Haplotype-resolved genome and multi-omics landscape reveal an epigenetic regulation of citric acid accumulation in lemon.

Lemon (Citrus limon L.), an economically important Citrus species, produces high levels of citric acid. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying citric acid accumulation in lemon fruit are poorly understood.

Biological activity study of formononetin-containing isopropanolamine derivatives: dual effects of membrane penetration and intracellular action.

Background: Global crop yields suffer severe losses due to pathogenic infections, and the drug resistance of traditional fungicides has become a prominent issue. Developing new fungicides with high efficiency, environmental friendliness, and low toxicity has become an important task in agricultural plant protection, which also promotes natural product-derived green pesticides to become a research hotspot.

Results: 30 formononetin derivatives incorporating isopropanolamine moieties were rationally designed and synthesized as potential plant disease control agents.

Stachydrine mitigates high glucose-induced apoptosis in human lens epithelial cells by activating mitophagy.

Diabetic cataract (DC) is a prevalent complication of diabetes. This condition often leads to significant visual impairment and, in some cases, blindness. Recent studies have highlighted the potential protective effects of natural plant extracts in the context of DC.

Flavonol derivatives containing pyrazole oxime ether: design, synthesis, and anti-TMV activity.

A series of flavonol derivatives containing pyrazole oxime ether moieties were designed and synthesized. In vivo antiviral assays revealed that some compounds exhibited remarkable inhibitory effects against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Among them, Both the curative activity (EC = 88.

MSF-ACA: Low-Light Image Enhancement Network Based on Multi-Scale Feature Fusion and Adaptive Contrast Adjustment.

To address the issues of loss of important detailed features, insufficient contrast enhancement, and high computational complexity in existing low-light image enhancing methodologies, this paper presents a low-light image enhancement network (MSF-ACA), which uses multi-scale feature fusion and adaptive contrast adjustment. Focus is placed on designing the local-global image feature fusion module (LG-IFFB) and the adaptive image contrast enhancement module (AICEB), in which the LG-IFFB adopts the local-global dual-branching structure to extract multi-scale image features, and utilizes the element-by-element multiplication method to fuse the local details with the global illumination distribution to alleviate the problem of serious loss of image details, while the AICEB incorporates linear contrast enhancement and confidence adaptive stopping mechanism, which dynamically adjusts the computational depth according to the confidence of the feature map, balancing the contrast enhancement and computational efficiency. According to the results of the experiment, the parameter count of MSF-ACA is 0.

Yishen Qufeng formula mediates ferroptosis to improve renal fibrosis in unilateral ureteral obstruction rats.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Yishen Qufeng Formula (YQF), an in-hospital preparation of the Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, has been used clinically for the long-term treatment of kidney-related diseases. The formula was patented by the National Intellectual Property Administration of China. Preliminary studies have shown its renoprotective effects, though the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Assessment of Pharmacokinetics and Safety with Bioequivalence of the Nitroglycerin Sublingual Tablets of Two Formulations in Chinese Healthy Subjects: A Bioequivalence Study.

Background And Objective: Nitroglycerin, a cornerstone therapy for acute angina pectoris, achieves rapid symptom relief through sublingual administration by bypassing hepatic first-pass metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetics (PK), bioequivalence, and safety profiles between a test (T) formulation and a reference (R) formulation of nitroglycerin sublingual tablets in healthy volunteers (HVs).

Methods: In this single-center, randomized, open, single-dose, two-part formulations, four-cycle, two-sequence complete repeat crossover design, fasting-dose bioequivalence study, HVs (n = 36) were 1:1 divided into two groups (T-R-T-R and R-T-R-T) and received 0.

The influence of corneal biomechanical factors on surgically induced corneal astigmatism.

To investigate the correlation between the corneal biomechanical properties of cataract patients measured by Corvis-ST and surgically induced corneal astigmatism (CSIA) derived from anterior segment swept-source OCT (CASIA2). A total of 149 eyes from 149 patients received phacoemulsification with a 2.2-mm clear corneal incision at the 135° were involved.

