Solar-Driven Atmospheric Water Production Through Hierarchically Ordered Porous Carbon for Self-Sustaining Green Hydrogen Production.

Green hydrogen production by proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) powered by clean energy is a promising and environmentally friendly technology. However, it relies on a high-purity water source, which is limited in regions facing water scarcity. Here, a coupled self-sustaining solar-enabled system is reported that couples atmospheric water harvesting with PEM water electrolysis (AWH-PEMWE), offering a novel pathway for clean water generation and green hydrogen production.

Evaluating the Early Operational Performance of the Endocrine Module in the Athlete Biological Passport.

In collaboration with various Anti-Doping Organisations and the Paris WADA-accredited laboratory, the International Testing Agency spearheaded the implementation of the Endocrine Module ahead of the Olympic Games Paris 2024. This article presents a data-driven evaluation of its early integration within Athlete Biological Passport (ABP) programmes. The assessment of endocrine profile testing follows the complete ABP sample lifecycle, from collection to the submission of reports by the Athlete Passport Management Unit.

Unravelling the threat of contamination in elite sports: Exploring diverse sources impacting adverse analytical findings and the risk of inadvertent exposure to prohibited substances.

In recent years, increasing concerns have emerged regarding athletes being exposed to various sources of contamination that could result in an adverse analytical finding (AAF), which is considered a positive doping test and may lead to the athlete's sanction. This review aims to examine the potential sources of contamination. Firstly, exogenous sources such as food, water, supplements, and medications will be described, along with endogenous sources, primarily arising from the athlete's physiological condition via the biotransformation of Medications.

Functional group resolved NMR relaxation of 3-carbon adsorbates in mesoporous alumina.

NMR relaxation analysis provides a unique and non-invasive probe of fluid dynamics within porous materials, and may be applied to the interpretation of a wide variety of material and interfacial characteristics. Here, we report two-dimensional H relaxation correlation measurements of a range of three-carbon adsorbates (1-propanol, 2-propanol and propanoic acid) imbibed within the mesoporous metal oxide gamma-alumina. Our data, acquired across field strengths of 2 MHz, 12.

NMR Surface Relaxivity in a Time-Dependent Porous System.

We demonstrate an unexpected decay-recovery behavior in the time-dependent ^{1}H NMR relaxation times of water confined within a hydrating porous material. Our observations are rationalized by considering the combined effects of decreasing material pore size and evolving interfacial chemistry, which facilitate a transition between surface-limited and diffusion-limited relaxation regimes. Such behavior necessitates the realization of temporally evolving surface relaxivity, highlighting potential caveats in the classical interpretation of NMR relaxation data obtained from complex porous systems.

Detection of honey adulteration using benchtop H NMR spectroscopy.

High magnetic field NMR spectroscopy featuring the use of superconducting magnets is a powerful analytical technique for the detection of honey adulteration. Such high field NMR systems are, however, typically housed in specialised laboratories, require cryogenic coolants, and necessitate specialist training to operate. Benchtop NMR spectrometers featuring permanent magnets are, by comparison, significantly cheaper, more mobile and can be operated with minimal expertise.

Regulation of epidermal proliferation and hair follicle cycling by synthetic photostable retinoid EC23.

Background: Retinoid signaling is an important regulator of the epidermis and skin appendages. Therefore, synthetic retinoids have been developed for therapeutic use for skin disorders such as psoriasis and acne.

Aims: In previous studies, we showed how the photostable retinoid EC23 induces neuronal differentiation in stem cell-like cell populations, and here, we aim to investigate its ability to influence epidermal and hair follicle growth.

The athletic characteristics of Olympic sports to assist anti-doping strategies.

The determinants of success in Olympic Games competition are specific to the athletic demands of the sporting event. A global evaluation to quantify the athletic demands across the spectrum of the Olympic Games sport events has not previously been conducted. Thus far, the interpretation and the comparison of sport physiological characteristics within anti-doping organisations (ADOs) risk assessments remains subjective without a standardised framework.

Low-Field NMR Relaxation Analysis of High-Pressure Ethane Adsorption in Mesoporous Silicas.

