Tissue metabolomics reveals metabolic dysregulation associated with intimal hyperplasia in arteriovenous fistula stenosis.

Objective: This study performed untargeted LC-MS metabolomics on venous tissues from maintenance hemodialysis patients undergoing arteriovenous fistula (AVF) reconstruction surgery.

Methods: A total of six stenotic and six non-stenotic AVF tissues were analyzed. Paired samples were collected from stenotic AVF segments and non-stenotic regions (control group).

Development and validation of a multimodal model integrating gut microbiota and metabolite for identifying sarcopenia in patients with MASLD: a study from two centers in China.

Background And Aims: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a common chronic liver disease worldwide, and identifying sarcopenia is critical since it is correlated with poor prognosis. Little is known about mechanistic alterations in the pathogenesis of this condition. This study aimed to explore the alterations in the gut microbiome and metabolome in patients with sarcopenia and develop a predictive model.

Inhibitory activity and mechanism of aryl furan thioesters containing 1,3,4-thiadiazole against Erwinia amylovora.

Background: The Gram-negative bacterium Erwinia amylovora induces fire blight disease in Rosaceae hosts, severely damaging pome fruit trees including pear, apple, and hawthorn cultivars. Traditional control methods, such as antibiotics and copper-based agents, are associated with plant damage and the emergence of resistant bacterial strains, and present significant challenges. This study aims to design and synthesize a novel eco-friendly bactericide.

The T3SS1 Effector VopR Requires the Rac1-Erk1/2 Axis to Inhibit the Host Immune Response to Vibrio parahaemolyticus.

Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus) has been an emerging foodborne pathogen prevalent worldwide for decades, primarily due to the impact of climate change. The food safety concerns associated with V.

Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of disulfides based on garlic extract against rice bacterial leaf blight caused by Pantoea ananatis.

Background: Rice, a staple food crop for half of the global population, faces severe threats from bacterial leaf blight caused by the pathogen Pantoea ananatis. The conventional chemical control strategy poses significant environmental risks and contributes to resistance development, thus necessitating the discovery of eco-friendly antimicrobial agents with enhanced cost-effectiveness. Although disulfides derived from garlic exhibit broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, their molecular instability limits practical applications.

Correlations of serum myostatin and irisin with sarcopenia and osteoporosis in rheumatoid arthritis patients: a cross-sectional study.

Myostatin and irisin, the key regulators of muscle metabolism, are myokines secreted by skeletal muscles that significantly influence osteoporosis (OP) and sarcopenia. This study investigated the associations of serum myostatin and irisin levels with sarcopenia and OP prevalence in 182 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) versus 142 healthy controls. RA patients exhibited significantly elevated serum myostatin (P = 0.

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Disulfides Based on Garlic Extract as Type III Secretion System Inhibitors against .

Fire blight, caused by , poses a significant threat to rosaceous plants, such as pears, apples, and hawthorns. The type III secretion system (T3SS) is a critical pathogenicity factor in the pathogenesis of . Disulfide compounds, including those derived from garlic extract, exhibit good bioactivity against both bacteria and fungi.

Fabrication and Optoelectronic Properties of Advanced Quinary Amorphous Oxide Semiconductor InGaZnSnO Thin Film.

As the typical representative of amorphous oxide semiconductors (AOS), quaternary indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) has been applied as the active layer of thin-film transistors (TFTs), but their mobility is still low (usually ~10 cm/Vs). IGTO is reported to have larger mobility owing to the addition of Tin (Sn) in IZO. So, whether Sn doping can increase the optoelectronic properties of IGZO is a new topic worth studying.

Carbon emission reduction in cement production catalyzed by steel solid waste.

This study presents a novel method for reducing carbon emissions in cement production by using steel solid waste as a catalyst, offering a sustainable and cost-effective solution for environmental challenges.

Social network sites usage, cyberbullying perpetration, and adolescent depression: A cross-lagged panel analysis.

