Panaxadiol acts as an HIF-1α inhibitor to suppress H9N2-induced inflammation.

The H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) represents a considerable threat to both poultry industries and public health, not only due to its widespread prevalence but also because of its potential to facilitate the emergence of more virulent influenza strains through genetic reassortment. Recent studies have highlighted the pivotal role of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) in viral pathogenesis, immune modulation, and the regulation of inflammatory responses, positioning it as a promising target for antiviral strategies. In this study, we identified that HIF-1α actively contributes to the inflammatory response triggered by H9N2 AIV infection in MH-S cells.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa-driven airway dysbiosis and machine learning prediction of acute exacerbations in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis: a microbial-inflammatory signature approach.

Background: While Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) colonization is linked to poor outcomes in bronchiectasis, emerging evidence suggests that microbial community collapse-marked by diversity loss and depletion of commensal taxa-may better reflect disease progression than pathogen load alone. This study investigates whether airway microbiota dysbiosis driven by PA colonization induces ecological fragility and evaluates the predictive utility of integrating microbial diversity indices with systemic inflammation markers to forecast 1-year acute exacerbation risk using interpretable machine learning.

Methods: Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples from 23 patients (8 PA-colonized, 15 non-colonized) underwent 16 S rRNA gene sequencing.

Ciliated cells promote high infectious potential of influenza A virus through the efficient intracellular activation of hemagglutinin.

Influenza viruses utilize host proteases to activate the viral fusion protein, hemagglutinin (HA), into its fusion-competent form. Although proteolytic activation of HA is essential for virus replication, the cell-type dependence of HA activation within the airway epithelium and the subcellular location(s) in which it occurs are not well established. To address these questions, we investigated the proteolytic activation of HA in differentiated human airway epithelial cells using contemporary and historical H1N1 and H3N2 strains.

Reducing PM2.5 Exposure Lowers Dyslipidemia Risk: A Longitudinal Quasi-Experimental Study.

Evidence demonstrating the beneficial effects of improved air quality on lipid health is scarce. This study addresses this gap by examining whether reducing PM2.5 exposure can decrease the risk of dyslipidemia.

Decoding plant cell types across species: A blueprint for gene discovery.

Uncovering plant cell types and regulatory genes across species has long been a challenge. Writing in Cell, Xue et al. present single-cell atlases for six vascular plants and identify conserved "cell-type foundational genes.

Progress in the application of epimedium and its major bioactive components in the treatment of orthopedic diseases.

Epimedium brevicornu (Yin Yang Huo), a widely used traditional Chinese medicinal ingredient, has garnered significant attention for its role in treating orthopedic diseases such as osteoporosis. Our work through network pharmacology and bioinformatics analysis, we identified that out of 27 major active components in Epimedium brevicornu, 8 key components have therapeutic effects on 11 types of diseases related to orthopedic conditions. The disease-target association analysis indicated that Osteoarthritis, Osteoporosis, Muscle Spasm and Myopathy have relatively clear targets for disease treatment.

A mouse model for hemoglobin SC disease recapitulates characteristic human pathologies.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a common, life-threatening group of disorders caused by missense mutations in the b-globin gene (HBB). Mouse models have helped to elucidate the most common form of SCD (HbSS, homozygous p.Glu6Val) and develop new therapies.

Autologous platelet-rich plasma dual-network hydrogel promotes human endometrial regeneration.

Intrauterine perfusion of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is often used for the treatment of intrauterine adhesions (IUA). However, the further application of PRP is limited by its difficulty in attaching to the endometrial surface and its inability to release growth factors persistently. Therefore, in this study, a dual-network (DN) hydrogel was prepared by using hyaluronate gel as the matrix and cross-linked PRP, which was applied to the clinical treatment of IUA.

Radical 1,2-Boron Shift-Enabled Synthesis of β-Thioalkylboronic Esters from β-Boryl NHPI Esters.

A novel protocol for synthesizing β-thioalkylboronic esters via decarboxylative functionalization of β-boronic acid-derived -hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) esters is reported. This transformation proceeds under mild conditions with a broad substrate scope and facilitates versatile product derivatization. Mechanistic investigations confirm a radical-mediated 1,2-boron migration pathway.

Time to strengthen the governance of new contaminants in the environment.

Despite existing regulations, many emerging environmental contaminants remain ungoverned, posing serious risks to ecosystems and human health. Here, we outline governance challenges and propose a global roadmap for their regulation. Proactive identification, risk assessment, and international collaboration are urgently needed to close regulatory gaps and ensure a safer, healthier environment for all.

Targeting PARK7: Sodium 4-Phenylbutyrate shields endothelial cells from oxidative stress and GSDME-mediated Pyroptosis in acute lung injury.

The mechanisms of endothelial cell injury in acute lung injury (ALI) remain unclear, and effective interventional strategies targeting endothelial cells are limited. Sodium 4-phenylbutyrate (Na-PBA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, can potentially reduce oxidative damage. Its effects on pyroptosis and its relationship with PARK7, a redox-regulating protein, remain unclear.

Comparative Efficiency of High-Throughput Magnetic Bead Method and Polyethylene Glycol Precipitation for Viral Concentration in Sewage.

Monitoring viral loads in sewage can reflect the prevalence of infections within communities to a certain extent. Methods for concentrating and enriching viruses in sewage are also rapidly evolving. The magnetic bead method has been widely adopted for nucleic acid extraction due to its simplicity and high efficiency.

Mutant IDH silences GSX2 to reprogram neural progenitor cell fate and promote gliomagenesis.

Isocitrate dehydrogenase ( ) mutations arise early in gliomas and are associated with a defined neurodevelopmental cancer cell hierarchy. However, how mutant IDH contributes to this hierarchy and whether this interaction promotes gliomagenesis remain unclear. We captured the dynamics of IDH-mutant glioma initiation in genetically engineered mice through time-resolved, single-cell genomics.

