Trends of infectious diseases, epidemic patterns, and the association with meteorological events: 2500 years of evidence from an observational study.

Background: Meteorological factors are known to influence the transmission of infectious diseases. Studying historical epidemics in ancient China provides valuable insights into how environmental stressors shaped public health, with implications for modern disease control. We aimed to quantitatively assess the relationship between meteorological events and epidemic severity in China from 674 BC to 1911 AD.

The influence and lag-effect of temperature and precipitation on the incidence and mortality of tuberculosis, 2000-2021: an observational study.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health concern, particularly in low-and middle-income countries. Climate change may influence TB burden through effects on human health, living conditions, and pathogen transmission, yet its long-term impact remains underexplored.

Methods: This observational study integrated data on temperature and precipitation obtained from NCEI/NOAA, TB burden from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, and socio-economic covariates from the World Bank open data platform.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of first-line gifitinib plus pemetrexed-platinum-based chemotherapy versus gifitinib monotherapy in EGFR-mutated NSCLC patients with brain metastases.

Purpose: Brain metastases (BrMs) frequently manifest in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and the optimal treatment approach for these individuals remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of adding pemetrexed-platinum chemotherapy to first-line gefitinib in EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients with BrMs, considering the perspective of the Chinese healthcare system.

Patients And Methods: Constructing a Markov model, we simulated disease progression over a 10-year horizon in 4-week intervals.

Sublethal executioner caspase activation in hepatocytes promotes liver regeneration through the JAK/STAT3 pathway.

Apoptosis has been reported to drive regeneration in many species. Executioner caspases, the key effectors in apoptosis, are responsible for production and secretion of various pro-regenerative signals from apoptotic cells to the surrounding cells. However, whether executioner caspase activation (ECA) can promote regeneration without inducing apoptosis is poorly understood.

Salidroside Promotes Fatty Acid β-Oxidation and Reduces Hepatic Lipid Deposition in Largemouth Bass by Activating Autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR Pathway.

Replacing expensive fishmeal with economically viable plant-derived carbohydrates in aquafeeds holds significant promise. However, excess dietary carbohydrates can induce hepatosteatosis in fish. This study investigated the effects of salidroside (Sal) supplementation of high-carbohydrate (HC) diets on the growth, hepatic fatty acid oxidation, and lipid metabolism of largemouth bass, .

The parallel mediation effects of nutrition, physical activity on depression and sarcopenia risk among older people with diabetes.

Background: Depression and sarcopenia pose significant health challenges for older adults with diabetes. While previous studies have established a positive association between depression and the risk of sarcopenia, the underlying mechanisms driving this relationship remain poorly understood.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between depression and sarcopenia risk in older adults with diabetes, with a particular focus on the potential mediating roles of nutrition and physical activity.

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices to Periodontal Health of the Northeast Chinese Public: Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Periodontitis affects approximately 50% of adults in China and is a leading cause of tooth loss in this population. However, there is a notable paucity of research on knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to periodontitis among patients in Northeast China.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the KAP regarding periodontitis among populations in Northeast China, focusing on 5 demographic factors: gender, age, income, education level, and region.

Normobaric Hyperoxia Induces Time-Dependent Hemodynamic Fluctuations in the Middle Cerebral Artery and Cortical Damage in Neonatal Rats.

Objective: To assess the feasibility of cranial color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) for monitoring the middle cerebral artery (MCA) hemodynamics and its correlation with histopathological changes in neonatal rats under persistent hyperoxia.

Methods: On postnatal day 1, 48 neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control and hyperoxia groups. MCA hemodynamic parameters were assessed by color Doppler ultrasound at 0 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h post-exposure, followed by systematic analysis of hyperoxia-induced pathological changes in collected brain tissues in the hyperoxia group.

Epidemiological features and risk factors of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection: a retrospective cohort analysis in Xiamen, China.

Background: Recently, surges in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reinfections in China have raised public concern. We investigated the epidemiological features and risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in China.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in Xiamen, China (2021-2023) with two subcohorts: Delta-Omicron (cohort 1) and Omicron-Omicron (cohort 2).

Self-Supervised Visual Tracking via Image Synthesis and Domain Adversarial Learning.

With the widespread use of sensors in applications such as autonomous driving and intelligent security, stable and efficient target tracking from diverse sensor data has become increasingly important. Self-supervised visual tracking has attracted increasing attention due to its potential to eliminate reliance on costly manual annotations; however, existing methods often train on incomplete object representations, resulting in inaccurate localization during inference. In addition, current methods typically struggle when applied to deep networks.

Ultrasonography Combined With Sonoelastography Strain Ratio for the Differentiation of Parotid Masses.

Objectives: Accurate preoperative differentiation of benign and malignant parotid masses is crucial for determining appropriate treatment strategies. We aimed to investigate the value of combining conventional ultrasonography (US) with the measurement of sonoelastographic strain ratio (SR) for the preoperative differentiation of parotid masses.

Methods: We conducted a single-center retrospective study of 514 patients who had undergone excision of parotid gland masses from June 2019 to June 2023.

