Evaluating stapokibart in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis.

Seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) is a chronic inflammatory condition primarily mediated by type 2 immune responses, typically triggered by specific pollens. Stapokibart is a humanized monoclonal antibody anti-interleukin-4 receptor α subunit, thereby blocking IL-4 and IL-13 signaling pathways. Clinical studies of stapokibart in healthy adults and SAR patients revealed a favorable safety profile and significant clinical efficacy.

Synthesis and antifungal activity evaluation of novel dehydroabietic acid-based Schiff base derivatives for sustainable agricultural protection.

Background: Plant diseases cause significant economic losses in global agriculture each year, and the long-term use of commercial fungicides has led to serious environmental pollution and pesticide resistance. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop effective and eco-friendly plant-based antifungal compounds.

Results: A series of rosin-based Schiff base derivatives were synthesized, and all compounds were charactered using FT-IR, H NMR, C NMR and LC-MS.

Mouse Models for Studying the Mechanisms and Therapeutic Effects of Allergic Airway Inflammation.

Allergic airway inflammation, including allergic rhinitis and asthma, is a disease characterized by IgE-mediated type I hypersensitivity reactions, with its pathophysiological features being the infiltration and proliferation of inflammatory cells in the airway mucosal epithelial cells. The complexity and heterogeneity of this inflammatory response, as well as the limitations of sampling from patients with allergic airway inflammation, have made animal models play a crucial role in studying the pathophysiological molecular pathways and treatment methods of allergic airway inflammation. Among the many animal models, mouse models are widely used for their diversity of genetic backgrounds, ease of experimental manipulation, and relevance to human diseases.

Mechanistic insights into Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and Perfluorooctane sulfonates (PFOS)-induced nitrification acceleration: Interkingdom collaboration of AOA-comammox in calcareous soils.

Emerging ecological risks of Per - and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in terrestrial environments have received extensive attention. Yet, their impact on microbially-mediated nitrification processes in soils remains insufficiently investigated. Through a 42-day microcosm incubation experiment, we examined how two representative PFASs exposure, i.

Stapokibart for Severe Uncontrolled Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps: The CROWNS-2 Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps causes severe symptoms and impaired quality of life. Stapokibart is a novel monoclonal antibody that targets interleukin 4Rα.

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of stapokibart as an add-on treatment to intranasal corticosteroids in patients with severe uncontrolled chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

Ruxolitinib, a novel JAK/STAT-targeted therapy through restoring mucosal homeostasis for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

Background: The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway plays a crucial role in regulating immune function and inflammatory responses. Dysregulation of this pathway has been implicated in numerous disorders, including chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). However, the potential therapeutic efficacy of targeted JAK inhibition in CRSwNP remains underexplored and requires further investigation.

TLR4group 2 innate lymphoid cells contribute to persistent type 2 immunity in airway diseases.

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) directly contribute to local inflammation in type 2 inflammatory airway diseases. Here, we identify ILC2 subsets by single cell RNA sequencing in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and in a memory inflammatory mouse model. We find that toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)ILC2s, with similar markers to their human counterparts, expresse memory cell markers, persist over time, and respond more vigorously to a secondary unrelated antigen challenge in the mouse model.

Predictive significance of 15(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid for eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

Background: Among the different endotypes of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), eosinophilic CRSwNP (ECRSwNP) exhibits more severe symptoms and a higher rate of recurrence compared with noneosinophilic CRSwNP (non-ECRSwNP), as well as distinct metabolic alterations. Hence, early identification of metabolic alterations in polyps is crucial for the prediction and selection of personalized treatment for patients with CRSwNP, especially ECRSwNP. However, clinical practice faces a deficiency in readily accessible and expedited predictive diagnostics of metabolic changes.

Advances in Ferroptosis in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases of the Upper and Lower Airways.

