Evaluating stapokibart in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis.

Seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) is a chronic inflammatory condition primarily mediated by type 2 immune responses, typically triggered by specific pollens. Stapokibart is a humanized monoclonal antibody anti-interleukin-4 receptor α subunit, thereby blocking IL-4 and IL-13 signaling pathways. Clinical studies of stapokibart in healthy adults and SAR patients revealed a favorable safety profile and significant clinical efficacy.

Mouse Models for Studying the Mechanisms and Therapeutic Effects of Allergic Airway Inflammation.

Allergic airway inflammation, including allergic rhinitis and asthma, is a disease characterized by IgE-mediated type I hypersensitivity reactions, with its pathophysiological features being the infiltration and proliferation of inflammatory cells in the airway mucosal epithelial cells. The complexity and heterogeneity of this inflammatory response, as well as the limitations of sampling from patients with allergic airway inflammation, have made animal models play a crucial role in studying the pathophysiological molecular pathways and treatment methods of allergic airway inflammation. Among the many animal models, mouse models are widely used for their diversity of genetic backgrounds, ease of experimental manipulation, and relevance to human diseases.

Specific Recognition of Cysteine in a Mixed-Valence Bimetallic Organic Framework with Unique Channel Properties.

We have successfully designed and synthesized a mixed-valence bimetallic metal-organic framework (MOF), denoted ZnCoBTCHx, featuring periodic tubular and sinuous channels along with active sites provided by the ligands. This MOF demonstrates exceptional colorimetric selectivity toward cysteine (Cys). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, solid-state C NMR, UV-Vis absorption spectra, electrochemical analysis, and density functional theory calculations complementarily validate the valence state switching of cobalt centers in ZnCoBTCHx, the host-guest interactions and significant electron transfer between Cys and the framework.

Advances in Ferroptosis in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases of the Upper and Lower Airways.

Background: The pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases in the upper and lower airways is common and mutually influential and should be managed systematically. Disorders of iron metabolism and redox homeostasis imbalance, which lead to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation, are considered key common characteristics linking ferroptosis to chronic inflammatory diseases of the upper and lower airways. Recognizing the mechanism of ferroptosis and how it contributes to chronic inflammatory diseases of the upper and lower airways enables a more comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of these conditions and offers novel avenues for therapeutic intervention.

The role of nasal cytology in the diagnosis and treatment of Allergic rhinitis.

Introduction: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common noninfectious chronic inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE). Currently, the diagnosis of AR mainly relies on a typical history of allergies, clinical symptoms and signs, skin prick tests, nasal provocation tests, and serum specific IgE detection. Nasal secretion cytology, as a method that directly reflects the inflammatory status in the nasal cavity, also plays a significant role in the diagnosis and treatment of AR.

Mapping HIV-1 RNA structure, homodimers, long-range interactions and persistent domains by HiCapR.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA genome organization remains a critical knowledge gap in understanding its replication cycle. To address this, we developed HiCapR, a psoralen crosslinking-based RNA proximity ligation method coupled with post-library hybridization, enabling high-resolution mapping of RNA-RNA interactions across the HIV-1 genome. This approach confirmed canonical structural motifs, including stem-loop architectures in the 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) and Rev Response Element (RRE), as well as dimerization sites within the 5'-UTR critical for viral packaging.

Strategies for climate-resilient global wind and solar power systems.

Climate change may amplify the frequency and severity of supply-demand mismatches in future power systems with high shares of wind and solar energy. Here we use a dispatch optimization model to assess potential increases in hourly costs associated with the climate-intensified gaps under fixed, high penetrations of wind and solar energy generation. We further explore various strategies to enhance system resilience in the face of future climate change.

Nasal-Specific Immunoglobulin E to Total Immunoglobulin E Ratio Mediates the Effect of Natural Pollen Exposure on Symptom Severity in Patients With Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis.

Daily pollen concentration was associated with symptom severity of SAR. Nasal sIgE showed a similar trend of variation with pollen concentrations. Nasal sIgE to tIgE ratio mediated the influence of pollen concertation on symptom severity.

From stem cells to skin: ADSCP6 peptide's role in transforming scar therapy.

Hypertrophic scars, caused by abnormal wound healing after injury, involve excessive fibroblast activity, ECM dysregulation, and inflammation. Bioactive peptides show antifibrotic potential. Based on our previous discovery of scar-modulating peptides from adipose-derived stem cells, this study reveals how ADSCP6 (Adipose-derived stem cell peptide 6) suppresses hypertrophic scarring.

