Tissue metabolomics reveals metabolic dysregulation associated with intimal hyperplasia in arteriovenous fistula stenosis.

Objective: This study performed untargeted LC-MS metabolomics on venous tissues from maintenance hemodialysis patients undergoing arteriovenous fistula (AVF) reconstruction surgery.

Methods: A total of six stenotic and six non-stenotic AVF tissues were analyzed. Paired samples were collected from stenotic AVF segments and non-stenotic regions (control group).

Identifying driving mechanisms and relationships between supply and demand of ecosystem services based on structural equation model in the upstream segment of the Yangtze River.

The upstream regions of the Yangtze River serve as a vital ecological barrier in China, playing a key role in maintaining ecological functions while also supporting regional economic development. The supply and demand of ecosystem services (ESSD) form a dynamic link between natural ecosystems and human society, and their balance is essential for sustaining ecosystem functionality and achieving long-term development goals. However, the spatial distribution and driving mechanisms of ESSD in this region remain insufficiently understood.

Tripartite evolutionary game model for recycling strategies of decommissioned wind and solar energy equipment.

The global volume of decommissioned components from wind turbines and solar photovoltaic (PV) equipment is projected to exceed 30 million tons by 2030, posing a significant challenge for their disposal and recycling. The issue of managing these components remains largely unresolved. While existing research primarily focuses on technical aspects, few studies address policies and recycling mechanisms.

The molecular mechanisms of quinolone resistance in Salmonella: a review.

Salmonella is an important foodborne pathogen, and its quinolone resistance poses a considerable threat to public health. This review comprehensively analyzes various quinolone resistance mechanisms of Salmonella, including mutations in genes encoding drug targets, export of quinolones by efflux pump systems, decrease in Salmonella cell permeability, and the formation of special physiological states. The gyrA and parC are two important genes encoding the drug targets of quinolones, and their genetic mutations result in the drug targets being unable to be recognized by quinolones.

Smart phosphor with neuromorphic behaviors enabling full-photoluminescent Write and Read for all-optical physical reservoir computing.

The unprecedented growth in information across diverse media drives an urgent need for multifunctional materials and devices beyond conventional electrical paradigms. This work explores all-optical information processing based on photoluminescence functions using smart phosphor. The developed composite phosphor of mixed-halide perovskite embedded macroporous YO:Eu exhibits adaptive photoluminescence variations with neuromorphic characteristics.

Reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species are double-edged swords in Salmonella infection.

Salmonella contains a group of serovars, which are more than just enteropathogenic bacteria but dangerous pathogens causing systemic infection of human, livestock, and poultry. As an innate immune response, inflammation induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) production from host cells in response to Salmonella infection. Generally, ROS and RNS are regarded as bactericidal substances for their ability to oxidize and modify the bacterial biomolecules including proteins, DNA, RNA, lipids, etc.

A novel flexible identity-net with diffusion models for painting-style generation.

Art's unique style and creativity are essential in defining a work's identity, conveying emotions, and shaping audience perception. Recent advancements in diffusion models have revolutionized art design, animation, and gaming, particularly in generating original artwork and visual identities. However, traditional creative processes face challenges such as slow innovation, high costs, and limited scalability.

Proteomic and Amino Acid Dynamics During Jujube Blackening: Structural Transformations and Maillard Reaction Linkages.

In this study, the structural characteristics of proteins and the amino acid composition during the jujube blackening process were investigated, with a particular focus on their relationship to the Maillard reaction. The reaction induced disruption of protein covalent bonds and altered protein aggregation states, with the most significant structural changes observed at 78 h. Blackened jujube exhibited elevated levels of pyruvate dehydrogenase and a higher content of hydrophobic amino acids compared to hydrophilic ones, both of which facilitated the progression of the Maillard reaction.

Efficient Video Polyp Segmentation by Deformable Alignment and Local Attention.

Accurate and efficient Video Polyp Segmentation (VPS) is vital for the early detection of colorectal cancer and the effective treatment of polyps. However, achieving this remains highly challenging due to the inherent difficulty in modeling the spatial-temporal relationships within colonoscopy videos. Existing methods that directly associate video frames frequently fail to account for variations in polyp or background motion, leading to excessive noise and reduced segmentation accuracy.

Root energy availability controls the fast decrease in root nitrate uptake in response to light intensity decrease.

Photosynthesis determines plant growth, influencing plant nitrogen demand, hence it is also crucial to the regulation of nitrate uptake. It remains unclear how fast plants adjust root nitrate uptake in response to change in photosynthesis. This research aimed to investigate the instantaneous response of root nitrate uptake to shoot photosynthesis.

Plaque-Targeted Delivery of Fluoride-Free MXene Nanozyme for Alleviating Atherosclerosis via Sonocatalytic Therapy.

Atherosclerosis is an oxidative stress-induced chronic inflammatory condition underpinning the progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), ultimately resulting in leading mortality rate globally. Ultrasound (US)-triggered catalysis offers localized treatment for deep-seated plaques effectively and safely, with demand for targeted delivery and anti-inflammatory properties of sonosensitizers. 2D MXene-based nanomedicine is garnering attention because of their intriguing catalytic properties of scavenging excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), yet MXene-assisted sonocatalytic therapy (SCT) for treating CVDs remains scarce.

Spatiotemporal dynamics and driving mechanisms of coupled coordination between rural-urban integration and rural resilience in Southwest China.

The coordinated development of urban-rural integration and rural resilience is of great significance for the achievement of regional sustainable development and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. This study explores the coupled and coordinated evolution between ur-ban-rural integration and rural resilience and its driving mechanism in Southwest China. By constructing an evaluation index system for urban-rural integration development and rural resilience, this research analyses the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of urban-rural integration and rural resilience in Southwest China from 2012 to 2022 by applying the entropy weighting method, comprehensive evaluation model, coordination degree model, and geodetector model.

