Neuroprotective role of GLT-1/EAAT2 in glutamate-induced excitotoxicity.

Glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity represents a common pathomechanism in neurological disorders. As the predominant glutamate transporter in the central nervous system, glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1, known as EAAT2 in humans) plays a crucial role in maintaining glutamate homeostasis and preventing excitotoxicity through its Na⁺-dependent transport mechanism. Key functions of GLT-1 include reducing extracellular glutamate concentration, regulating calcium homeostasis, suppressing oxidative stress, preserving mitochondrial integrity, and modulating neuroinflammatory processes by limiting microglial activation.

PRMT5 encourages cell migration and metastasis of tongue squamous cell carcinoma through methylating ΔNp63α.

Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is a common oral malignancy prone to metastasis, whose underlying mechanism remains obscure. Here, we report the oncogenic roles of protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) in TSCC via inhibiting transcription factor ΔNp63α. We found that PRMT5 physically interacts with ΔNp63α, resulting in impairment of ΔNp63α-mediated transcriptional regulation.

Female light capture is shaped by juvenile hormone-mediated post-mating behavior in the diamondback moth.

Background: Post-mating behavioral changes are crucial for optimizing female reproductive success in insects, frequently resulting in shifts in both physiology and behavior. In moths, light traps typically capture more mated females than unmated ones; however, the mechanisms driving this discrepancy remain unclear.

Results: In this study, we examined how mating status influences female light capture in the diamondback moth (DBM; Plutella xylostella).

Hsa_circ_0005325 Regulates the Proliferation, Apoptosis, Colony Formation, Migration, and Angiogenesis-Promoting Behavior of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells Through the miR-433-3p/HMGA2 Axis.

Objective: To explore the mechanism by which hsa_circ_0005325 affects the proliferation, apoptosis, colony formation, migration, and angiogenesis-promoting behavior of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells through the miR-433-3p/HMGA2 axis.

Material And Methods: qRT‒PCR was used to measure the expression of hsa_circ_0005325 in SCC25 and CAL-27 cells and normal human oral epithelial cells (HOK). SCC25 and CAL-27 cells were cultured, and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), cell apoptosis, plate colony formation, Transwell migration and a tube formation assays were used to detect changes in cell proliferation, apoptosis, colony formation, migration and angiogenesis, respectively.

A biomimetic nanoplatform for multimodal imaging-guided therapy of esophageal cancer via synergistic activation of cuproptosis and ferroptosis.

Esophageal cancer (EC) is a gastrointestinal malignancy with high morbidity and mortality. Traditional treatments yield unsatisfactory outcomes and novel intervention strategy is highly demanded. Cuproptosis and ferroptosis are recently defined modes of cell death, which displays promising utility in cancer treatment.

Host-Gated Enzymatic Release (H-GER) Enables Colorimetric Transduction for Enzyme Measurement.

We introduce Host-Gated Enzymatic Release (H-GER) as an alternative colorimetric signal transduction mechanism for measuring amylase activity. This assay uses a visually colored complex formed when hydroxypropyl-γ-cyclodextrin (HP-γ-CD) binds to the aggregachromic dye CRANAD-2, with the HP side chains playing a key role in the complexation. The analytical capability of this visually addressable assay relies on changes in dye dispersity, triggered by the enzymatic release of gated CRANAD-2 from HP-γ-CD host.

Enriched environment inhibits GLT-1 ubiquitination by downregulating SMURF1 to attenuate ischemic brain injury induced excitotoxicity.

Background: Excitotoxicity induced by glutamate contributes significantly to ischemic brain injury. The role of enriched environment (EE) in promoting neurological recovery post-stroke is well-established, yet its impact on excitotoxicity remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms through which EE modulates excitotoxicity in ischemic brain injury using in vivo and in vitro experiments.

A Frontier Review of Semantic SLAM Technologies Applied to the Open World.

With the growing demand for autonomous robotic operations in complex and unstructured environments, traditional semantic SLAM systems-which rely on closed-set semantic vocabularies-are increasingly limited in their ability to robustly perceive and understand diverse and dynamic scenes. This paper focuses on the paradigm shift toward open-world semantic scene understanding in SLAM and provides a comprehensive review of the technological evolution from closed-world assumptions to open-world frameworks. We survey the current state of research in open-world semantic SLAM, highlighting key challenges and frontiers.