Objective: Existing research on the relationships between social network sites (SNS) usage, cyberbullying perpetration, and adolescent depression has predominantly employed cross-sectional methodologies. Limited studies have delved into the bidirectional dynamics among these variables. This study aimed to fill this gap by employing a longitudinal approach to examine the reciprocal associations between SNS usage, cyberbullying perpetration, and adolescent depression.

An ultra-violet and infrared dual-band photodetector using a GaO thin film and HgTe colloidal quantum dots.

Dual-band photodetection of ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) light is an advanced technology aimed at simultaneously or selectively detecting signals from these two distinct wavelength bands. This technique offers broad application prospects, particularly in environments requiring multispectral information. In this work, a solar-blind UV photodetector made from an amorphous GaO (a-GaO) thin film was combined with a short-wave infrared photodetector made from a HgTe colloidal quantum dot (CQD) film.

Mg-doped α-GaO Nanorods for the Construction of Photoelectrochemical-Type Self-Powered Solar Blind UV Photodetectors and Underwater Imaging Application.

Underwater imaging technologies are increasingly crucial for environmental monitoring and resource exploration. However, the development of advanced photodetectors for such applications faces significant challenges, including interference from ambient visible and infrared light, adaptation to underwater environments, and cost-effectiveness. Photoelectrochemical-type solar-blind photodetectors (PEC-SBPDs) based on wide bandgap semiconductors have shown great promise in overcoming these challenges.

Exploring psychological dimensions of augmented reality in education: a study on learning motivation and achievement in museums.

Augmented reality (AR) has gained significant attention and is being increasingly utilized to enrich the learning experience of museum visitors. This study explores the psychological dimensions of AR in education, focusing on learning motivation and academic achievement in museums. A quantitative research study was carried out, encompassing a survey of 266 visitors at the Wuhan Natural History Museum.

Catalyst-Free Polymorphic β-GaO Nanomaterials for Solar-Blind Optoelectronic Devices: Applications in Imaging and Neural Communication.

The continuous advancements in ultraviolet-C (UV-C) optoelectronics are poised to meet the growing demand for efficient and innovative optoelectronic devices, particularly in image sensing and neural communication. This study proposes a low-cost tube sealing and muffle calcination process for the catalyst-free synthesis of polymorphic β-GaO nanomaterials. These nanomaterials are synthesized via a vapor-solid (VS) growth mechanism, enabling the formation of high-quality nanowires (NWs), nanobelts (NBs), and nanosheets (NSs).

High-Performance Broad-Spectrum UV Photodetectors with Uniform Response: Engineering β-GaO:Si/GaN:Si Heterojunctions via Thermal Oxidation for Optoelectronic Logic Gate and Multispectral Imaging.

Developing high-performance, broad-spectrum ultraviolet photodetectors (PDs) with uniform response is crucial for optoelectronic applications like spectral analysis, optoelectronic logic gates, and multispectral imaging. This study constructs n-n type β-GaO:Si/GaN:Si heterojunction PDs using thermal oxidation, combining the advantages of β-GaO:Si and GaN:Si for excellent broad-spectrum response (UV-A to UV-C). A proposed channel model for GaN:Si oxidation includes hole formation, vortex structure development, channel formation, and grain growth, providing a basis for understanding β-GaO:Si/GaN:Si heterojunction formation.

Metformin alleviates colitis-associated colorectal cancer via inhibition of the TLR4/MyD88/NFκB/MAPK pathway and macrophage M2 polarization.

Background: Colon inflammation plays an essential role in the development and progression of colorectal cancer. Emerging evidence from clinical and animal studies indicates that metformin may reduce the risk of colorectal cancer through its anti-inflammatory effects.

Aims: To investigate the efficacy of metformin in reducing the risk of colorectal cancer and the possible pathways and mechanisms.

