Selective Detection of Carbon-Centered Radicals in Water via a Fluorescent Probe and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry.

Carbon-centered radicals (CCRs) are key intermediates in the transformation of organic contaminants in aquatic environments. This study developed a robust workflow using a fluorescent probe coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) to identify CCRs in aquatic environments. Nine fluorescent probes were systematically evaluated, with 3-ap/BDP selected as the optimal probe due to its superior performance in detecting a wide range of model CCRs.

Data-based modeling of the light source color indicators on the Color Discrimination Index of the Forbidden City typical color paintings.

The Forbidden City, one of the most magnificent palace architectural complexes in the world, has rich color details in the color paintings adorning the beams, plazas, and ceilings of its buildings, which hold high historical and cultural value. How to optimize the light source color indices to improve the color discrimination capability of the Forbidden City typical color paintings in a dim lighting environment is an urgent issue that needs to be addressed. In this study, based on the TM-30-20 standard, we set up 24 lighting conditions with different IES TM-30 fidelity index (Rf), IES TM-30 gamut index (Rg), IES TM-30 hue-angle bin local chroma shift values (Rcs,hj), and correlated color temperature (CCT).

Global, regional, and national burden and trends of of stroke in adolescents and young adults from 1992 to 2021.

Background And Purpose: This study aims to examine the global, regional, and national burden of stroke in young adults from 1992 to 2021.

Method: We conducted a comprehensive assessment of stroke metrics among individuals aged 15-49 using data from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database, covering 204 countries at global, regional, and national levels. The metrics evaluated included age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR), death rates (ASDR), disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), average annual percentage changes (AAPCs), and joinpoint regression analysis.

Associations of adverse childhood experiences and obesity with multimorbidity in middle-aged and older adults in China.

Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and obesity are independently linked to multimorbidity. Emerging evidence suggests that ACEs may exacerbate obesity-related metabolic dysregulation through biological and behavioral pathways. The joint effect of ACEs and obesity on developing multimorbidity remains underexplored.

The orientation design of high-polarity ligand dipole CF-PEA for enhancing the surface stability and optoelectronic properties of the FAPbI perovskite.

Ligand dipoles are introduced onto perovskite surfaces to enhance the optoelectronic properties and stability of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs), achieving diverse spatial distributions and orientational variations due to their interaction. However, the impacts of ligand dipole orientation on the performance of PSCs remain unclear. In this work, we investigate the adsorption of high-polarity ligand dipole 4-trifluoromethyl-phenethylammonium (CF-PEA) with orientation design on the PbI-terminated surface of the formamidinium perovskite (FAPbI), revealing the impact of CF-PEA orientation on the atomic structure, stability, and optoelectronic properties of the FAPbI surface.

Effects of Oxidative Stress Gene Protein, Expression, and DNA Methylation on Multiple Sclerosis: A Multi-Omics Mendelian Randomized Study.

Background: Oxidative stress (OS) is linked to the development of multiple sclerosis (MS), but the causal relationship in terms of genetic pathophysiology remains ambiguous. We employed Mendelian randomization (MR) and colocalization analysis to explore the relationship between OS genes and MS, utilizing an integrative multi-omics approach.

Methods: We obtained data from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of MS from the International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium (Discovery phase) and the FinnGen study (Replication phase).

Cryo-EM structures define the electron bifurcating flavobicluster and ferredoxin binding site in an archaeal Nfn-Bfu transhydrogenase.

Flavin-based electron bifurcation couples exergonic and endergonic redox reactions in one enzyme complex to circumvent thermodynamic barriers and minimize free energy loss. Two unrelated enzymes designated NfnSL and NfnABC catalyze the NADPH-dependent reduction of ferredoxin and NAD. Bifurcation by NfnSL resides with a single FAD but the bifurcation mechanism of NfnABC, which represents the diverse and ubiquitous Bfu enzyme family, is completely different and largely unknown.

Occurrence, ecological risk and estrogenic effect of 19 bisphenol analogues in the surface water used for drinking water in Shanghai, China.

Bisphenol analogues (BPs), a prominent group of endocrine-disrupting compounds, are widely used in the production of epoxy resins and polycarbonate plastics, leading to their inevitable release into aquatic environments. However, limited data exists on the occurrence of BPs in drinking water sources and upstream rivers. In this study, we developed and validated a solid-phase extraction method coupled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the trace-level detection and simultaneous quantification of 19 BPs in surface water.

Bioinspired Nanoscale 3D Printing of Calcium Phosphates Using Bone Prenucleation Clusters.

Calcium phosphates (CaPs) are ubiquitous in biological structures, such as vertebrate bones and teeth, and have been widely used in biomedical applications. However, fabricating CaPs at the nanoscale in 3D has remained a significant challenge, particularly due to limitations in current nanofabrication techniques, such as two-photon polymerization (2pp), which are not applicable for creating CaP nanostructures. In this study, a novel approach is presented to 3D print CaP structures with unprecedented resolution of ≈300 nm precision, achieving a level of detail three orders of magnitude finer than any existing additive manufacturing techniques for CaPs.

