Pseudomonas aeruginosa-driven airway dysbiosis and machine learning prediction of acute exacerbations in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis: a microbial-inflammatory signature approach.

Background: While Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) colonization is linked to poor outcomes in bronchiectasis, emerging evidence suggests that microbial community collapse-marked by diversity loss and depletion of commensal taxa-may better reflect disease progression than pathogen load alone. This study investigates whether airway microbiota dysbiosis driven by PA colonization induces ecological fragility and evaluates the predictive utility of integrating microbial diversity indices with systemic inflammation markers to forecast 1-year acute exacerbation risk using interpretable machine learning.

Methods: Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples from 23 patients (8 PA-colonized, 15 non-colonized) underwent 16 S rRNA gene sequencing.

Baseline characteristics of patients in the Chinese Bronchiectasis Registry (BE-China): a multicentre prospective cohort study.

Background: Bronchiectasis is a disease with a global impact, but most published data come from high-income countries. We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of patients with bronchiectasis in China.

Methods: The Chinese Bronchiectasis Registry (BE-China) is a prospective, observational cohort enrolling patients from 111 hospitals in China.

A phase 4 multicentre, 2×2 factorial randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to investigate the efficacy and safety of tobramycin inhalation solution for eradication in bronchiectasis: ERASE.

Chronic (PA) infection significantly contributes to morbidity and mortality in bronchiectasis patients. Initiating antibiotics early may lead to the eradication of PA. Here we outline the design of a trial (ERASE; NCT06093191) assessing the efficacy and safety of inhaled tobramycin, alone or with oral ciprofloxacin, in bronchiectasis patients with a new isolation of PA.

The efficacy of hydrogen/oxygen therapy favored the recovery of omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant infection: results of a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial.

Clinical studies had found that hydrogen/oxygen mixed inhalation was beneficial to ameliorate the respiratory symptoms in the adjuvant treatment of patients with COVID-19. We aimed to explore the efficacy of hydrogen/oxygen therapy in favoring the recovery of Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant infection. There were 64 patients who randomly assigned to receive hydrogen/oxygen inhalation (32 patients) and oxygen inhalation (32 patients).

A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Phase 3 Trial of Tobramycin Inhalation Solution in Adults With Bronchiectasis With Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection.

Background: Few large-scale studies have demonstrated the efficacy of tobramycin nebulization in bronchiectasis. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of nebulized tobramycin inhalation solution (TIS) in adults with bronchiectasis with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.

Research Question: Can TIS effectively reduce sputum P aeruginosa density and improve the bronchiectasis-specific quality of life in patients with bronchiectasis with P aeruginosa infection?

Study Design And Methods: This was a phase 3, 16-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Research advances and clinical management of bronchiectasis: Chinese perspective.

Bronchiectasis is a debilitating chronic suppurative airway disease that confers a substantial burden globally. Despite the notable prevalence, research on bronchiectasis in mainland China remains in its infancy. Nevertheless, there has been a significant leap in the quantity and quality of research, which has contributed to the ever-improving clinical practice.

The Controversy About the Effects of Different Doses of Corticosteroid Treatment on Clinical Outcomes for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Patients: An Observational Study.

Corticosteroid usage in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains controversial. We aim to explore the correlation between the different doses of corticosteroid administration and the prognosis of ARDS. All patients were diagnosed with ARDS on initial hospital admission and received systemic corticosteroid treatment for ARDS.

Hydrogen/oxygen therapy for the treatment of an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group controlled trial.

Background: To investigate whether the administration of hydrogen/oxygen mixture was superior to oxygen in improving symptoms in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD).

Methods: This prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial in 10 centres enrolled patient with AECOPD and a Breathlessness, Cough, and Sputum Scale (BCSS) score of at least 6 points. Eligible patients were randomly assigned (in a 1:1 ratio) to receive either hydrogen/oxygen mixture or oxygen therapy.

Titration and follow-up for home noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: The potential role of tele-monitoring and the Internet of things.

Introduction: Home noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) has become a well-established treatment for stable hypercapnic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. There are still other challenges including appropriate titration of ventilator parameters, adequacy of follow-up, monitoring, and management at home to ensure effectiveness and security, and to improve quality of life. The Internet of Things (IoT) is the name given to the network of devices and other "things" with built-in sensors, software, electronics, and network connectivity, which can communicate these objects over wireless networks and then send data to a cloud platform.

Stool-based Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra assay as a tool for detecting pulmonary tuberculosis in children with abnormal chest imaging: A prospective cohort study.

Objectives: To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of stool-based Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra assay versus other assays for the detection of paediatric pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB).