Xylose-Driven Metabolic Reprogramming in for Enhancing -Coumaric Acid Production.

Xylose, the second most abundant sugar in nature, has garnered increasing attention as a promising carbon source for microbial fermentation in recent years. However, the unpredictable and inefficient metabolism of xylose in has limited its practical application. In this study, we developed a xylotrophic strain through strategic integration of the xylose isomerase pathway, increasing xylose isomerase activity and identifying optimal transporters.

Trends of cotinine and secondhand smoke exposure rates in children and adolescent aged 6-19 years: Impact of race and socioeconomic factors over two decades.

Background: Exposure to smoking or secondhand smoke during childhood and adolescence is linked to various diseases, highlighting the importance of exploring trends in secondhand smoke exposure. Our study examines trends in cotinine (COT) levels and the prevalence of high COT from 1999 to 2020, analyzing the data by gender, age, race, and income level.

Methods: In this analysis, data from ten National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles, conducted from 1999-2000 to 2017-2020, were utilized.

Generative AI Is Not Ready for Clinical Use in Patient Education for Lower Back Pain Patients, Even With Retrieval-Augmented Generation.

Low back pain (LBP) is a leading cause of disability globally. Following the onset of LBP and subsequent treatment, adequate patient education is crucial for improving functionality and long-term outcomes. Despite advancements in patient education strategies, significant gaps persist in delivering personalized, evidence-based information to patients with LBP.

Sucrose-driven carbon redox rebalancing eliminates the Crabtree effect and boosts energy metabolism in yeast.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae primarily generates energy through glycolysis and respiration. However, the manifestation of the Crabtree effect results in substantial carbon loss and energy inefficiency, which significantly diminishes product yield and escalates substrate costs in microbial cell factories. To address this challenge, we introduce the sucrose phosphorolysis pathway and delete the phosphoglucose isomerase gene PGI1, effectively decoupling glycolysis from respiration and facilitating the metabolic transition of yeast to a Crabtree-negative state.

Association between accelerometer-measured physical activity and mortality in cancer survivors: A prospective cohort study from UK Biobank.

Objectives: Postdiagnosis physical activity is an important component of healthy lifestyle in cancer survivors. In this study, we aimed to explore the association between intensity and duration of physical activity measured by wearable accelerometers and mortality among pan-cancer survivors.

Methods: A prospective cohort study involving cancer survivors (n = 11,708) from UK Biobank was performed.

Metabolomics insights into the causal associations between antihypertensive drugs and myocarditis.

Background: The role of various antihypertensive drug classes in myocarditis remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the causal effects of antihypertensive medications on myocarditis and identify potential metabolic pathways.

Methods: We extracted single-nucleotide polymorphisms for systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) from a genome-wide association study (N = 757,601) and screened single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, β-blockers (BB), calcium channel blockers (CCB), and thiazides as instrumental variables.

Predictive Model for Early Neurological Deterioration in Acute Ischemic Stroke Utilizing Novel Thrombotic Biomarkers.

Background: Novel thrombotic molecular markers are significantly linked to acute ischemic stroke (AIS). However, the relationship between thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), tissue plasminogen activator-inhibitor complex (t-PAIC), plasmin-α2 plasmin inhibitor complex (PIC), thrombomodulin (TM), and early neurological deterioration (END) remains unclear. Therefore, we developed a prediction model for END based on these markers and evaluated its accuracy and clinical utility.

Neurodegeneration of local sympathetic inputs promotes colorectal cancer progression.

The nervous system can profoundly influence cancer prognosis, and this frontier of cancer neuroscience has increasingly garnered research attention. However, the involvement of neural signals in colorectal cancer remains incompletely understood. In this study, we exploit advanced three-dimensional imaging and conventional immunohistochemistry to observe a transitional loss of local sympathetic inputs from colorectal adenomas to adenocarcinomas in human patients.

Modulatory effects of black jujube melanoidins on gut microbiota and metabolic pathways in high-fat diet-induced obesity.

Introduction: Obesity, a growing public health issue, is closely associated with excessive energy intake and gut microbiota imbalances. Despite the increasing attention given to black jujube as a blackened fermented food in recent years, the role of its melanoidins (MLD) in obesity-related biological mechanisms has yet to be thoroughly investigated.

Methods: This study investigated the effects of black jujube MLD on obesity induced by a high-fat diet in C57BL/6J mice.

Redox-responsive self-assembled HG-type pectin nanomicelles for alleviating chronic alcoholic liver injury in mice.

This study aimed to develop nanomicelles with redox-responsive properties using HG-type pectin (polygalacturonic acid) as a substrate to enhance the solubility of oleanolic acid (OA) and evaluate their potential application in the prevention of chronic alcoholic liver injury. Three amphiphilic conjugates, PA-OA, PA-S-OA, and PA-SS-OA (PA: polygalacturonic acid; S: 3,3'-thiodipropionic acid; SS: 3,3'-dithiobispropionic acid), were successfully synthesized by carbodiimide chemistry. The amphiphilic conjugates were physicochemically characterized and experimentally validated for efficacy in animal models.

Green development level on provincial-level air logistics: Evidence for spatial network evolution and impact mechanisms from China.

Enhancing the efficiency and green level of air logistics is an effective way to realize the goal of cleaner production in the aviation industry. This study takes 31 provinces in China as an object, merges the airport data of each province, and dynamically analyzes the level of green development and spatial differentiation characteristics of air transportation by using super-efficiency SBM-DEA (slacks-based measure data envelopment analysis). This study considers the actual routes and distances in the air transportation process to construct an air logistics spatial correlation network from the provincial perspective.