Serum neonicotinoid insecticides levels and gestational diabetes mellitus: mediation by plasma metabolomic alterations.

As the most extensively utilized pesticides worldwide, neonicotinoid insecticides (NNIs) have underestimated health effects. The link between NNIs exposure and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), especially the mechanisms involving metabolites, remains unclear. We aimed to explore these relationships and identify the metabolomic alterations mediating the NNIs-GDM association.

Autophagic regulation of ferroportin 1 induces developmental ferroptosis in rice blast.

The rice blast fungus, , imposes a great threat to global food security. Autophagic cell death of conidium is essential for appressorium-mediated host invasion during pathogenesis. Our recent study revealed that ferroptosis, potentially regulated by macroautophagy/autophagy, is responsible for conidial death during appressorium formation and maturation.

Silybin modulates hepato-intestinal redox/immune homeostasis and lipid turnover via AMPK/Nrf2/NF-κB crosstalk in juvenile largemouth bass fed high-energy diets.

Due to rising costs of feed ingredients such as fishmeal, intensive aquaculture increasingly relies on low-cost energy sources like carbohydrates and fats. However, excessive intake can adversely affect growth performance and physiological functions in farmed fish. Silybin (Si), a natural compound with known hepatoprotective, antioxidant, lipid-lowering, and anti-inflammatory properties, may help counteract these adverse effects.

TcJAMYC5 positively regulates paclitaxel biosynthesis in Taxus chinensis var. Mairei.

Paclitaxel is an important natural anticancer drug. Its biosynthesis is very complex and 18 enzymes likely involved have been characterized. However, the regulatory mechanism of these enzyme genes still remains to be elucidated.

Association between sleep disorder and delirium in adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Compared to non-cardiac surgical patients, those undergoing cardiac surgery exhibit a higher prevalence of sleep disturbances and delirium, yet limited research has specifically examined this association in the cardiac surgical population. This study investigates the association between sleep disorders and the risk of delirium in patients after cardiac surgery, aiming to raise public awareness of the relationship.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study utilized data from the MIMIC-IV database.

Monolithic 3D-printed dielectric horn-lens antenna for terahertz waveguide-free space coupling.

Horn antennas are pivotal couplers for terahertz (THz) waveguide transmission systems, yet conventional designs usually prioritize the far-field performance mainly considering the long-distance wireless communication and radar applications, often overlooking the near-field beam pattern optimization. Here, we present a monolithic polymer-based THz horn-lens system fabricated via liquid-crystal display stereolithography (LCD-SLA) 3D printing. Through the structurally designed stepped gradient and the geometric focusing advantage of the lens, a near-Gaussian emission beam without sidelobes is achieved.

Transcriptomics combined with physiological analysis provides insights into the mechanism of resistance to in .

Introduction: (Orchidaceae) is a valuable traditional Chinese medicinal plant prized for its dried rhizomes. However, its cultivation faces significant challenges from leaf rust disease caused by , which causes substantial yield losses.

Methods: To investigate host resistance mechanisms, we compared rust-resistant and susceptible accessions through integrated transcriptomic and physiological analyses.

Natural Products and Health Care Functions of .

With the increasing attention of modern medicine to natural medicinal agents, (chaga), a macrofungus with remarkable medicinal value, has gradually garnered widespread academic interest. This paper reviews the primary bioactive components of in recent years, including polysaccharides, phenolic compounds, and triterpenoids, which exhibit diverse pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antitumor activities. It further discusses how these bioactive components enhance human health and disease resistance through distinct biological mechanisms, such as the activation of antioxidant systems, regulation of immune responses, and modulation of apoptosis pathways.

High-accuracy lung sound classification for healthy versus unhealthy diagnosis using artificial neural network.

Introduction: In recent years, advancements in machine learning and electronic stethoscope technology have enabled high-precision recording and analysis of lung sounds, significantly enhancing pulmonary disease diagnosis.

Methods: This study presents a comprehensive approach to classify lung sounds into healthy and unhealthy categories using a dataset collected from 112 subjects, comprising 35 healthy individuals and 77 patients with various pulmonary conditions, such as asthma, heart failure, pneumonia, bronchitis, pleural effusion, lung fibrosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), grouped as unhealthy. The dataset was obtained using a 3M Littmann® Electronic Stethoscope Model 3,200, employing three types of filters (Bell, Diaphragm, and Extended) to capture sounds across different frequency ranges.

The incidence and risk factors of uveitis in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA): a meta -analysis and literature review.

Background: Uveitis is a serious complication of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Despite its seriousness, a comprehensive understanding of its incidence and early risk factors remains elusive. This knowledge gap poses challenges for formulating tailored clinical early identification and prevention strategies.

sEntIMeldCL: Enhancing explicit knowledge via Uniform-based Implicit Contrastive Mechanism for Aspect-Level Sentiment Analysis.

Aspect-level sentiment analysis (ALSA) is a fine-grained task which consists of aspect terms and sentiment polarities within sentences. Numerous research studies only focus on the syntactical dependencies between words, ignoring the impact of negations on sentiment polarity. Several pre-trained augmentation models play an essential role in solving this problem.