Targeting GDF15 to enhance immunotherapy efficacy in glioblastoma through tumor microenvironment-responsive CRISPR-Cas9 nanoparticles.

Despite the outstanding clinical success of immunotherapy, its therapeutic efficacy in glioblastoma (GBM) is still limited. To identify critical regulators of GBM immunity, we constructed a mouse single-guide RNA (sgRNA) library corresponding to all disease-related immune genes, and performed an in vivo CRISPR knockout (KO) screen in syngeneic GBM mouse models. We demonstrated that the deletion of GDF15 in GBM cells ameliorated the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and enhanced the antitumor efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) response.

Improved Efficacy of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Immunotherapy via Hydrogel-Based Co-Delivery of CAR-T Cells and Mitophagy Agonist.

Leaky and structurally abnormal blood vessels and increased pressure in the tumor interstitium reduce the infiltration of CAR-T cells in solid tumors, including triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Furthermore, high burden of tumor cells may cause reduction of infiltrating CAR-T cells and their functional exhaustion. In this study, various effector-to-target (E:T) ratio experiments are established to model the treatment using CAR-T cells in leukemia (high E:T ratio) and solid tumor (low E:T ratio).

Inhibition of METTL14 overcomes CDK4/6 inhibitor resistance driven by METTL14-m6A-E2F1-axis in ERα-positive breast cancer.

CDK4/6i, the first-line drug for treating ERα-positive breast cancer, significantly improves clinical outcomes. However, CDK4/6i resistance often develops and remains a major hurdle, and the underlying mechanisms remain challenging to fully investigate. Here, we used Genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 library screening combined with single-cell sequencing to screen for molecules mediating CDK4/6i resistance and identified METTL14 as a determinant of CDK4/6i sensitivity.

Targeting METTL8 with Rabdosiin overcomes lenvatinib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma.

In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), lenvatinib is a key first-line treatment that significantly improves survival in some patients with advanced stage. However, lenvatinib resistance presents a major clinical challenge. This study aims to identify key molecular factors driving lenvatinib resistance in HCC and propose intervention strategies to overcome this resistance, thereby enhancing therapeutic efficacy.

Tumor Microenvironment-Responsive Nanocapsule Delivery CRISPR/Cas9 to Reprogram the Immunosuppressive Microenvironment in Hepatoma Carcinoma.

Cancer immunotherapy has demonstrated significant efficacy in various tumors, but its effectiveness in treating Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) remains limited. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify a new immunotherapy target and develop corresponding intervention strategies. Bioinformatics analysis has revealed that growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is highly expressed in HCC and is closely related to poor prognosis of HCC patients.

Regulating structural stability and photoelectrical properties of FAPbI formamidine cation orientation.

Organic cations play a significant role in the structural stability and photoelectrical properties of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites. The orientation of organic cations impacts its interaction with inorganic octahedrons [PbI], subsequently modifying the atomic structure and electronic and optical properties of perovskite materials. However, it is still challenging to regulate the stability of perovskites with different orientations.

Biological analysis of the potential pathogenic mechanisms of Infectious COVID-19 and Guillain-Barré syndrome.

Background: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a medical condition characterized by the immune system of the body attacking the peripheral nerves, including those in the spinal nerve roots, peripheral nerves, and cranial nerves. It can cause limb weakness, abnormal sensations, and facial nerve paralysis. Some studies have reported clinical cases associated with the severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and GBS, but how COVID-19 affects GBS is unclear.

Aptamer-based kinetically controlled DNA reactions coupled with metal-organic framework nanoprobes for sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.

Since the outbreak in 2019, COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become the deadliest infectious disease worldwide for people of all ages, from children to older adults. As a main structural protein of SARS-CoV-2, spike protein is reported to play a key role in the entry of the virus into host cells and is considered as an effective antigenic marker for COVID-19 diagnosis. Herein, we develop a new aptamer-based fluorescence method for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein detection based on using kinetically controlled DNA reactions and metal-organic framework nanoprobes.

Identification of genetic mechanisms underlying lipid metabolism-mediated tumor immunity in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective: To identify the genetic mechanisms underlying lipid metabolism-mediated tumor immunity in head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSC).

Materials And Methods: RNA sequencing data and clinical characteristics of HNSC patients were procured from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Lipid metabolism-related genes were collected from KEGG and MSigDB databases.

Exosome-transmitted circCABIN1 promotes temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma via sustaining ErbB downstream signaling.

Although temozolomide (TMZ) provides significant clinical benefit for glioblastoma (GBM), responses are limited by the emergence of acquired resistance. Here, we demonstrate that exosomal circCABIN1 secreted from TMZ-resistant cells was packaged into exosomes and then disseminated TMZ resistance of receipt cells. CircCABIN1 could be cyclized by eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A3 (EIF4A3) and is highly expressed in GBM tissues and glioma stem cells (GSCs).