Balancing Carrier Dynamics in Oxygen-Vacancy-Tuned Amorphous GaO Thin-Film Self-Powered Photoelectrochemical-Type Solar-Blind Photodetector Arrays for Underwater Imaging.

Underwater imaging technology plays a pivotal role in marine exploration and reconnaissance, necessitating photodetectors (PDs) with high responsivity, fast response speed, and low preparation costs. This study presents the synergistic optimization of responsivity and response speed in self-powered photoelectrochemical (PEC)-type photodetector arrays based on oxygen-vacancy-tuned amorphous gallium oxide (a-GaO) thin films, specifically designed for solar-blind underwater detection. Utilizing a low-cost one-step sputtering process with controlled oxygen flow, a-GaO thin films with varying oxygen vacancy (V) concentrations are fabricated.

Barrier Polarity Reversal Based on Interfacial Modification of Au Nanoparticles for Nonvolatile Multilevel Memory and Optoelectronic Synapses.

Optoelectronic synaptic devices, integrating light sensing and information processing capabilities, have emerged as advantageous tools for the implementation of visual neuromorphic computing. However, the transient light-triggered response characteristic typically results in unstable memory retention times and restricted current response ranges, posing significant challenges to the development and practical application of neural network systems. In response to these limitations, this study developed a nonvolatile optoelectronic memory based on the indium tin oxide (ITO)/Au nanoparticles (NPs)/amorphous GaO (a-GaO)/Pt structure.

A study on the determination of the metabolites of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene using a dual-drift tube ion mobility spectrometer.

2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) and its four metabolites, namely 2-ADNT, 4-ADNT, 2,4-DANT, and 2,6-DANT, are highly toxic substances. These metabolites also serve as biomarkers for assessing the health of individuals exposed to TNT. In this study, a homemade DDT-IMS apparatus was utilized to detect these metabolites.

Bismuth Iron Oxide Catalysts for Efficient CO Electroreduction to Formate.

Renewable energy-driven electrocatalytic CO reduction reaction (CORR) over bismuth-based catalysts shows great promise for converting CO into formic acid and formate while closing the carbon cycle. Herein, we report a high-performance BiFeO/BiFeO precatalyst, which delivers a formate partial current density of 359.8 mA cm and a formate formation rate of 6.

Antimicrobial Resistance and New Antimicrobial Agents, A Review of the Literature.

Antibiotic resistance has progressively diminished the effectiveness of conventional antibiotics, necessitating the cessation of clinical treatment. Consequently, novel antibacterial agents are urgently needed. We review studies on antimicrobial agents published during 2002-2023.

Data-Driven Design of Triple-Targeted Protein Nanoprobes for Multiplexed Imaging of Cancer Lymphatic Metastasis.

Targeted imaging of cancer lymphatic metastasis remains challenging due to its highly heterogeneous molecular and phenotypic diversity. Herein, triple-targeted protein nanoprobes capable of specifically binding to three targets for imaging cancer lymphatic metastasis, through a data-driven design approach combined with a synthetic biology-based assembly strategy, are introduced. Specifically, to address the diversity of metastatic lymph nodes (LNs), a combination of three targets, including C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), transferrin receptor protein 1 (TfR1), and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR3) is identified, leveraging machine leaning-based bioinformatics analysis and examination of LN tissues from patients with gastric cancer.

The prognostic value of LAYN in HPV-related head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and its influence on immune cell infiltration.

Background: HPV-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) exhibits different characteristics from HPV-negative tumors in terms of tumor development, clinical features, treatment response, and prognosis. Layilin (LAYN), which contains homology with C-type lectins, plays a critical role in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. However, the prognostic value of LAYN and the relationship between LAYN and immune infiltration levels in HPV-related HNSCC patients still require a comprehensive understanding.

Abstract or concrete? The impact of regional typicality and advertising appeal types on consumption intention toward geographical indication products.

The essential characteristic of geographical indication products is the association of the products with their region of origin. However, consumers have different associations between products and their region of origin (i.e.