Full consideration of the pollen exposure effect in clinical trial design for pollen-induced allergic rhinitis.

Introduction: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is global health concern with an increasing prevalence. Among them, pollen-induced AR (PIAR) exhibits more severe and intense symptoms, decreased quality of life, prominent local inflammation, and is thus more challenging to control. Due to the difficulties in disease control, in recent years, an increasing number of treatment methods, including pharmacotherapy, allergen-specific immunotherapy, and newly developed biologics, have focused on PIAR.

Gluconic acid alleviates hypertrophic scar formation through binding PLOD1, reducing p-AKT signaling and activating autophagy.

Background: Hypertrophic scarring represents a major clinical challenge worldwide, with current treatment strategies showing limited effectiveness. Gluconic acid (GLA), a naturally occurring glucose metabolite found in fruits, honey, kombucha tea, and wine, may provide new approach for scar treatment.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the anti-scarring properties of GLA and underlying molecular mechanisms.

Generation and characterization of a humanized GJB2 p.V37I knock-in mouse model for studying age-related hearing loss.

Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) has been closely linked to genetic factors, with studies identifying the p.V37I mutation in the GJB2 gene as a potential contributor to ARHL. To investigate this, we generated a humanized p.

Vascular endothelial growth factors in airway allergic diseases: pathophysiological functions and therapeutic prospects.

Introduction: Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) play a crucial role in regulating physiological angiogenesis and homeostasis during growth and development. Recent advancements in our knowledge of VEGFs have revealed their complex role in coordinating vascular homeostasis and pathological role in various airway allergic reactions and structural remodeling, especially in allergic asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR), which has become more apparent.

Areas Covered: After an extensive search of PubMed and Web of Science databases, our review covered articles published from 1989 to 2024.

Individual differences in response to dust-mite-allergen specific immunotherapy in allergic rhinitis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Introduction: The variability in the efficacy of allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) for nasal symptom control can be attributed to individual differences, to explore the hypothesis of systematic variability in AR symptom alleviation with AIT and to determine whether this variability correlates with AR severity, route of administration, treatment duration, age, or study publication year.

Methods: We reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of AIT for dust mite (DM)-induced AR, extracting data on baseline mean, endpoint mean, standard deviation (SD), and participant numbers. A random-slope mixed-effects model (RSMM) was employed to evaluate the differences in variability between the AIT and control groups, as well as to identify potential influencing factors.

Sequence Notes: Identification of Two New CRF01_AE/CRF07_BC Recombinants in Men Who Have Sex with Men Populations in Beijing, China.

Since HIV-1 is a retrovirus with a high mutation rate and recombination rate, the virus contains a variety of genotypes and recombinants. The men who have sex with men (MSM) population in Beijing has become the main group of HIV transmission, and the co-transmission of multiple HIV-1 subtypes in the same high-risk group has led to the continuous generation of recombinants between various subtypes. In this study, two unique recombinant forms were identified in the samples from Beijing, and the full-length sequences were amplified and sequenced for analysis.

Sequence Notes: Characterization of the Near-Full-Length Genome of Two Novel Unique Recombinant Genome (CRF01_AE/CRF79_0107, CRF01_AE/CRF07_BC) in Hebei, China.

The global fight against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is complicated by its extensive genetic diversity, which arises from high mutation rates, rapid replication, and frequent recombination events. These factors lead to the emergence of numerous recombinant forms of HIV-1, contributing to the virus's adaptability and complicating prevention and treatment efforts. In this study, we identified two novel, unique recombinant forms (URFs) of HIV-1, CRF01_AE/CRF79_0107 and CRF01_AE/CRF07_BC, through near full-length genome sequence analysis.

Stapokibart for moderate-to-severe seasonal allergic rhinitis: a randomized phase 3 trial.

Seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) places a significant socioeconomic burden, particularly on individuals with poorly managed recurrent and severe symptoms despite standard-of-care treatment. Stapokibart, a humanized monoclonal antibody that targets the interleukin (IL)-4 receptor subunit alpha, inhibits its interaction with both IL-4 and IL-13 in type 2 inflammation. Here we aim to assess the efficacy and safety of stapokibart as an add-on therapy in adults with moderate-to-severe SAR.

Model development and validation for predicting small-cell lung cancer bone metastasis utilizing diverse machine learning algorithms based on the SEER database.