New insights into the responding mechanism of Eriocheir sinensis hepatopancreas under nanoplastics and copper stress by transcriptome analysis.

Nanoplastics (NPs) possess adsorptive properties and can interact with pollutants such as heavy metals, raising concerns about their toxicological effects on aquatic organisms. However, systematic evaluations of the mechanisms underlying the impact of these pollutants on crustaceans are limited. To investigate the combined toxicological effects of NPs and copper (Cu), Eriocheir sinensis were exposed to 0.

Simplified Proximal Biceps Tenodesis in Double-Row Fixation of Rotator Cuff Repair.

The long head of the biceps is a common pain generator in the shoulder that is often managed surgically with tenotomy or tenodesis. Although the clinical outcomes after the 2 techniques are comparable, tenodesis is generally performed in relatively young and active patients to avoid tenotomy-related complications, such as cosmetic deformity, early fatigue, and cramping. This Technical Note describes a proximal biceps tenodesis coanchored with the anchor of the lateral row in rotator cuff repair.

ThDP-dependent enzyme catalyzed oxidation of aldehydes.

Natural thiamine diphosphate (ThDP)-dependent enzymes are frequently utilized to catalyze the decarboxylation of β-keto acids and the benzoin condensation of aldehydes. Herein, we present a ThDP-dependent enzymatic oxidation of aldehydes mediated by sequential single electron transfer (SET) processes, utilizing hexachloroethane (CCl) as the oxidant. The reaction exhibits high efficiency (yield up to 99% and turnover number up to 2000) and achieves effective stereoselective control for dynamic kinetic resolutions (e.

[Research Progress on the Extraction, Qualitative, and Quantitative Methods of Microplastics in Biological Samples].

Microplastics （MPs）, which usually refer to plastic fragments, particles, or fibers with a diameter or length of less than 5 mm, are contaminants of emerging concern （CECs） that have a significant impact on the ecological system. MPs have been widely detected in the soil, surface water, ocean, and atmosphere. These MPs could accumulate in organisms via absorption and/or ingestion, transfer along the food chain, and ultimately pose a threat to the health of higher trophic organisms and even human beings.

Novel three-dimensional electrical impedance tomography for noninvasive detection of lung perfusion.

Background: Non-invasive bedside detection of pulmonary ventilation and perfusion remains a challenge. Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) uses a differential imaging technique to reconstruct images of lung ventilation and perfusion. Conventional methods of perfusion signal acquisition are achieved by breath-holding and hypertonic saline injection, limiting its widespread application.

Transcriptome and Endogenous Hormones Reveal the Regulatory Mechanism of Flower Development in .

is an endemic species within the genus that exhibits the trait of summer flowering, which is of significant ornamental and research value. Nevertheless, research on the regulatory mechanisms of flower formation in is still limited, so in this study, transcriptome sequencing and analysis of endogenous hormone contents were conducted at three distinct growth stages: floral induction, floral organ maturation, and anthesis. Illumina sequencing yielded a total of 20,643 high-quality unigenes.

Multi-view Hand Reconstruction with a Point-Embedded Transformer.

This work introduces a novel and generalizable multi-view Hand Mesh Reconstruction (HMR) model, named POEM, designed for practical use in real-world hand motion capture scenarios. The advances of the POEM model consist of two main aspects. First, concerning the modeling of the problem, we propose embedding a static basis point within the multi-view stereo space.

Bioadhesive chitosan hydrogel with dynamic covalent bonds and sustained kartogenin release for endogenous cartilage regeneration.

Articular cartilage defects are clinically prevalent yet lack effective therapeutic solutions. Recent advancements in acellular cartilage tissue engineering combined with microfracture techniques have shown promising outcomes. Injectable hydrogels have emerged as particularly attractive scaffolds due to their minimally invasive implantation and capacity to conform to irregular cartilage defects.

Dual-wavelength twin-pulse laser at 912 and 1064 nm without gain competition.

We employed a high-repetition-rate quasi-three-level 912 nm pulsed laser as the gain-switched pump source, generated by an : laser gain medium and a : saturable absorber. The 912 nm laser directly pumps the : crystal within the resonator. For the first time, to our knowledge, we achieved a high-repetition-rate dual-wavelength twin-pulse laser output at 912 and 1064 nm without gain competition.

1 × 3 ultra-wideband photonic crystal waveguide power splitter designed by the downhill simplex algorithm.

An ultra-wideband 1×3 beam splitter based on a two-dimensional photonic crystal waveguide is proposed. Different splitting ratios can be achieved by optimizing the radii and offsets of six control dielectric rods. To improve optimization efficiency and splitting performance, the downhill simplex optimization algorithm is used to inverse-design the ultra-wideband 1×3 photonic crystal beam splitter structure.

Multidimensional Biodiversity Framework Reveals Divergent Responses of Benthic Organisms to Multiple Stressors in a Highly Urbanized River Basin.

Freshwater biodiversity faces an unprecedented decline from multiple stressors, yet conventional assessment approaches often inadequately capture complex ecological responses, especially in heavily urbanized river systems. Here we implemented a multidimensional biodiversity framework in China's most urbanized basin─the Pearl River Basin─to investigate how macroinvertebrate and diatom communities respond to spatial factors and multiple stressors across climatic, hydrological, water quality, and land-use gradients. Based on two-year surveys at 50 sites (2020-2021), we found that (1) Basin-scale α-diversity increased longitudinally, whereas β-diversity decreased, with macroinvertebrates showing pronounced diversity attenuation in urbanized middle and downstream; (2) Spatial factors explained 61.