the persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity (P-B-T) criteria. Here, we propose a novel 3M (microflora-microcosm-modeling) framework to assess the risk of antibiotics in promoting bacterial resistance within bacterial flora. Results reveal that aquatic microflora in water environments harbor unexpectedly high antibiotic resistance levels, comparable to clinical settings, despite ambient antibiotic concentrations being orders of magnitude lower, which underscores the rationale for using bacterial resistance as a key indicator in antibiotic risk assessments.

Sodium alginate-mediated interfacial structuring in soy protein-quercetin composite emulsions: A synergistic strategy for encapsulation and bioavailability enhancement of lipophilic bioactives.

This study explored the mechanisms by which sodium alginate (SA) improved the stability and release efficiency of lutein (Lut) encapsulated in binary complexes of soybean protein isolate (SPI) and quercetin (Que). The addition of SA increased the fluorescence intensity of the interfacial protein, resulting in increased β-turn (22.94 %) and random coil contents (27.

Tumor-resident probiotic Clostridium butyricum improves aPD-1 efficacy in colorectal cancer models by inhibiting IL-6-mediated immunosuppression.

Most colorectal cancer (CRC) patients do not respond to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. Here, we identify Clostridium butyricum as a probiotic that boosts anti-PD-1 efficacy in CRC. In orthotopic allografts of microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) and microsatellite stable (MSS) CRC, C.

Arylsulfatase K attenuates airway epithelial cell senescence in COPD by regulating parkin-mediated mitophagy.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous lung condition characterized by irreversible airflow limitation, primarily due to cigarette smoke (CS) exposure. Emerging research underscores the pivotal role of cellular senescence in the pathogenesis of COPD. The arylsulfatase family, known for its involvement in various age-related diseases, has yet to be investigated in the context of COPD.

A Comparative Study of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Various Sources in Endometrial Repair: the Significant Advantages of Decidual Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

Background: Endometrial injury, particularly intrauterine adhesions (Asherman's syndrome), significantly compromises female fertility. Current treatments, including hysteroscopic surgery, intrauterine barriers, and oral estrogen, have limited efficacy, with postoperative pregnancy rates of 22.2-33.

Sidt2 inhibits islet β-cell dedifferentiation by regulating insulin secretion.

β-cell dedifferentiation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). SID1 transmembrane family member 2 (Sidt2) is a lysosomal membrane protein known to regulate hepatic steatosis and lipid metabolism. However, its role in pancreatic β-cell dedifferentiation remains unclear.

Novel tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase-targeted ruthenium(ii)-indole complex activates immunotherapy and .

Immunotherapy targeting immune checkpoints has emerged as a promising strategy in cancer treatment; however, the heterogeneous and dynamic tumor microenvironment (TME) imposes critical constraints on therapeutic outcomes. Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO), often dysregulated in malignant tissues, plays a pivotal role in shaping an immunosuppressive milieu by depleting tryptophan, thereby hindering anti-tumor immune response. To counteract this immune evasion mechanism, we designed a novel indole-coordinated ruthenium(ii) arene complex (In-Ru), aimed at bolstering tumor immunotherapy and thwarting immune evasion by targeting TDO expression.

A Meta-Learning Approach for Multicenter and Small-Data Single-Cell Image Analysis.

The application of algorithm-based single-cell imaging techniques can visualize and analyze cellular heterogeneity. However, algorithm-based single-cell imaging techniques are severely limited by the high workload required to label single-cell images and the high variation of cells from different sources. Herein, we propose a meta-learning approach for multicenter and small-data single-cell image analysis.

Fucoidan as a therapeutic agent for ulcerative colitis: mechanisms of action and modulation of the gut microbiota.

Ulcerative colitis (UC), a chronic inflammatory bowel disease driven by gut dysbiosis, immune dysregulation, and oxidative stress, lacks universally effective therapies. Fucoidan (FCD), a sulfated polysaccharide derived from brown algae, has emerged as a multifaceted therapeutic candidate due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties. This review synthesizes FCD's mechanisms in UC pathogenesis, emphasizing its suppression of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways to reduce proinflammatory cytokines (e.

Recent Progress of Stereolithography-Based Additive Manufactured Electrodes for Supercapacitors: Materials, Structures, Performance, and Perspectives.

Stereolithography-based additive manufacturing techniques, leveraging their superior capability for high-precision fabrication of 3D structures with well-defined periodicity and complex geometries, have unlocked unprecedented opportunities in constructing architecturally engineered 3D electrodes for advanced supercapacitors. Over the past few years, a series of groundbreaking achievements in stereolithography-based additive manufactured 3D structural electrodes have been successively reported, fostering a comprehensive understanding of recent advances and a strategic re-evaluation of future research direction. In this review, the latest representative progress in stereolithography-based additive manufactured electrodes for supercapacitors, covering ceramic-based electrodes, carbon-based electrodes, resin-based electrodes, and carbon-ceramic-based electrodes, is first summarized.

Synergistic and Antagonistic Mechanisms of L. Polyphenols on Human Neutrophil Elastase Inhibition: Insights from Molecular Docking and Enzymatic Kinetics.