Understanding the behaviour of short-chain hydrocarbons confined to porous solids informs the targeted extraction of natural resources from geological features, and underpins rational developments in separation, storage and catalytic conversion processes. Herein, we report the application of low-field (12.7 MHz) H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation measurements to characterise ethane dynamics within mesoporous silica materials exhibiting mean pore diameters between 6 and 50 nm.

A Brewed Awakening: Neuropsychiatric Effects of Caffeine in Older Adults.

This article provides a current review of the literature examining caffeine use in older adults. Caffeine use is prevalent among older adults; thus, providers need to be aware of the prevalence and diagnostic criteria of caffeine use disorder versus nonproblematic use. The relationship between caffeine and various neuropsychiatric disorders, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, insomnia, and late-life depression, is reviewed.

Low-Field Functional Group Resolved Nuclear Spin Relaxation in Mesoporous Silica.

Solid-fluid interactions underpin the efficacy of functional porous materials across a diverse array of chemical reaction and separation processes. However, detailed characterization of interfacial phenomena within such systems is hampered by their optically opaque nature. Motivated by the need to bridge this capability gap, we report low-magnetic-field two-dimensional (2D) H nuclear spin relaxation measurements as a noninvasive probe of adsorbate identity and interfacial dynamics, exploring the relaxation characteristics exhibited by liquid hydrocarbon adsorbates confined to a model mesoporous silica.

Rotator cuff repair in HIV-positive patients ages 65 and older: only slight increase in risk of general postoperative surgical complications.

Purpose: To examine postoperative complications associated with rotator cuff repair (RCR) in HIV-positive patients ages 65 and older.

Methods: Data were collected from the Medicare Standardized Analytic Files between 2005 and 2015 using the PearlDiver Patient Records Database. Subjects were selected using Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) and International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes.

Nuclear spin relaxation as a probe of zeolite acidity: a combined NMR and TPD investigation of pyridine in HZSM-5.

The relative surface affinities of pyridine within microporous HZSM-5 zeolites are explored using two-dimensional H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation time measurements. The dimensionless ratio of longitudinal-to-transverse nuclear spin relaxation times T/T is shown to exhibit strong sensitivity to the silica/alumina ratio (SAR) of these zeolites, which is indicative of material acidity. This trend is interpreted in terms of increased pyridine surface affinity with decreasing SAR.

Increased number of deaths within 24 h of admission during a period of social restriction related to the COVID-19 pandemic: A retrospective service evaluation in a metropolitan palliative care unit.

Background: COVID-19 has led to implementation of wide-ranging social restriction measures with consequent impact on health care utilisation in many domains. There is little published data on the experience of palliative care services catering to a population with low case numbers of COVID-19.

Aim: This study aimed to consider the impact of COVID-19 on utilisation of inpatient palliative care in the context of low community transmission, and low numbers of cases in hospital.

Laser-induced transient magnons in SrIrO throughout the Brillouin zone.

Although ultrafast manipulation of magnetism holds great promise for new physical phenomena and applications, targeting specific states is held back by our limited understanding of how magnetic correlations evolve on ultrafast timescales. Using ultrafast resonant inelastic X-ray scattering we demonstrate that femtosecond laser pulses can excite transient magnons at large wavevectors in gapped antiferromagnets and that they persist for several picoseconds, which is opposite to what is observed in nearly gapless magnets. Our work suggests that materials with isotropic magnetic interactions are preferred to achieve rapid manipulation of magnetism.

Synthesis of SMT022357 enantiomers and evaluation in a Duchenne muscular dystrophy mouse model.

Following on from ezutromid, the first-in-class benzoxazole utrophin modulator that progressed to Phase 2 clinical trials for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, a new chemotype was designed to optimise its physicochemical and ADME profile. Herein we report the synthesis of SMT022357, a second generation utrophin modulator preclinical candidate, and an asymmetric synthesis of its constituent enantiomers. The pharmacological properties of both enantiomers were evaluated and .

2-Arylbenzo[]oxazole Phosphinate Esters as Second-Generation Modulators of Utrophin for the Treatment of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy.