The duplexity of insulin: The integrated bioinformatics analysis and machine learning identified key genes for type 2 diabetes.

Background: Insulin therapy is still the most important treatment for T2DM, but the discussion about whether insulin brings more benefits or harms to T2DM patients has not stopped. Therefore, we used high-throughput RNA sequencing to investigate the role of insulin in T2DM and its molecular changes.

Method: We collected peripheral blood samples from 16 patients with T2DM, and performed RNA-seq on peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Towards complete suppression of diagonal peaks in solid-state MAS NMR homonuclear chemical shift correlation spectra.

The feasibility of applying the spin-echo based diagonal peak suppression method in solid-state MAS NMR homonuclear chemical shift correlation experiments is demonstrated. A complete phase cycling is designed to generate sine- and cosine-modulations of the chemical shift difference between the spin-diffused signals, enabling the quadrature detection in the indirect dimension. Meanwhile, all signals not involved in polarization transfer are refocused at the center of the indirect dimension.

Enhanced Bioavailability of Ferric Pyrophosphate Delivery System Constructed with β-Glucan and Casein Phosphopeptide.

Iron supplementation has been an important and complicated health topic. Available iron preparations generally have issues such as instability, inadequate absorption, and low consumer acceptability. This study provided a novel ferric pyrophosphate (FePP) delivery system, the FePP-casein-phosphopeptide-dextran (FCD) complex, with sodium pyrophosphate (NaPP) as a solvent promoter and casein-phosphopeptide (CPP) and β-glucan as wall materials.

Spatiotemporally programmed co-delivery via double emulsions enables absorption synergy of 5-MTHF-Ca and vitamin D.

This study introduces an innovative double emulsion (DE) system for the co-delivery of water-soluble 5-methyltetrahydrofolate calcium (5-MTHF-Ca) and lipid-soluble vitamin D (VD), addressing the challenge of synchronized delivery for nutrients with divergent solubility. Through a two-step emulsification strategy, co-loaded DEs (C-5-MTHF-Ca & VD) exhibited superior colloidal stability compared to single-loaded counterparts (S-5-MTHF-Ca and S-VD), retaining 88.17 ± 2.

A Comparative Study Based on HS-SPME-GC-MS of Volatile Compounds in Large Yellow Croaker () During Varied Cold Storage Conditions.

Various volatile compounds are responsible for the odor changes in fish during storage. In this study, a coupled headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analytical approach was applied to characterize the volatile compounds in large yellow croaker () during storage under three treatments: cold storage (CS), slurry ice (SI), and crushed ice (CI). A total of 24 volatile substances were identified, including aldehydes, ketones, and alcohols.

Neurochemical Alterations in Aggression: A Meta-Analysis.

Aggressive behaviours pose a significant threat to both individual and societal security. Increasing evidence suggests that individuals exhibiting such behaviours demonstrate altered neurochemical levels including metabolites, neurotransmitters and receptors. However, findings from previous studies have shown inconsistencies.

JAK3/STAT5A-dependent IL-8 regulation drives ESCC angiogenesis and is suppressed by dihydroartemisinin.

The tumor microenvironment plays a crucial role in tumor angiogenesis, yet the mechanism by which the microenvironment promotes tumor angiogenesis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is unclear. Here, transcriptomics revealed that IL-8 was the most significantly upregulated in HUVECs induced by ESCC cell supernatants, and the JAK3/STAT5A pathway was activated to regulate IL-8 during this process. Moreover, targeting JAK3 suppressed ESCC angiogenesis.

PARP inhibitors accumulate B7-H3 on fibroblasts via blocking autophagic flux to potentiate immune evasion in ovarian cancer.