Background: The pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases in the upper and lower airways is common and mutually influential and should be managed systematically. Disorders of iron metabolism and redox homeostasis imbalance, which lead to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation, are considered key common characteristics linking ferroptosis to chronic inflammatory diseases of the upper and lower airways. Recognizing the mechanism of ferroptosis and how it contributes to chronic inflammatory diseases of the upper and lower airways enables a more comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of these conditions and offers novel avenues for therapeutic intervention.

The role of nasal cytology in the diagnosis and treatment of Allergic rhinitis.

Introduction: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common noninfectious chronic inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE). Currently, the diagnosis of AR mainly relies on a typical history of allergies, clinical symptoms and signs, skin prick tests, nasal provocation tests, and serum specific IgE detection. Nasal secretion cytology, as a method that directly reflects the inflammatory status in the nasal cavity, also plays a significant role in the diagnosis and treatment of AR.

Simplified radar architecture based on information metasurface.

Modern radar typically employs a chain radio-frequency (RF)-digital architecture, imposing high costs, substantial hardware burdens, and integration challenges. Here, we propose a simplified radar architecture based on space-time-coding (STC) information metasurfaces. With the capabilities to generate multiple frequencies and customize their phases, the STC metasurfaces play crucial roles in both transmission and reception: they enable chirp signal generation and radiation at the transmitter while facilitating echo reception and dechirp processing at the receiver.

Excessive Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in B Cells Associates With the Local Immunoglobulin Production in Severe Type 2 Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps.

Background: Immunoglobulin overproduction was observed in type 2 chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is linked to aggregation in various inflammatory diseases, yet its presence and extent in nasal polyps remain to be elucidated.

Objective: To assess the impact of B-cell ER stress on local immunoglobulin production in CRSwNP and investigate its correlation with disease severity.

BDNF as a Key Mediator in Eosinophilic Inflammation in CRSwNP: Insights From Transcriptomic and Functional Analysis.

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a heterogeneous inflammatory disorder characterized by eosinophil-driven pathology. While neurotrophins, particularly brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), have been implicated in eosinophilic inflammation in allergic conditions, their involvement in CRSwNP remains undefined.

Methods: Bulk-RNA sequencing of 23 nasal mucosa samples and ELISA quantification of 95 nasal secretions were conducted to evaluate BDNF expression across CRSwNP endotypes and its correlation with eosinophil infiltration and clinical severity.

Effects of postoperative oral carbohydrate intake immediately on the quality of recovery: a propensity score-matched and multivariate analysis.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of postoperative oral carbohydrate (CHO) supplementation immediately compared with plain water in improving recovery outcomes in patients undergoing knee arthroplasty (KA). Additionally, we analyzed the influence of perioperative factors on the quality of postoperative recovery.

Methods: We included 200 patients who underwent knee arthroplasty between August 2022 and August 2024.

Comprehensive analysis of yak milk residue peptides for anti-hypoxic functional foods: targeting neuroinflammation and apoptosis in hypoxic mice.

The hypoxia-induced stress response constitutes a physiological disorder that poses a significant, life-threatening risk. This study aims to investigate the anti-hypoxic brain injury effects of peptides derived from yak milk residue and elucidate their underlying mechanisms. Peptidomic analysis identified three bioactive peptides (YPFPGPIPN, PVVPPFLQPEVMGVSK, and T3-LVYPFPGPIPN (T3)) associated with anti-hypoxic activity.

COTE and Pulmonary Comorbidities Predict Moderate-to-Severe Acute Exacerbation and Hospitalization in COPD.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore the predictive value of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) specific comorbidity test index (COTE) and pulmonary comorbidities for moderate-to-severe acute exacerbation and hospitalization in COPD patients.

Patients And Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study. We included 470 patients with stable COPD.

Nasal-Specific Immunoglobulin E to Total Immunoglobulin E Ratio Mediates the Effect of Natural Pollen Exposure on Symptom Severity in Patients With Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis.