Utrophin modulation is a promising therapeutic strategy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), which should be applicable to all patient populations. Following on from ezutromid, the first-generation utrophin modulator, we describe the development of a second generation of utrophin modulators, based on the bioisosteric replacement of the sulfone group with a phosphinate ester and substitution of the metabolically labile naphthalene with a haloaryl substituent. The improved physicochemical and absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties, further reflected in the enhanced pharmacokinetic profile of the most advanced compounds, and , led to significantly better exposure compared to ezutromid and alleviation of the dystrophic phenotype in mice.

Low-field NMR relaxation-exchange measurements for the study of gas admission in microporous solids.

Understanding the uptake and storage of gases by microporous materials is important for our future energy security. As such, we demonstrate here the application of two-dimensional NMR relaxation experiments for probing the admission and corresponding exchange dynamics of methane within microporous zeolites. Specifically, we report low-field (12.

Prevalence Estimate of Blood Doping in Elite Track and Field Athletes During Two Major International Events.

In elite sport, the Athlete Biological Passport (ABP) was invented to tackle cheaters by monitoring closely changes in biological parameters, flagging atypical variations. The hematological module of the ABP was indeed adopted in 2011 by World Athletics (WA). This study estimates the prevalence of blood doping based on hematological parameters in a large cohort of track and field athletes measured at two international major events (2011 and 2013 WA World Championships) with a hypothesized decrease in prevalence due to the ABP introduction.

Isolation, Structural Identification, Synthesis, and Pharmacological Profiling of 1,2--Dihydro-1,2-diol Metabolites of the Utrophin Modulator Ezutromid.

5-(Ethylsulfonyl)-2-(naphthalen-2-yl)benzo[]oxazole (ezutromid, ) is a first-in-class utrophin modulator that has been evaluated in a phase 2 clinical study for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Ezutromid was found to undergo hepatic oxidation of its 2-naphthyl substituent to produce two regioisomeric 1,2-dihydronaphthalene-1,2-diols, DHD1 and DHD3, as the major metabolites after oral administration in humans and rodents. In many patients, plasma levels of the DHD metabolites were found to exceed those of ezutromid.

Anomalies in the pseudogap phase of the cuprates: competing ground states and the role of umklapp scattering.

Over the past two decades, advances in computational algorithms have revealed a curious property of the two-dimensional Hubbard model (and related theories) with hole doping: the presence of close-in-energy competing ground states that display very different physical properties. On the one hand, there is a complicated state exhibiting intertwined spin, charge, and pair density wave orders. We call this 'type A'.

Nonthermal States Arising from Confinement in One and Two Dimensions.

We show that confinement in the quantum Ising model leads to nonthermal eigenstates, in both continuum and lattice theories, in both one (1D) and two dimensions (2D). In the ordered phase, the presence of a confining longitudinal field leads to a profound restructuring of the excitation spectrum, with the low-energy two-particle continuum being replaced by discrete "meson" modes (linearly confined pairs of domain walls). These modes exist far into the spectrum and are atypical, in the sense that expectation values in the state with energy E do not agree with the microcanonical (thermal) ensemble prediction.

Magnetism in iridate heterostructures leveraged by structural distortions.

Fundamental control of magnetic coupling through heterostructure morphology is a prerequisite for rational engineering of magnetic ground states. We report the tuning of magnetic interactions in superlattices composed of single and bilayers of SrIrO inter-spaced with SrTiO in analogy to the Ruddlesden-Popper series iridates. Magnetic scattering shows predominately c-axis antiferromagnetic orientation of the magnetic moments for the bilayer, as in SrIrO.

Standardization of reticulocyte counts in the athlete biological passport.

Introduction: The percentage of circulating reticulocytes (RET%) is a useful marker of blood doping in the context of the Athlete Biological Passport (ABP). The viability of the ABP depends on the comparability of sample data obtained across multiple laboratories for a given athlete. With the recent introduction of a different technology for the measurement of reticulocytes, the goal of this study was to compare currently employed Sysmex XT/XE analyzers to the recently introduced Sysmex XN analyzer.