Besides targeting tumor cells via canonical synthetic lethality, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) can remodel tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), which then affects PARPis' anti-tumor capabilities. However, exact function of PARPis on TIME remains insufficiently explored. Here, by leveraging paired samples during neoadjuvant PARPi Niraparib treatment derived from a prospective clinical trial, we discovered that the expression of immune checkpoint ligand B7-H3 was induced by PARPis in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) of ovarian cancer.

C-Axis Chiral 10,10'-Bibenzoquinoline Ligands Specifically Partnered with AgOTf Enable Catalytic Enantioselective Cyclopropanations of Diazo Carbonates.

A new kind of ()-10,10'-bibenzoquinoline (-BBQ) ligands with C-axis chirality and super-conjugated aromatic rings were rationally devised, and concisely and efficiently prepared in two steps by the classic Combes quinoline synthesis starting from the commercially available chiral ()-1,1'-binaphthalene-2,2'-diamine (BINAM). Specifically partnered with AgOTf, the new chiral ligands effectively and enantioselectively catalyzed the cyclopropanations of diazo oxindoles and α-arylidene diazo succinimides with aromatic alkenes in good to excellent enantioselectivities (up to 98%ee) with moderate to excellent yields (up to 89% yield). Our protocol has disclosed the first example of silver-catalyzed highly enantioselective cyclopropanation of diazo carbonates.

Targeting CDH11 with celecoxib and derivatives to suppress esophageal squamous cell carcinoma proliferation and invasion.

Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a highly aggressive malignancy with limited therapeutic options. Cadherin-11 (CDH11) has been implicated in tumor progression, but its role in ESCC remains unclear.

Methods: CDH11 expression was analyzed in ESCC tissues and cell lines.

Recent advances in crustacean melanosis: Mechanism of melanosis, evaluation methods, and inhibition techniques.

Melanosis in crustacean is attributable to the catalytic action of polyphenol oxidase. This condition is organoleptically detrimental, markedly diminishing the perceived value of the product and eliciting a strong adverse reaction from consumers. To address this issue, we provide a comprehensive summary and update on the mechanisms, contributing factors, assessment methods, and strategies for mitigating melanosis within this study.

Genome-wide identification and expression profiles of NAC transcription factors in Poncirus trifoliata reveal their potential roles in cold tolerance.

Background: Citrus, a globally vital economic crop, faces severe challenges due to extreme climatic conditions and diseases/pests attack. Poncirus trifoliata is closely related to citrus and shows unique cold tolerance, making it a crucial material for unraveling genes involved in cold tolerance. NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, CUC2) transcription factors play important roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses.

Recent advancements of Raman spectroscopy application in topical products.

Topical products have gained popularity in the recent years. Diverse formulation types, complex composition, and thermodynamically instable nature present great challenges in the formulation development of topical products. The analytical methods available for topical formulation analysis and quality control are limited.

Optimizing Biophysical Large-Scale Brain Circuit Models With Deep Neural Networks.

Biophysical modeling provides mechanistic insights into brain function, from single-neuron dynamics to large-scale circuit models bridging macro-scale brain activity with microscale measurements. Biophysical models are governed by biologically meaningful parameters, many of which can be experimentally measured. Some parameters are unknown, and optimizing their values can dramatically improve adherence to experimental data, significantly enhancing biological plausibility.

Multi-Modality Sheep Face Recognition Based on Deep Learning.

To address the challenge of recognizing sheep faces of the same type, which exhibit significant similarities and varying performance of RGB images under different lighting conditions and angles, this paper proposes a dual-branch multi-modal sheep face recognition model based on the ResNet18 architecture. This model effectively learns geometric features from depth data and texture features from RGB data, thereby enhancing recognition accuracy. Initially, the model employs two InceptionV2 layers, one for the RGB channel and another for the depth channel, to extract specific features from both modalities.

Non-covalent binding of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside onto peanut oil body for improved stability: Molecular interactions and properties.

Anthocyanins are popular natural food colorants, but instability limits practical use. This study proposed a stabilization strategy through molecular complexation of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) onto peanut oil bodies (POB). Characterization revealed that POBs functionalized with 0.