This study systematically investigated the inhibitory mechanism of L. polyphenols (ALP) against human neutrophil elastase (HNE). Molecular docking techniques were employed to predict the binding patterns and inhibition types between polyphenolic components and HNE, complemented by in vitro enzymatic tests to validate inhibitory efficacy.

Multi-omics reveals EGCG's anti-calcification effects associated with gut microbiota and metabolite remodeling.

Introduction: Vascular calcification, a pathological process driven by heterotopic calcium-phosphate deposition, arises from vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) osteochondrogenic transformation, epigenetic dysregulation, and metabolic reprogramming. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a natural polyphenol, is associated with attenuated vascular calcification and remodeling of the gut microbiota-metabolite axis.

Methods: Twenty-four 8-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into four groups: control (CON), vitamin D3-induced calcification (VD), VD plus EGCG (VD+EGCG), and EGCG-only (EGCG).

MTMR14 depletion aggravates intrapulmonary inflammation and emphysema in experimental COPD through activating macrophage M1 polarization.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is typically characterized by chronic airway inflammation and emphysema. Macrophage polarization plays an important role in COPD, while the precise molecules and mechanisms underpinning it have yet to be fully elucidated. Pulmonary decrease of myotubularin-related protein 14 (MTMR14) expression conduces to the progression of COPD in our prior publication, while the further analysis reveals the differential expression of MTMR14 in alveolar macrophages, whose function and related mechanisms are worth further research.

Cellular Identification of Single-Base Mutations in KRAS Gene Fragments Based on Nonhomologous Spectroscopic Data Fusion Modeling.

The sensitivity of KRAS gene mutation detection in colorectal cancer (CRC) can affect prognosis. This study established a nonhomologous spectroscopic data fusion method based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and laser tweezers Raman spectroscopy (LTRS), in order to analyze the metabolic characteristics of wild-type cells DKS-8 and HEK-3, and their respective mutant cells DLD-1 and HCT-116. Through multivariate statistical analysis, it was found that there were significant differences between mutant and wild-type cells.

Nano-FeO guided synthesis of an F,N-coordinated FeCo bimetallic catalyst H-mediated reductive pyrolysis for the oxygen reduction reaction.

To address the critical challenges of insufficient active site exposure, compromised stability, and sluggish mass transport kinetics in non-precious metal catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), a hierarchical FeCo bimetallic catalyst (FN/FeCoNC-H-700) was developed through synergistic engineering of ZIF-67 pyrolysis. This strategy integrates hydrogen-induced defect generation, F/N dual-heteroatom coordination, and temperature-controlled phase reconstruction. The introduction of hydrogen reduces FeO to generate highly dispersed Fe nanoparticles, which combine with Co and N to form a stable Co-Fe alloy and Fe-N active centers, concurrently enhancing the graphitization degree of the catalyst (/ = 0.

[Efficacy of Blinatumomab in the Treatment of Pediatric B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia].

Objective: To retrospectively analyze the clinical characteristics of 15 children with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) treated with blinatumomab, and summarize the efficacy and safety of blinatumomab in the treatment of pediatric B-ALL.

Methods: Fifteen children who received treatment with blinatumomab from February 2022 to January 2023 were enrolled in this study. One course (28 days) of blinatumomab concurrent with intrathecal chemotherapy was given according to the standard regimen, except for 2 cases who had shortened course of treatment due to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and did not receive combined intrathecal chemotherapy, and 1 case had a shortened course of treatment due to economic problems.

Comparative evaluation of extraction methods for fragrant semen Trichosanthis oil: Cold pressing, conventional solvent, subcritical -butane and supercritical CO.

The physicochemical properties, chemical compositions, antioxidant activities, and volatile profiles of fragrant Semen Trichosanthis oil (FSTO) extracted by cold pressing (CP), solvent extraction (SE), subcritical -butane extraction (SBE), and supercritical CO extraction (SPE) were systematically investigated. Unsaturated fatty acids predominated in the oils (89.57-92.

Respiratory bacterial and viral pathogen spectrum among influenza-positive and influenza-negative patients.

Background: Respiratory tract infections are a significant burden on public health worldwide, with influenza being a prominent viral infection. Although influenza is known to predispose individuals to secondary bacterial infections, the precise spectrum of respiratory pathogens in influenza-positive and negative-patients remains unclear. This study aims to gain insights into the pathogenesis, epidemiology, and clinical implications of co-infections, facilitating the development of preventive and targeted interventions.

Sequential Activation of N-OH and C-H to Yield a Square Metal-Organic Network Featuring Heterogeneous Nodes on Ag(100).

The incorporation of heterogeneous nodes can significantly enhance the catalytic and optoelectronic properties of metal-organic networks (MONs) because of the resulting uneven charge distribution and unique metal centers. On-surface synthesis (OSS) has emerged as a powerful strategy for constructing advanced MONs with heterogeneous metal-organic nodes. Herein, we report the fabrication of an MON featuring N-Ag-C heterogeneous nodes, achieved via thermally induced sequential N-OH and C-H activation on Ag(100).