In-Field Molecular Diagnostics of Plant Pathogens Using Bioluminescent CRISPR-Guided Caspase Assay.

In-field molecular diagnostics of plant pathogens are critical for crop disease management and precision agriculture, but tools are still lacking. Herein, we present a bioluminescent molecular diagnostic assay capable of detecting viable pathogens directly in minimally processed plant samples, enabling rapid and precise in-field crop disease diagnosis. The assay, called bioluminescent craspase diagnostics (BioCrastics), leverages newly discovered RNA-activated protease of CRISPR (Craspase) with enzymatic luminescence to generate a cascaded amplification, thus bypasses nucleic acid purification and amplification while achieving sub-nanogram sensitivity for fungal pathogens.

The cross-regulation between two-component system BasS/BasR and c-di-GMP phosphodiesterase YfgF in biofilm formation and HO stress response in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli.

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is a widespread bacterial pathogen that poses a significant threat to the poultry industry globally. It is of great significance to control APEC infections by investigating the molecular mechanisms that regulate APEC's adaptation to new environments and its survival. APEC possesses a series of regulation systems to sense and quickly and appropriately respond to extracellular environmental changes, and causes the host infection.

A Study of Localized Spontaneous Activity Changes in Cerebral White Matter in Adolescent Smoking Addiction.

Introduction: Previous research has primarily concentrated on alterations in spontaneous brain activity within the gray matter of young smokers; however, the influence of nicotine addiction on spontaneous brain activity in the white matter was unknown.

Methods: The current study encompassed 45 male smokers and 45 male non-smokers. Regional Homogeneity (ReHo) and Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuations (ALFF) analyses were applied to examine regional neural activity in the white matter.

IgY antibodies as a non-antibiotic approach to combat Vibrio vulnificus infection and gut microbiota dysbiosis in zebrafish.

This study investigates the protective effects of immunoglobulin Y (IgY) antibodies as a targeted treatment against Vibrio vulnificus infection in zebrafish (Danio rerio), focusing on survival - outcomes and microbiota modulation. IgY antibodies were generated by immunizing hens with inactivated V. vulnificus, purified from egg yolks, and administered to zebrafish via intraperitoneal injection, oral feeding, and immersion.

Analysis of Cardiotoxicity and Risk Factors of Breast Cancer Chemotherapy Drugs: A Five-Year Single-Centre Retrospective Study in Early Breast Cancer.

Objective: To investigate the cardiotoxicity of breast cancer (BC) chemotherapy drugs and analyse their risk factors.

Methods: Through the electronic medical record system, the data of 415 patients with early BC (EBC) who had undergone a complete chemotherapy cycle were retrospectively collected within 5 years from the beginning of chemotherapy. Baseline clinical, biochemical and echocardiographic data were retrospectively extracted for comparative analysis.

FBXL3 serves as a suppressor of regenerative myogenesis.

Muscle regeneration hinges on the proliferation and differentiation of satellite cells. FBXL3, a member of the F-box protein family known for its role as a negative regulator of the circadian clock, is implicated in myogenesis. In this study, we demonstrate the expression of FBXL3 in satellite cells of adult mice, where it acts as a negative regulator of myogenic regeneration.

Research progress on rehabilitation programs for dysphagia in patients with ischemic stroke: A Narrative review.

This review aims to explore the various symptoms caused by ischemic stroke and summarize current clinical care and rehabilitation treatment options for post-stroke dysphagia. Stroke is the second leading cause of death and a leading cause of long-term disability worldwide, with the highest prevalence in developing countries. Among them, ischemic stroke is the most common type, accounting for more than 80% of the total number of strokes and is the focus of current stroke research.

Yield of Exome Sequencing for Mendelian Disorders Screening in Asymptomatic Fetuses Undergoing Prenatal Diagnosis: A Retrospective Analysis of 1766 Cases.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the yield of exome sequencing (ES) as a routine screening test for Mendelian disorders in asymptomatic fetuses undergoing prenatal diagnosis, with a focus on identifying gene variants associated with moderate to severe diseases.