MedAlmighty: enhancing disease diagnosis with large vision model distillation.

Introduction: Accurate disease diagnosis is critical in the medical field, yet it remains a challenging task due to the limited, heterogeneous, and complex nature of medical data. These challenges are particularly pronounced in multimodal tasks requiring the integration of diverse data sources. While lightweight models offer computational efficiency, they often lack the comprehensive understanding necessary for reliable clinical predictions.

Manod: A multi-modal anomaly detection framework for distributed system.

Distributed infrastructure has been widely deployed in large-scale software systems in recent years to meet the growing demand for applications, due to its scalability and resource-sharing characteristics. Accurately predicting and identifying anomalies is critical to ensure the stable and reliable running of complex distributed systems. System abnormalities can often be reflected through key performance indicators and logs.

Microstructure and high-cycle fatigue fracture characteristics of WC-enhanced nickel-based laser cladding coating.

Aeroengine and powertrain components operate under elevated temperatures and cyclic loading, making them prone to fatigue failure. Laser cladding (LC) has emerged as a sustainable repair technology due to its strong metallurgical bonding and flexible processing. However, rapid thermal cycles during LC can introduce defects such as pores, cracks, and inclusions that impair fatigue performance.

Development and application of a NP-cELISA for the detection of nucleoprotein antibodies of equine influenza virus.

Unlabelled: Equine influenza (EI), caused by the equine influenza virus (EIV), is an acute respiratory disease that has become enzootic worldwide, resulting in frequent outbreaks and substantial economic losses within the equine industry. In this study, we developed a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (NP-cELISA) for the detection of antibodies against the EIV nucleoprotein (NP). The assay was designed by coating plates with purified monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the NP protein, followed by simultaneous incubation of the test serum samples and HRP-NP antigen in a competitive binding reaction.

An Innovative Inter-Spectral Distance-Based Approach to Analyzing MALDI-TOF Mass Spectra of Closely Related Microbial Species.

Rationale: Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is a highly efficient technique for microbial identification; however, the accuracy has always been a problem when identifying closely related microbial species. Improving spectral data identification algorithms is one of the key approaches to enhancing the discriminatory power and reliability of identification for the closely related species.

Methods: This study develops a dimensionality reduction method based on inter-spectral distance computation for the analysis of MALDI-TOF MS data.

Diffusion process and risks of heavy metal(loid)s in an arid-region lake sediments: influencing factors and management suggestions.

The release of heavy metal(loid)s (HMs) in lake sediments is highly sensitive to environmental conditions, and understanding its release process and influence mechanism is crucial for managing ecological risk in lakes. This study took Bosten Lake as a typical representative and integrated the methodological and technical system of passive sampling technology / DIFS model / Bayesian network model to analyze the process and influence mechanism of HMs release in the core microscopic system of lake overlying water - porewater - sediment core, and comparatively discussed the characteristics of HMs release in lake sediments in arid areas. In the surface sediments of Bosten Lake, Cr and Ni can reach a supply balance, with other elements continuously supplied from the solid to the liquid phases at different rates depending on the sampling areas.

CUX1 variant and 9p deletion: expanding the spectrum and resolving variable GDD/ID in a family.

Background: Intellectual disability (ID) significantly impacts individual development and imposes a societal burden. Although mild ID accounts for approximately 85% of total cases, research into its genetic etiology remains relatively limited. We investigated a two-generation pedigree exhibiting varying degrees of global developmental delay (GDD) and ID.

Secondary amine-activated ferrate(VI) for isoquinoline degradation: Relationship between molecular structure and reactive performance.

This study elucidates the electronic structure-activity relationship between secondary amines and ferrate(VI) (Fe(VI)) activation. Comparative experiments demonstrated that pyrrolidine (Py) significantly outperformed diethylamine (Di) in enhancing Fe(VI)'s oxidation capability across various dosage conditions, pollutants, and water matrices. Specifically, for isoquinoline (IQL) degradation, Py-Fe(VI) achieved an approximately 7-fold higher rate constant than Fe(VI) alone, versus a 2-fold improvement observed with Di-Fe(VI).