Methods: A prospective head-to-head comparative study was conducted from Dec 2017 to May 2019 in Shanghai Public Health Clinical Centre. Samples were collected from children (< 15 years) with abnormal chest imaging (X-ray or CT scan) results for the following tests: Ultra on stool sample (Ultra-Stool), Ultra on respiratory tract sample (Ultra-RTS), Xpert MTB/RIF assay (Xpert) on RTS (Xpert-RTS), acid-fast bacilli smear on RTS (AFB-RTS), and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) culture on RTS (Culture-RTS).

Fasting inhibits aerobic glycolysis and proliferation in colorectal cancer via the Fdft1-mediated AKT/mTOR/HIF1α pathway suppression.

Evidence suggests that fasting exerts extensive antitumor effects in various cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the mechanism behind this response is unclear. We investigate the effect of fasting on glucose metabolism and malignancy in CRC.

Association between age and clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19.

https://bit.ly/34DTI05

Lactate dehydrogenase as a prognostic marker of renal transplant recipients with severe community-acquired pneumonia: a 10-year retrospective study.

Background: Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is an easily accessible biological marker that has been associated with several pulmonary disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of serum LDH in renal transplant recipients with severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).

Methods: A total of 77 renal transplant recipients with severe CAP admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) were screened for eligibility in this retrospective study.

Development and validation of nomogram estimating post-surgery hospital stay of lung cancer patients: relevance for predictive, preventive, and personalized healthcare strategies.

Objective: In the era of fast track surgery, early and accurately estimating whether postoperative length of stay (p-LOS) will be prolonged after lung cancer surgery is very important, both for patient's discharge planning and hospital bed management. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) are very valuable routine examinations which should not be underutilized before lung cancer surgery. Thus, this study aimed to establish an accurate but simple prediction tool, based on PFTs, for achieving a personalized prediction of prolonged p-LOS in patients following lung resection.

Prevalence of and risk factors for presenting initial respiratory symptoms in patients undergoing surgery for lung cancer.

Patients with early stage lung cancer seldom present initial respiratory symptoms, causing a delayed diagnosis and missed opportunity to receive operation. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of initial respiratory symptoms and identity what factors would predispose lung cancer patients to present initial respiratory symptoms in patients undergoing lung cancer surgery. A retrospective chart review was conducted on 3,203 patients undergoing surgery for primary lung cancer.

Characteristics of circular RNA expression in lung tissues from mice with hypoxia‑induced pulmonary hypertension.

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a life‑threatening lung disease, characterized by an increase in pulmonary arterial pressure caused by vasoconstriction and vascular remodeling. The pathogenesis of PH is not fully understood, and there is a lack of potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with PH. Non‑coding RNAs with a characteristic covalently closed loop structure, termed circular RNAs (circRNAs), are present in a number of pulmonary diseases.

Status of coexisting chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its clinicopathological features in patients undergoing lung cancer surgery: a cross-sectional study of 3,006 cases.

Background: Lung cancer is often complicated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Coexistence of COPD has significant impacts on the decision-making process for lung cancer surgery as well as the postoperative effects. This study aimed to investigate the status of coexisting COPD and analyze its clinicopathological characteristics in lung cancer patients undergoing surgical resection.

Impaired self-healing capacity in airway epithelia lacking aquaporin-3.

In this study, we utilized AQP3-knockout mice as the in vivo model and AQP3-knockdown human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) as the in vitro model. Airway injury was experimentally induced by intra-tracheal injection of naphthalene. HE staining, transmission and scanning electron microscope were performed to evaluate self-healing capacity in vivo.

Role of a serum-based biomarker panel in the early diagnosis of lung cancer for a cohort of high-risk patients.

Background: This study applied a combined cancer biomarker panel to clinically identify small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in a high-risk population.

Methods: The serum levels of 4 biomarkers (progastrin-releasing peptide [ProGRP], carcinoembryonic antigen [CEA], squamous cell carcinoma antigen [SCC], and cytokeratin 19 fragment [CYFRA21-1]) were determined in 153 patients with a high risk of lung cancer (12 with a new diagnosis of SCLC, 52 with NSCLC, and 89 without lung cancer). Information about diagnosis delays was collected through interviews of all participants.

An estimation of mechanical stress on alveolar walls during repetitive alveolar reopening and closure.

Alveolar overdistension and mechanical stresses generated by repetitive opening and closing of small airways and alveoli have been widely recognized as two primary mechanistic factors that may contribute to the development of ventilator-induced lung injury. A long-duration exposure of alveolar epithelial cells to even small, shear stresses could lead to the changes in cytoskeleton and the production of inflammatory mediators. In this paper, we have made an attempt to estimate in situ the magnitudes of mechanical stresses exerted on the alveolar walls during repetitive alveolar reopening by using a tape-peeling model of McEwan and Taylor (35).