Methods: A total of 2593 fetuses underwent prenatal ES (pES) testing at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University between 2021 and 2022. Out of these, we excluded 827 pES datasets from fetuses with abnormal ultrasound findings, as well as those with a confirmed/suspected family history of Mendelian disorders.

Therapeutic and prophylactic effects of baicalin on Pneumocystis infection in immunosuppressed rats.

Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is a life-threatening opportunistic infection in immunocompromised individuals. Standard treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is limited by frequent side effects, potential drug resistance, and diminishing efficacy in certain patients, highlighting the need for alternative therapeutic strategies. This study evaluates the therapeutic and prophylactic potential of baicalin (Ba), a flavonoid derived from traditional Chinese medicine, in an immunosuppressed rat model of PCP.

Prevalence and Characterization of and Methicillin-Resistant Isolated from Guangxi Dairy Farms.

() is a major pathogen responsible for mastitis in dairy cows and can contaminate raw milk, thereby posing significant health risks to consumers. The emergence of methicillin-resistant (MRSA) has further heightened public health concerns due to its antibiotic resistance and infectious potential. In this study, we examined the prevalence, virulence genes, antimicrobial resistance, types, and biofilm formation of isolates from dairy farms in Guangxi Province, China.

The shift toward nanovaccination: A comprehensive review of advancing nanovaccination for combinatory immune regulation therapies to treat infectious diseases and cancer.

Vaccination is an essential tool in combating infectious disease and holds significant potential in cancer immunotherapy. Recent advances in nanotechnology have paved the way for nanovaccines development, which leverage nanoparticles to enhance vaccines delivery, stability, and immunogenicity. This review article examines the composition of nanovaccines, detailing the characteristics properties of antigens and adjuvant along with the various nanomaterial commonly employed, including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, biomimetic structures, as well as organic and inorganic nanocarriers.

Electroencephalography microstates predict 12-h abstinence-induced craving changes in young smokers.

Nicotine abstinence inhibits the function of the mesolimbic dopamine system to enhance craving. EEG microstates may provide spatiotemporal characteristics of global brain neuronal activity. However, little is known about the temporal dynamics and spatial topography of microstates in young smokers after abstinence.

Decoding the impact of MMP1+ malignant subsets on tumor-immune interactions: insights from single-cell and spatial transcriptomics.

Matrix metalloproteinase 1 plays a pivotal role in tumor biology and immune modulation through its enzymatic remodeling of the extracellular matrix, facilitating tumor progression. In this study, we utilized large-scale single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics to investigate MMP1 expression, its cellular localization, and its impact on tumor progression and immune modulation. Our findings reveal that MMP1 expression is elevated in various tumor types and is strongly correlated with metastatic potential.

The Phase-Amplitude Coupling Changes Induced by Smoking Cue After 12-H Abstinence in Young Smokers.

Tobacco use causes more than 8 million deaths globally each year, and the number of younger smokers is growing. It is of great practical importance to explore the underlying neural mechanisms behind the behaviour of young smokers. During cue-induced craving, reward system in the brain generates neural oscillations at specific frequencies.

Impact of Hemoglobin Glycation Index on Complications Following Orthopedic Surgery: A Retrospective Comparative Propensity Score-Matched Study.

Objective: Patients with impaired glucose metabolism have an increased incidence of post-operative complications. The best marker for glycemic control prior to elective orthopedic surgery remains unclear. We aimed to assess the utility of the hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) in predicting early complications following elective orthopedic surgery.

Chain mediating effect of frailty and depression between nutrition and quality of life in elderly stroke patients.

Elderly stroke patients generally have a lower quality of life. This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of frailty and depression in the relationship between nutrition and quality of life in elderly stroke patients. The researcher used the convenience sampling method to select 193 cases of elderly stroke patients who were admitted to the Department of Neurology of a tertiary general hospital in Qingdao from July 2023 to March 2024, and the questionnaires were investigated using the General Information Questionnaire, the Tilburg Frailty Assessment Index Scale (TFI), the Depression Screening Scale (PHQ-9), the Simplified Quality of Life Scale for Stroke Patients (SV-SS-QoL), and the Mini-Nutrition Assessment Scale (MNA-SF).