Enhancing ECL efficiency of tris (bipyridine) ruthenium via amino-group-tuned Pd-MOFs for competitive detection of glypican-3.

Nowadays, efficient electrochemiluminescence (ECL) emitters are urgently demanded to enhance the biosensor's sensitivity. In this work, we selected Pd-based metal organic frameworks (Pd-MOFs) as nanocarrier to assemble with tris (bipyridine) ruthenium (RuP) for ECL emission, and utilized it as bio-label in ECL biosensors. Three ligands with varying amino groups were employed to regulate RuP's ECL responses, including 2-nitro-1,4-phenylenediamine (NPD), 1,2,4,5-benzenetetramine tetrahydrochloride (BTA) and hexaaminobenzene (HAB).

Stapokibart for Severe Uncontrolled Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps: The CROWNS-2 Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps causes severe symptoms and impaired quality of life. Stapokibart is a novel monoclonal antibody that targets interleukin 4Rα.

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of stapokibart as an add-on treatment to intranasal corticosteroids in patients with severe uncontrolled chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

Gut microbiota-mediated betaine regulates skeletal muscle fiber type transition by affecting mA RNA methylation and expression.

Skeletal muscle fiber composition is essential for maintaining muscle function and overall health. Growing evidence underscores the pivotal role of the gut-muscle axis in mediating the influence of gut microbiota on skeletal muscle development. However, the mechanisms underlying microbiota-mediated regulation of skeletal muscle fiber type remain unclear.

Burden and inequality of autism spectrum disorders in global, East asian, and Southeast Asian regions, 1990-2021: result from the global burden of disease study 2021.

Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) represent a range of neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by abnormal behavioral patterns. ASD is frequently comorbid with other neurodevelopmental disorders. However, there remains a gap in research on the burden of ASD in East and Southeast Asia.

Spironolactone versus placebo in patients undergoing maintenance dialysis (ACHIEVE): an international, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial.

Background: Patients undergoing maintenance dialysis for kidney failure are at substantial risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. We aimed to establish if spironolactone reduces heart failure and cardiovascular deaths in these patients.

Methods: ACHIEVE was an international, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial done in 143 dialysis programmes in 12 countries.

Equivalent Self-Noise Suppression of Distributed Hydroacoustic Sensing System Using SDM Signals Based on Multi-Core Fiber.

To address the demand of equivalent self-noise suppression in a distributed hydroacoustic sensing system, this study proposes a method to enhance the acoustic sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) using space division multiplexed (SDM) technology based on multi-core fiber (MCF). Specifically, a dual-channel demodulation system for distributed acoustic sensing is designed using MCF. The responses of different cores in MCF are almost consistent under external acoustic pressure, while their self-noise is inconsistent.

Decomposition of AunO- clusters into gold oxide and metallic components: Unraveling the impact of single-atom oxygen on the reactivity modulation.

Gold clusters serve as ideal models for probing chemical bonding theories and their reactions with O2 provide valuable insights into the O2 activation mechanisms on gold-based catalysts. While extensive research has been conducted on pristine gold clusters, investigations into the reactivity of nonmetal-doped gold clusters remain limited. Here, we explore the reactions of AunO- (n = 5-20) with O2 using cluster reaction experiments and density functional theory calculations, and our findings reveal that many AunO- exhibits a structure-activity relationship different from those of pure gold clusters and small gold oxide clusters.

[Impacts of advanced male age on sperm DNA methylation and subsequent development of embryos and offspring].

Male factors contribute to infertility at roughly the same rate as female factors, and sperm DNA methylation in advanced-aged males directly affects semen parameters and significantly reduces fertility and increases the miscarriage rate of spouses. Many adverse outcomes of reproductive health are associated with advanced reproductive age of men, and few studies are reported on the influence of paternal age on the health of the offspring. The role of advanced age in human sperm DNA methylation variation and mechanism of its subsequent influence on the offspring health remain unclear.