Daily pollen concentration was associated with symptom severity of SAR. Nasal sIgE showed a similar trend of variation with pollen concentrations. Nasal sIgE to tIgE ratio mediated the influence of pollen concertation on symptom severity.

IL-17-Related Pathways and Myeloid Cell Function are Involved in the Mechanism of Sublingual Immunotherapy with Artemisia annua for Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis.

The mechanisms underlying immune tolerance induction during sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) of seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) remain insufficiently understood. This study aimed to investigate the molecular and immunological process involved in SLIT. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and bioinformatics analyses were performed to examine the functions of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in leukocytes from 11 SAR patients at three time points: baseline, peak pollen phase (PPP), and end-of-treatment.

Unraveling the composition and function of pig gut microbiome from metagenomics.

The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in intestinal maturation, metabolism, and immunoregulation, significantly influencing the host's health and growth performance. This review highlights the use of metagenomic techniques to the composition, function, and dynamic changes of the pig gut microbiota. Research has revealed that environmental and host factors, particularly diet, drive significant variations in microbial composition, which in turn shape host epigenetics through microbial components and metabolites.

Study on Moisture Phase Changes in Bread Baking Using a Coupling Model.

Moisture phase change (MPC), a key process in bread baking, significantly impacts heat and mass transfer, as confirmed by experiments. However, existing models poorly characterize this phenomenon, and its quantitative impact on baking needs systematic study. This research develops a coupled multiphase model for heat and mass transfer with large deformation, employing both equilibrium and nonequilibrium approaches to describe MPC in closed and open pores, respectively.

Enhancing the Textural Properties of Tibetan Pig Sausages via Aqueous Extract: Polyphenol-Mediated Quality Improvements.

The mechanistic effects of on the textural properties of Tibetan pig sausages remain inadequately elucidated. We conducted a dose-response analysis using aqueous extraction (ZBAE) containing 36.97 mg GAE/g polyphenols, applied at concentrations from 0.

Preoperative prediction of malignant transformation in sinonasal inverted papilloma: a novel MRI-based deep learning approach.

Objective: To develop a novel MRI-based deep learning (DL) diagnostic model, utilizing multicenter large-sample data, for the preoperative differentiation of sinonasal inverted papilloma (SIP) from SIP-transformed squamous cell carcinoma (SIP-SCC).

Methods: This study included 568 patients from four centers with confirmed SIP (n = 421) and SIP-SCC (n = 147). Deep learning models were built using T1WI, T2WI, and CE-T1WI.

Full consideration of the pollen exposure effect in clinical trial design for pollen-induced allergic rhinitis.

Introduction: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is global health concern with an increasing prevalence. Among them, pollen-induced AR (PIAR) exhibits more severe and intense symptoms, decreased quality of life, prominent local inflammation, and is thus more challenging to control. Due to the difficulties in disease control, in recent years, an increasing number of treatment methods, including pharmacotherapy, allergen-specific immunotherapy, and newly developed biologics, have focused on PIAR.

Amphiregulin Mediates Epithelial Cell-Eosinophil Interactions and Amplifies Inflammation in Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps.

Background: Eosinophils easily accumulate in the intra-epithelial layer and subepithelial regions in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (ECRSwNP). While several factors influence the migration of eosinophils from peripheral blood to extravascular tissues, the triggers and role of eosinophils near the epithelial layer in CRSwNP remain unclear.

Methods: We examined interactions between eosinophils and epithelial cells using co-culture systems.

Trends and Clinical Features of Pet Sensitization of Allergic Rhinitis from 2017 to 2023 in Beijing, China.

Introduction: Cats and dogs, as most common domestic pets, are an important source of indoor airborne allergens that can cause allergic rhinitis (AR) and other allergic diseases. This study aimed to determine the trends of sensitization of pets in recent years and disease severity in AR patients sensitized to pet's allergens.

Methods: This was a retrospective study, which examined 48,199 patients who were first diagnosed AR at the Department of Allergy of Beijing Tongren Hospital from January 2017 to December 2023.