Integrated bioinformatics analysis screened the key genes and pathways of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), we analyzed the GSE173355 and GSE173356 datasets obtained from the NCBI-GEO database. We identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially methylated sites. Functional enrichment analysis was conducted for both DEGs and differentially methylated sites.

The membrane protein DtpT plays an important role in biofilm formation and stress resistance in foodborne Staphylococcus aureus RMSA49.

Staphylococcus aureus has been a major contributor to the contamination of dairy products and preserved foods due to its capacity for biofilm formation and strong resistance to environmental stress. The membrane transport protein di-and tripeptides transporter (DtpT) is the primary transporter of di- and tripeptides in S. aureus, yet its impact on biofilm formation and stress resistance in S.

Characterization and functional analysis of integrin αV in Sebastes schlegelii: Implications for apoptosis, adhesion, and migration in intestinal cells.

Integrins, as essential cell adhesion molecules, consist of an α subunit and a β subunit that interact with extracellular matrix proteins and cell surface ligands to mediate cellular adhesion and signaling. The integrin αV subfamily is widely expressed on the cell surface and plays a critical role in regulating cell growth, apoptosis, and various cellular processes. To explore the function of integrin αV in teleosts, we retrieved the integrin αV (SsITGαV) sequences from the Sebastes schlegelii genome and assessed the tissue expression and response to Edwardsiella tarda stimuli of SsITGαV.

Neoadjuvant toripalimab plus nimotuzumab combined with taxol-based chemotherapy in locally advanced penile squamous cell carcinoma.

The conventional neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimen for locally advanced penile squamous cell carcinoma (La-PSCC) has shown moderate response rates and survival benefits. This single-arm, phase II trial (NCT04475016) evaluated a neoadjuvant regimen of four cycles of toripalimab (anti-PD-1 antibody), nimotuzumab (anti-EGFR antibody), and taxol-based chemotherapy (TNT), followed by consolidative surgery. The primary endpoint was the pathological complete response (pCR) rate.

Correlation Between CAV-1 and PTEN-Mediated Apoptosis in Hyperoxia-Induced Acute Lung Injury.

Purpose: Respiratory support is essential in the clinical management of critically ill patients; however, prolonged exposure to high concentrations of oxygen can result in hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury (HALI). In this study, we developed a model of hyperoxia exposure utilizing C57BL/6 mice and human bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells. We employed CAV-1 siRNA transfection and CAV-1 expression plasmid techniques to analyze the effects of hyperoxia on the expression of caveolin-1 (CAV-1), the deletion of the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) gene on chromosome 10, and the apoptotic markers Bax and Bcl-2.

Fluorogenic Probes for Real-Time Tracking of Bacterial Cell Wall Dynamics with Nanoscopy.

The bacterial cell wall, an essential structure for maintaining cell morphology and protecting against environmental hazards, is predominantly composed of peptidoglycan (PG). This intricate macromolecule undergoes dynamic synthesis and remodeling throughout the cell cycle. Despite its importance, monitoring PG dynamics in live cells, particularly with detailed spatial distribution, poses significant challenges.

Characterization of a novel short-chain dehydrogenase from Sugiyamaella lignohabitans and its application in the degradation of patulin.

Patulin (PAT) is a widespread and hazardous fungal toxin that is commonly found in fruits and grain crops, threatening global food safety. Increasing attention has been focused on biological approaches for PAT decontamination in recent years. This study successfully identified a short-chain dehydrogenase with PAT-degrading activity derived from Sugiyamaella lignohabitans and made a preliminary characterization of the recombinant enzyme Suli-SDR.

Seasonal dynamics and molecular regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis in (Batal.) Iljinsk.

Introduction: , an economically important species known for its high flavonoid content, has potential for industrial applications. Understanding the seasonal dynamics and molecular regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis in this species is crucial for optimizing its production.

Methods: We conducted an integrated analysis of transcriptomic and metabolomic data to identify key genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis and regulation.