The aim of this study was to devise a machine learning algorithm with superior performance in predicting bone metastasis (BM) in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and create a straightforward web-based predictor based on the developed algorithm. Data comprising demographic and clinicopathological characteristics of patients with SCLC and their potential BM were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database between 2010 and 2018. This data was then utilized to develop 12 machine learning algorithm models: support vector machine, logistic regression, NaiveBayes, extreme gradient boosting, decision tree, random forest, ExtraTrees, LightGBM, GradientBoosting, AdaBoost, MLP, and k-nearest neighbor.

Shared genetic investigation of asthma and blood eosinophils in relation to chronic rhinosinusitis.

Background: An epidemiological association among asthma, blood eosinophil level and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is well established, but whether consistent genetic relationships exist, and whether this reflects a shared genetic etiology between CRS and asthma or blood eosinophil level remains unclear.

Methods: Data from CRS patients (N = 1,255) and healthy controls (N = 1,032) were reviewed retrospectively to investigate associations between clinical characteristics and CRS. Data from white blood cells in the UK biobank (N = 173,480), asthma in the Trans-National Asthma Genetic Consortium (127,669) and CRS (N = 272,922) or nasal polyps (N = 264,107) in the FinnGen consortium were used to conduct genetic study, including linkage disequilibrium score regression analysis to detect genetic associations between aforementioned variables, Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate causal relationships of asthma and blood eosinophil levels on CRS, and Bayesian co-localization to consolidate MR findings and to identify shared genetic signals.

Stapokibart (CM310) in patients with uncontrolled seasonal allergic rhinitis (PHECDA): Rationale and design of a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Background: Seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) is a global health issue, and the current standard of care (SoC) has limited effectiveness in controlling the disease. There is a need for innovative treatments to better manage uncontrolled SAR and advance beyond the uniform SoC, and biologics targeting type 2 inflammation driving allergic rhinitis is promising.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Stapokibart, a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin-4 receptor subunit alpha, as an add-on therapy in patients with uncontrolled SAR.

New insights into the endotypes of chronic rhinosinusitis in the biologic era.

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) exhibits significant heterogeneity and has been generally classified as type 1 (T1), T2, and T3 endotypes according to the histopathologic and inflammatory features of the nasal mucosa. T2 inflammation has been regarded as the predominant endotype of CRS linked to disease severity and refractory conditions. The development of biological agents that specifically target key molecules involved in T2 inflammation offers a highly effective and promising therapeutic approach for CRS.

Optimizing Salmonella Detection in Beijing's Surface Water: Unveiling Rare Serotypes with a Modified Moore Swab (MMS) Method.

Background: Salmonella, a notorious foodborne pathogen with a wide range of hosts, poses a significant public health concern globally. Contaminated surface water acts as a potential source of Salmonella transmission.

Objective: To optimize a Salmonella detection method from large-volume water and analyze surface water samples in Beijing and characterize Salmonella isolates from these samples by whole genome sequencing.

Organoid modeling reveals the tumorigenic potential of the alveolar progenitor cell state.

Cancers display cellular, genetic and epigenetic heterogeneity, complicating disease modeling. Multiple cell states defined by gene expression have been described in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, the functional contributions of cell state and the regulatory programs that control chromatin and gene expression in the early stages of tumor initiation are not well understood.

Integrated analysis of ATAC-seq and RNA-seq reveals ADSCP2 regulates oxidative phosphorylation pathway in hypertrophic scar fibroblasts.

The primary effector cells involved in the formation of hypertrophic scars are fibroblasts. A potential peptide, ADSCP2 (adipose-derived stem cell peptide 2, the peptide fragment of ALCAM protein), derived from adipose-derived stem cell-conditioned medium, has been identified as having the potential to mitigate hypertrophic scar formation by targeting pyruvate carboxylase. However, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood.

The origin and transmission of HIV-1 CRF80_0107 among two major first-tier cities in China.

Background: CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC are the two most prevalent HIV-1 genotypes in China, and the co-circulation of these two genotypes has led to the continuous generation of CRF_0107 viruses in recent years. However, little is known about the origin and spread of CRF_0107 viruses thus far. This study focused on HIV-1 CRF80_0107, which we previously identified among the MSM population in Beijing and Hebei Province, to explore the demographic distribution, transmission links, and temporal-spatial evolutionary features of the HIV-1 CRF80_0107 strain in China.